Environmental prognostics: An integrated model supporting lysosomal stress responses as predictive biomarkers of animal health status

Prediction parameters of possible outcomes of canine leishmaniasis (CanL) therapy might help with therapeutic decisions and animal health care. Here, we aimed to develop a diagnostic method with predictive value by analyzing two groups of dogs with CanL, those that exhibited a decrease in parasite load upon antiparasitic treatment (group: responders) and those that maintained high parasite load despite the treatment (group: non-responders). The parameters analyzed were parasitic load determined by q-PCR, hemogram, serum biochemistry and immune system-related gene expression signature. A mathematical model was applied to the analysis of these parameters to predict how efficient their response to therapy would be. Responder dogs restored hematological and biochemical parameters to the reference values and exhibited a Th1 cell activation profile with a linear tendency to reach mild clinical alteration stages. Differently, non-responders developed a mixed Th1/Th2 response and exhibited markers of liver and kidney injury. Erythrocyte counts and serum phosphorus were identified as predictive markers of therapeutic response at an early period of assessment of CanL. The results presented in this study are highly encouraging and may represent a new paradigm for future assistance to clinicians to interfere precociously in the therapeutic approach, with a more precise definition in the patient’s prognosis.

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Structural homology and expression tendency of the natural immune response of the terminal complement components to inoculations in pigs: a review

Veterinární Medicína ◽

10.17221/6650-vetmed ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 58 (No. 1) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

D.V.A. Khoa

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Candidate Genes ◽

Production Systems ◽

Animal Health ◽

Mammalian Species ◽

Protein A ◽

Retinol Binding Protein ◽

Classical Pathway ◽

Complement Components ◽

Terminal Complement

The transmission of infectious agents from domestic animals to humans is a matter of particular concern at present. Inoculation can enhance the defences of each individual animal but only in the short term. Certainly, it will be of immense benefit if biotechnology and genetic techniques are applied to farm animal breeding and selection programs to improve productivity, performance and health status as well as for the construction of sustainable animal production systems and promotion of animal welfare. In recent years, efforts to drive candidate genes like cytokines, haptoglobin, complement system, C-reactive protein, a 2-macroglobulin, retinol binding protein, transcortin, and etc. associated with immune traits have successfully been studied in human and different animal species. Here, we compared the molecular structure and evaluated the expression tendency of the haemolytic complement activity (HCA) of porcine candidate genes encoding the terminal complement components (TCC) C6–9. The results suggested that (1) high homology of complement genes among mammalian species may open new ways in cure/ treatment of disease; (2) Muong Khuong animals (Vietnamese potbelly pig) have a great genetic potential to improve the health status of pigs; and (3) HCA in the classical pathway can be developed further by different activation modes, with the potential improvement of animal health.

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Measuring general animal health status: Development of an animal health barometer

Preventive Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.prevetmed.2014.12.008 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 118 (4) ◽

pp. 341-350 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Pieter Depoorter ◽

Xavier Van Huffel ◽

Herman Diricks ◽

Hein Imberechts ◽

Jeroen Dewulf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Animal Health

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Prawo o zdrowiu zwierząt

Przegląd Prawa Rolnego ◽

10.14746/ppr.2019.24.1.3 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 41-52

Author(s):

Izabela Lipińska

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Animal Health ◽

Legal Regulation ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Animal Disease ◽

Fully Integrated ◽

Animal Disease Control ◽

The Subject ◽

Health Legislation

The subject of the article is the issues related to the implementation of EU legal solutions concerning the protection of the health of farm animals, while the purpose of the considerations is to evaluate the legal regulation adopted to implement the package of measures aimed at animal health that have been in place since 2013, and propose the direction of necessary changes in the national legislation in this area. The new animal health legislation entails the amendment or repeal of a number of national provisions on animal disease control, in particular those which were transpositions of directives and EU decisions now repealed. The legal instruments provided for in the regulation are expected to contribute to the achievement of a fully integrated internal market and to prevent the spread of infectious diseases, provided that the existing animal health status is maintained as far as possible.

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Impact of Cadmium Intoxication on Health Status, Rumen and Blood Constituents in Egyptian Ossimi Sheep

International Journal of Veterinary Science ◽

10.47278/journal.ijvs/2021.040 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 102-106

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Health Status ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Animal Health ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Strong Positive Correlation ◽

Toxic Heavy Metals ◽

Animal Blood ◽

Antioxidant Markers ◽

The Impact

Toxic heavy metals particularly Cadmium (Cd) have a hazardous impact on animal health and productivity because of their ill-degradability and bio-accumulation for long periods. This study carried out on 52 Ossimi sheep belonging to Giza Governorate, including 12 sheep considered as control (kept in a private farm) and 40 sheep grazed on an area polluted with cadmium. Drinking water, animal blood and rumen fluid samples were collected from all sheep. Complete blood, rumen and serum constituents were analyzed. Iron, copper, zinc, oxidant, and antioxidant markers were evaluated and Cd levels in water, rumen fluid and serum were investigated to show the impact of Cd on those parameters. Physical examination revealed significant disturbance in health status of Cd-exposed sheep. Rumen fluid examination showed significant increase in rumen pH, significant decrease in rumen ammonia-nitrogen, TVFAs, AST, ALT, GGT, Ca and Ph. Blood constituent revealed significant alteration as significant decrease in RBCs count, Hb, PCV, MCHC and TLC as well as impaired hepatic and renal function and significant decrease of antioxidant markers. These alterations associated with strong positive correlation between these altered parameters and cadmium level in drinking water, rumen fluid and blood samples which markedly increased more than permissible limits; these results should be put in consideration in interpretation of affected animals' status and during treatment and control of cadmium exposed sheep cases as well as consumption of such animals' meat and offal is not recommended.

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Risk-Based Approach to the Assessment of Sanitary Safety of Vivariums and Breeding Facilities, and Health Status of Personnel and Laboratory Animals

The Bulletin of the Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products ◽

10.30895/1991-2919-2020-10-4-257-266 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 257-266

Author(s):

E. D. Bondareva ◽

K. E. Borovkova ◽

M. N. Makarova

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Health Status ◽

Laboratory Animal ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Animal Health ◽

Living Environment ◽

Laboratory Animals ◽

Preclinical Studies ◽

Effect Analysis ◽

Environment And Health

The paper discusses the system of managing risks arising during preclinical studies (risks for the health of personnel and laboratory animals, as well as risks associated with sanitation of premises) as a way to improve and control the efficiency of processes and the safety of facilities involved in preclinical studies.The aim of the study was to analyse the risk assessment system’s efficiency for improvement of drug safety assessment during preclinical studies in the context of animal care and use programmes.Materials and methods: the Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA) method was used to assess the sanitary and hygienic conditions in laboratory animal facilities, as well as health status and welfare of laboratory animals and the attending personnel. The study checked the presence of pathogenic and opportunistic microflora as the main potential inconsistencies.Results: the risk assessment performed during monitoring of laboratory animal health, monitoring of surface cleanliness, and assessment of personnel health, helped to establish a list of the most dangerous pathogens that require stricter control. In order to reduce risks arising during preclinical studies, the following set of measures was proposed: monitoring of the living environment and health of laboratory animals, revision of therapeutic and preventive measures for laboratory animals (including adjustment of antibiotic treatment depending on antimicrobial resistance of microorganisms), monitoring of the personnel health status, taking measures to enhance the personnel vigilance with respect to their own health, prohibition to work at the premises for employees showing symptoms, control of how the employees showing symptoms observe the prohibition to work at the premises, organisation of periodic medical examinations for personnel having contact with laboratory animals.Conclusions: the risk-based assessment helped to identify the most dangerous potential inconsistencies (pathogenic and opportunistic microflora) and the necessary preventive measures to control and manage potential risk consequences.

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Cattle Health Status Criteria

International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology - Regular Issue ◽

10.35940/ijeat.f8627.088619 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 2251-2254

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Animal Health ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Scientific Data ◽

Anthropogenic Factors ◽

Economic Damage ◽

Cattle Breeding ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

Cattle Health

Materials for studying disparate scientific data, performing studies and developing the criteria for evaluating the health status of cattle have been presented. The efficiency of the integrated approach to solving the problem has been shown. It has been found that metabolic diseases cause the most economic damage to livestock. Based on this fact, countries with developed cattle breeding pay increasing attention to the development and improvement of the methodological, organizational and methodical bases of metabolism monitoring, especially during the most hectic periods of the physiological cycle. In the Russian Federation, their methodological basis includes clinical examination, creating biologically full-fledged and high-quality forage base, bringing the animals keeping conditions closer to the natural ones, and laboratory study of the indicators of blood, urine, and milk as intermediate indicators of metabolism and of its conformity to the level and the nature of animal productivity. Among animal health criteria, one should consider the state of the immune system, which due to its sensitivity, may act as an indicator of the effect of various anthropogenic factors and ecological state on the organism.

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Over time Decay of Cortisol Metabolites in Faecal Pellets of Koalas in Central Queensland

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11123376 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 3376

Author(s):

Flavia Santamaria ◽

Rolf Schlagloth ◽

Rupert Palme ◽

Joerg Henning

Keyword(s):

Stress Responses ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Water Loss ◽

Physiological Stress ◽

Animal Health ◽

Faecal Pellets ◽

Field Samples ◽

The Impact ◽

Over Time ◽

Cortisol Metabolites

Faecal material can be a valuable source of information for a range of animal health aspects and can be used to measure faecal cortisol metabolites (FCMs). FCM values can relate to physiological stress responses. However, freshly defecated pellets are not always available and environmental conditions, such as temperature and humidity, might affect faecal pellet consistency and FCM levels. Therefore, the impact of environmental conditions on FCMs needs to be evaluated. We collected 107 pellets from two female and two male koalas, exposed them to three types of treatments, and analysed FCMs in these samples with three enzyme immunoassays (EIAs). After analysis, the original FCM values were mathematically corrected for water loss. Results show that the FCMs were more stable when measured using tetrahydrocorticosterone (50c) and 5α-pregnane-3β,11β,21-triol-20-one (37e) EIAs, and were less stable when measured with the cortisol EIA. With 50c, the FCM values did not vary significantly over time either before or after the adjustment with water in the environment treatment group. For samples kept under constant low (25 °C) and high (35 °C) temperatures, the 50c FCM values did not vary significantly over time, after adjustments were made for water loss. Thus, this study highlights the importance of considering the suitability of faecal field samples for FCM analysis. Because water loss was the main driver of FCM changes, we strongly recommend collecting koala pellets that are freshly defecated, despite the effort and time it might take to collect such pellets.

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