Archard’s wear law revisited to measure accurate wear coefficient considering actual sliding velocity

Particulate aluminum matrix composites (PAMCs) with different volume percent of Al3Zr particles have been developed by direct melt reaction (DMR). Wear and friction have been studied in detail for all compositions under dry sliding conditions. Results indicate that the wear rate, normalized wear rate, and wear coefficient of PAMCs decrease continuously with increase in volume percent of Al3Zr particles, however, with applied load and sliding distance, wear continuously increases. Wear rate and wear coefficient with sliding velocity initially decrease for all compositions, attains minima, and then increase sharply. However, coefficient of friction shows increasing trend with composition and sliding velocity but with load it shows a decreasing trend and with distance slid it fluctuates within a value of ±0.025. At low load and sliding velocity three-dimensional (3D)-profilometer, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and debris studies show low Ra values and mild wear dominated by oxidative nature, whereas at high loads and sliding velocities high Ra values and wear nature change to severe wear with mixed mode (oxidative–metallic) and surface with deep grooves is observed. Further, it is also important to note from morphological studies that refinement of matrix phase takes place with in situ formation of Al3Zr particles, which helps to improve hardness and tensile properties finally contributing to low wear rate.

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Wear Behavior and Mechanical Properties of TiO2 Coating Deposited Electrophoretically on 316 L Stainless Steel

Journal of Tribology ◽

10.1115/1.4038102 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 140 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hafedh Dhiflaoui ◽

Khlifi Kaouther ◽

Ahmed Ben Cheikh Larbi

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Normal Force ◽

Wear Behavior ◽

Close Relation ◽

Fretting Wear ◽

Sliding Velocity ◽

Wear Coefficient ◽

Wear Performance ◽

Characterization Methods ◽

316 L Stainless Steel

In this work, the TiO2 coatings were synthesized by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of nanosized powder in order to improve the tribological properties. Several characterization methods were applied to the coated substrates. The surface topography of the EPD layers, their morphology, composition, and mechanical properties were investigated. The influence of heat treatment, which results in calcination, on the wear performance of coated films was also examined. It was noticed that the effect of the normal force and sliding velocity on the coefficients of instantaneous and stabilized friction was not the same in treated coatings and untreated ones. Moreover, the treated and uncoated films showed a close relation between the dissipated accumulated energy and the worn volume. The energetic wear coefficients of fretting wear were also studied. As expected, the treated coating reduced the energetic wear coefficient, which enhanced the resistance to fretting wear.

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Effects of CO2 Laser Surface Hardening in the Unlubricated Wear of Ductile Cast Iron Against Alumina

Journal of Tribology ◽

10.1115/1.2831603 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 118 (4) ◽

pp. 748-752 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

C. Papaphilippou ◽

M. Vardavoulias ◽

M. Jeandin

Keyword(s):

Wear Resistance ◽

Cast Iron ◽

Co2 Laser ◽

Surface Hardening ◽

Normal Load ◽

Ductile Cast Iron ◽

Laser Surface ◽

Sliding Velocity ◽

Wear Coefficient ◽

Laser Surface Hardening

The microstructure of a ferrito-pearlitic ductile cast iron has been modified by CO2 laser surface hardening. Analysis of the laser-processed surfaces showed a dramatic increase in microhardness. Dry sliding wear of laser-treated specimens against an alumina counterbody has been investigated by “ball-on-disk” testing. The evolution of the wear coefficient, as well as metallographic observations, revealed an oxidational wear mechanism. The wear resistance of the laser-treated samples was significantly enhanced. The laser-treated cast iron has a better resistance to abrasion and plastic deformation. The improvement of the wear resistance was due to the fine and homogeneous microstructure produced after laser-treatment. Wear plots showing the evolution of wear coefficient with normal load, sliding velocity, and humidity have been established. The wear of the laser-treated cast iron is not influenced by the variation of operating conditions (normal load, sliding velocity, and relative humidity).

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Some Results on the Random Wear Coefficient of the Archard Model

Journal of Applied Mechanics ◽

10.1115/1.4006453 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 79 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Fabio Antonio Dorini ◽

Rubens Sampaio

Keyword(s):

Probability Density Function ◽

Probability Density ◽

Density Function ◽

Maximum Entropy Principle ◽

Linear Wear ◽

Wear Depth ◽

Wear Coefficient ◽

Wear Process ◽

Entropy Principle ◽

Wear Law

The most used model for predicting wear is the linear wear law proposed by Archard. A common generalization of Archard’s wear law is based on the assumption that the wear rate at any point on the contact surface is proportional to the local contact pressure and the relative sliding velocity. This work focuses on a stochastic modeling of the wear process to take into account the experimental uncertainties in the identification process of the contact-state dependent wear coefficient. The description of the dispersion of the wear coefficient is described by a probability density function, which is performed using the maximum entropy principle using only the information available. Closed-form results for the probability density function of the wear depth for several situations that commonly occur in practice are provided.

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Tribological Behavior of Wheel–Rail Contact Under Different Contaminants Using Pin-On-Disk Methodology

Journal of Tribology ◽

10.1115/1.4033051 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 139 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

A. Khalladi ◽

K. Elleuch

Keyword(s):

Abrasive Wear ◽

Tribological Behavior ◽

Sliding Velocity ◽

Wear Coefficient ◽

Adhesion Coefficient ◽

Rail Head ◽

Mild Wear ◽

Pin On Disk

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of contaminants on the tribological behavior of wheel–rail contact. Sand, phosphate, sulfur, and cement were the studied contaminants identified after a Tunisian railway expertise. All friction tests under different contaminants were conducted using pin-on-disk machine, maintaining the same sliding velocity and Hertzian pressure, respectively, at 0.1 m/s and 1000 MPa. All results were compared with reference of two configuration contacts: wheel tread-rail head (clean dry condition) and wheel flange-rail gauge (clean lubricated condition). The main findings of this study could be listed as follows. First, with reference to clean and dry condition tests, sand and cement showed a higher adhesion than phosphate and sulfur. Second, all contaminants increased the adhesion coefficient with reference to clean and lubricated conditions. Third, sulfur generated the lowest energy-wear coefficient yielding a mild wear. Fourth, sand, cement, and phosphate generated a higher energy-wear coefficient yielding an abrasive wear. Finally, the highest energy-wear coefficient was obtained with sand.

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Wear investigation of wet clutch friction material

International Journal Sustainable Construction & Design ◽

10.21825/scad.v1i1.20394 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 46-49

Author(s):

Bart Genbrugge ◽

Patrick De Baets ◽

Wouter Ost

Keyword(s):

Applied Pressure ◽

Friction Material ◽

Sliding Velocity ◽

Operational Parameters ◽

Wear Model ◽

Thickness Change ◽

Wet Clutch ◽

Drive Chain ◽

Friction Plate ◽

Wear Law

Wear of friction plates for wet clutch applications can result in a decreasing transmittable torque and the occurrence of vibrations throughout the entire drive chain causing loss of performance and discomfort. The need for a simple wear model exists to predict the lifetime of the clutch and to give an insight in the combined influence of the operational parameters such as pressure and speed. In this paper wear of paper-based friction material is investigated on a simplified SAE#2 test-rig using only one friction plate and one spacer plate. During engagement torque, applied pressure and sliding velocity are continuously monitored. After a set number of engagement cycles the thickness change of the friction plate is measured and surface topography of the spacer plate is registered. Based on Archard’s wear law a specific wear rate is derived.

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Effect of High Temperature on Wear Behavior of Stir Cast Aluminium/Boron Carbide Composites

Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering ◽

10.2478/mme-2018-0082 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 1031-1046

Author(s):

X. Canute ◽

M. C. Majumder

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Wear Rate ◽

Boron Carbide ◽

Wear Behavior ◽

Base Alloy ◽

Weight Fraction ◽

Sliding Velocity ◽

Wear Properties ◽

High Temperature Wear ◽

The Matrix

AbstractThe need for development of high temperature wear resistant composite materials with superior mechanical properties and tribological properties is increasing significantly. The high temperature wear properties of aluminium boron carbide composites was evaluated in this investigation. The effect of load, sliding velocity, temperature and reinforcement percentage on wear rate was determined by the pin heating method using pin heating arrangement. The size and structure of base alloy particles change considerably with an increase of boron carbide particles. The wettability and interface bonding between the matrix and reinforcement enhanced by the addition of potassium flurotitanate. ANOVA technique was used to study the effect of input parameters on wear rate. The investigation reveals that the load had higher significance than sliding velocity, temperature and weight fraction. The pin surface was studied with a high-resolution scanning electron microscope. Regression analysis revealed an extensive association between control parameters and response. The developed composites can be used in the production of automobile parts requiring high wear, frictional and thermal resistance.

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CALCULATING THE SLIDING VELOCITY OF THE RAINY LOBE OF THE LAURENTIDE ICE SHEET USING MASS BALANCE CALCULATIONS AND LARGEST CLAST SIZE IN LODGEMENT TILLS

10.1130/abs/2017am-297701 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Kristi M. Kotrapu ◽

Keyword(s):

Mass Balance ◽

Ice Sheet ◽

Laurentide Ice Sheet ◽

Sliding Velocity

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Cardioinotropic Effects in Subchronic Intoxication of Rats with Lead and/or Cadmium Oxide Nanoparticles

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22073466 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (7) ◽

pp. 3466

Author(s):

Svetlana V. Klinova ◽

Boris A. Katsnelson ◽

Ilzira A. Minigalieva ◽

Oksana P. Gerzen ◽

Alexander A. Balakin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cadmium Oxide ◽

Male Rats ◽

Sliding Velocity ◽

Muscle Type ◽

In Vitro Motility Assay ◽

Thin Filaments ◽

In Vitro Motility ◽

Toxic Impact ◽

Cdo Nanoparticles

Subchronic intoxication was induced in outbred male rats by repeated intraperitoneal injections with lead oxide (PbO) and/or cadmium oxide (CdO) nanoparticles (NPs) 3 times a week during 6 weeks for the purpose of examining its effects on the contractile characteristics of isolated right ventricle trabeculae and papillary muscles in isometric and afterload contractions. Isolated and combined intoxication with these NPs was observed to reduce the mechanical work produced by both types of myocardial preparation. Using the in vitro motility assay, we showed that the sliding velocity of regulated thin filaments drops under both isolated and combined intoxication with CdO–NP and PbO–NP. These results correlate with a shift in the expression of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms towards slowly cycling β–MHC. The type of CdO–NP + PbO–NP combined cardiotoxicity depends on the effect of the toxic impact, the extent of this effect, the ratio of toxicant doses, and the degree of stretching of cardiomyocytes and muscle type studied. Some indices of combined Pb–NP and CdO–NP cardiotoxicity and general toxicity (genotoxicity included) became fully or partly normalized if intoxication developed against background administration of a bioprotective complex.

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