Short chain fatty acids may elicit an innate immune response from preadipocytes: A potential link between bacterial infection and inflammatory diseases

2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 881-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.H. Garland
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Potential Link ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals The Potential Effects of Short-Chain Fatty Acids on the Epigenetic Regulation of Innate Immune Memory

Challenges ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Raphael Watt ◽  
Kimberley Parkin ◽  
David Martino
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Immune Memory ◽  
Trained Immunity ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The regulation of innate immunity is substantially more ‘plastic’ than previously appreciated. Innate immune memory (manifested through trained immunity and tolerance) is a recently described epigenetic phenomenon that is a model example, with broad implications for infectious disease, allergy and autoimmunity. Training the innate immune system to combat infections and temper inappropriate responses in non-communicable diseases will likely be an area of intense research. Innate immunity is influenced by short chain fatty acids, which are the natural products of digestion by the intestinal microbiota that possess inherent histone deacetylase inhibitory properties. It therefore stands to reason that a healthy gut microbiome may well influence mucosal and systemic trained immunity via short chain fatty acids. There is a lack of data on this specific topic, and we discuss potential relationships based on available and preliminary evidence. Understanding the link between intestinal microbiome composition, capacity for short chain fatty acid production and downstream effects on innate immune memory in early life will have important implications for host immunobiology. In this review we explore the intersection between the gut microbiota, short chain fatty acids and epigenetic regulation of innate immunity with a focus on early life.

Analysis of porcine macrophage immune response to antigenic molecules and short chain fatty acids

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Na-Eun Han ◽  
Eun-Joo Lee ◽  
Kwan-Sik Park ◽  
In-Sook Jeon ◽  
Hak-Kyo Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Effect of Bacterial Infection and Administration of a Probiotic on Faecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids

1996 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 271-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Siigur ◽  
E. Tamm ◽  
S. Torm ◽  
I. Lutsar ◽  
S. Salminen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Three main short-chain fatty acids inhibit the activation of THP-1 cells by Mycoplasma pneumoniae

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Wen ◽  
Dai Xiaoyue ◽  
Ding Longkun ◽  
Xi Yue ◽  
Yan Man ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

ABSTRACT The overactivation of macrophages causes chronic inflammatory diseases. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), potential drugs for clinical treatment, are modulators of macrophage inflammatory reaction. Therefore, the modulation of macrophage-mediated cell activity is expected to become a new therapeutic strategy for inflammatory diseases caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae. In this study, 2 kinds of SCFAs (propionate and butyrate) were found to have anti-inflammatory effects in M. pneumoniae-stimulated THP-1 cells inflammatory. They inhibited the expressions of IL-4, IL-6, ROS, and NLRP3 inflammasome, while enhancing the expressions of IL-10 and IFN-γ. Our study revealed these 2 agents to repress transcriptional activities of NF-κB, which are important modulators of inflammation. Meanwhile, SCFAs can significantly enhance the autophagy induced by M. pneumoniae. Considering that SCFAs have few side effects, they might be the promising adjuvant therapy for the prevention and/or treatment of various inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Role of Short Chain Fatty Acids and Apolipoproteins in the Regulation of Eosinophilia-Associated Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4377
Author(s):  
Eva Maria Sturm ◽  
Eva Knuplez ◽  
Gunther Marsche
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Parasite Clearance ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Eosinophil Migration ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Eosinophils are key components of our host defense and potent effectors in allergic and inflammatory diseases. Once recruited to the inflammatory site, eosinophils release their cytotoxic granule proteins as well as cytokines and lipid mediators, contributing to parasite clearance but also to exacerbation of inflammation and tissue damage. However, eosinophils have recently been shown to play an important homeostatic role in different tissues under steady state. Despite the tremendous progress in the treatment of eosinophilic disorders with the implementation of biologics, there is an unmet need for novel therapies that specifically target the cytotoxic effector functions of eosinophils without completely depleting this multifunctional immune cell type. Recent studies have uncovered several endogenous molecules that decrease eosinophil migration and activation. These include short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as butyrate, which are produced in large quantities in the gastrointestinal tract by commensal bacteria and enter the systemic circulation. In addition, high-density lipoprotein-associated anti-inflammatory apolipoproteins have recently been shown to attenuate eosinophil migration and activation. Here, we focus on the anti-pathogenic properties of SCFAs and apolipoproteins on eosinophil effector function and provide insights into the potential use of SCFAs and apolipoproteins (and their mimetics) as effective agents to combat eosinophilic inflammation.

scholarly journals Altered synthesis of genes associated with short-chain fatty acids in the gut of patients with atrial fibrillation

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Kun Zuo ◽  
Chen Fang ◽  
Xiandong Yin ◽  
Xiaoqing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Metagenomic Data ◽  
Related Function ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract Background The gut microbiota provides health benefits in humans by producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), whose deficiency causes multiple disorders and inflammatory diseases. However, gut bacteria producing SCFAs in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), an arrhythmia with increasing prevalence, have not been reported. To investigate major gut microbial organisms related to SCFA synthesis, SCFAs-associated KEGG orthologues (KOs), enzymatic genes, and potential producers were examined according to metagenomic data-mining in a northern Chinese cohort comprising 50 non-AF control and 50 AF patients. Results Compared with non-AF controls, individuals with AF had marked differences in microbial genes involved in SCFA-related synthesis, including 125 KOs and 5 SCFAs-related enzymatic genes. Furthermore, there were 10 species that harbored SCFA-synthesis related enzymatic genes, and were markedly decreased in the gut of AF patients. Notably, discriminative features about SCFA-synthesis related function, including 8 KOs (K01752, K01738, K00175, K03737, K01006, K01653, K01647 and K15023), 4 genes (menI, tesB, yciA and CO dehydrogenase acetyl-CoA synthase complex) and 2 species (Coprococcus catus and Firmicutes bacterium CAG:103), were selected as key factors based on LASSO analysis. Furthermore, PLS-SEM analysis showed that 72.8 and 91.14 % of the overall effects on gut microbiota diversity and key species on AF, respectively, were mediated by the key KOs. Meanwhile, 46.31 % of the total effects of SCFA-synthesis related function on left atrial enlargement was mediated by hsCRP. Upon incorporation of clinical properties in AF, the KO score was still significantly associated with AF incidence (OR = 0.004, P = 0.001). Conclusions The current study revealed that dysbiotic gut microbiota in AF is coupled with disrupted SCFA-synthesis related genes, characterized by decreased abundances of KEGG orthologues, synthesis enzymatic genes and harboring species.

Controllers of cutaneous regulatory T cells: ultraviolet radiation and the skin microbiome

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Schwarz ◽  
Agatha Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Contact Hypersensitivity ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Immune Reactions ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract For the maintenance of homeostasis termination of immune reactions is as equally important as their induction. In this scenario regulatory T cells (Treg) play an important role. Accordingly a variety of inflammatory diseases are caused by an impairment of Treg. Hence, it is important to identify triggers by which Treg can be induced and activated, respectively. For quite a long time it is known that ultraviolet radiation can induce Treg which inhibit cutaneous immune reactions including contact hypersensitivity. Since these Treg inhibit in an antigen-specific fashion they may harbor therapeutic potential. However similar Treg can be induced also by other triggers which include vitamin D and antimicrobial peptides. Recently it was discovered that the gut microbiome controls the development of Treg in the intestine. The same may apply for the skin. Short chain fatty acids, microbiota-derived bacterial fermentation products, appear to induce and to activate Treg in the skin. Topical application of short chain fatty acids was shown to inhibit contact hypersensitivity and to reduce inflammation in the murine imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation model. Together, these data indicate that induction and activation of Treg may be a potential therapeutic strategy to treat inflammatory diseases in the future.

scholarly journals Polysaccharide from Patinopecten yessoensis Skirt Boosts Immune Response via Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acids Metabolism in Mice

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2478
Author(s):  
Ying Li ◽  
Juan Qin ◽  
Yinghui Cheng ◽  
Yuqing Ai ◽  
Zhiyi Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Tlr Signaling ◽  
Patinopecten Yessoensis ◽  
Tlr Signaling Pathway ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Polysaccharide from marine shellfish has various bioactivities. In this study, the effects of polysaccharide from Patinopecten yessoensis skirt (PS) on boosting immune response in mice were evaluated, and the potential mechanisms were explored. The results showed that PS administration effectively increased the serum IgG and IgM levels, implying that PS had immune response-boosting properties. Moreover, PS administration could modulate the composition of the gut microbiota, and significantly improve short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) metabolism, especially butyrate metabolism. Of note, the expression of the Tlr2, Tlr7, MyD88, Tnfa, and Il1b genes in toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway was significantly increased. In summary, PS could boost immune response by modulating the gut microbiota and SCFAs metabolism correlating with the activation of the TLR signaling pathway. Therefore, PS can be developed as a special ingredient for functional product.

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