Serotoninergic system targeting in multiple sclerosis: the prospective for pathogenetic therapy.

The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic posed a serious challenge for scientific and clinical medical institutions in terms of research for new multiple sclerosis (MS) treatments. In this review we discuss the associations between coronavirus infection and MS and provide data on the features of MS pathogenetic therapy during a pandemic. We also analyze the ethical aspects of clinical trials, the problems faced by researchers and patients, especially when using immunosuppressive therapy for MS. We provide examples of violations during research caused by the influence of a pandemic, as well as ways of solving them. Improving ethical standards is an essential component of ensuring the safety of MS and other immune-mediated diseases treatment.

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Dopaminergic Receptor Targeting in Multiple Sclerosis: Is There Therapeutic Potential?

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22105313 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (10) ◽

pp. 5313

Author(s):

Mikhail Melnikov ◽

Mikhail Pashenkov ◽

Alexey Boyko

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Critical Role ◽

Receptor Targeting ◽

Dopaminergic Drugs ◽

Dopaminergic Receptor ◽

Pathogenetic Therapy ◽

Neuropsychological Functions ◽

The Central Nervous System

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that mediates neuropsychological functions of the central nervous system (CNS). Recent studies have shown the modulatory effect of dopamine on the cells of innate and adaptive immune systems, including Th17 cells, which play a critical role in inflammatory diseases of the CNS. This article reviews the literature data on the role of dopamine in the regulation of neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis (MS). The influence of dopaminergic receptor targeting on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and MS pathogenesis, as well as the therapeutic potential of dopaminergic drugs as add-on pathogenetic therapy of MS, is discussed.

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Psychomotor skills in first-year infants born by multiple sclerosis mothers: a single-centre prospective clinical observational study

Российский педиатрический журнал ◽

10.46563/1560-9561-2021-24-3-197-202 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 197-202

Author(s):

Tatyana V. Vinogradova ◽

Elena P. Sitnikova ◽

Dmitriy S. Kasatkin

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Observational Study ◽

Motor Development ◽

Negative Influence ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Group ◽

First Year ◽

Psychomotor Skills ◽

Pathogenetic Therapy ◽

The Impact

Introduction. The impact of a mother’s MS on the intrauterine and postnatal development of the infant remains controversial. Aim: to study the influence of mother’s MS, and pathogenetic therapy, on the formation of psychomotor skills in first-year infants under comparison with a group of infants from healthy mothers (“case-control”). Materials and methods. Prospective observational study (“case-control”) at months 3, 6, 9 and 12. The WHO-recommended scale of motor development (WHO six milestones), 46 infants from MS mothers and 46 infants from the control group. Results. The duration of the mother’s MS disease, the severity of the neurological deficit, and the disease course’s activity was found not significantly to affect the motor and neuropsychiatric development of the child in the first year of life. Significant differences were established between the groups of children and patients with MS from the control group in terms of mastering the skills of standing and walking; the presence of better motor parameters in children from patients receiving pathogenetic therapy was established too. The negative influence of interferons in the first trimester on speech skills in infants was revealed. Conclusion. The main influencing factor was mother multiple sclerosis and the pathogenetic therapy received by the mother before and during pregnancy. This fact can play a significant role in managing this infant cohort. Special exercises such as stimulation of motor and speech skills need to be included.

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Non-biological complex drugs and their analogues in the pathogenetic therapy of multiple sclerosis: Issues of efficacy and safety in clinical use

Neurology neuropsychiatry Psychosomatics ◽

10.14412/2074-2711-2015-1-75-79 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 75 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

I. D. Stolyarov ◽

A. M. Petrov ◽

M. V. Votintseva ◽

I. G. Nikiforova

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Clinical Use ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Pathogenetic Therapy

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Some modern methods of diagnosis and pathogenetic therapy of multiple sclerosis

Neurology Bulletin ◽

10.17816/nb87566 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol XXXIV (1-2) ◽

pp. 65-72

Author(s):

I. D. Stolyarov ◽

G. N. Bisaga ◽

M. V. Votintseva ◽

A. G. Ilves ◽

I. G. Nikiforova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Chronic Disease ◽

Young People ◽

Neurological Disease ◽

Genetically Engineered ◽

Modern Methods ◽

Pathogenetic Therapy ◽

The Central Nervous System

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a severe chronic disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects young people and quickly leads to disability. Until now, the pathogenesis of this neurological disease, which is the most expensive for society, has not been fully elucidated, and the drugs used to treat MS patients can only slightly suspend but not interrupt the development of the disease. At the same time, the possibilities of diagnosing and treating MS have expanded due to the active study and implementation of neuroimaging, neuroimmunological and neurophysiological methods, and the use of new immunocorrecting genetically engineered drugs.

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FEATURES OF CYTOKINE PROFILE IN PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

Immunology and Allergy: Science and Practice ◽

10.37321/immunology.2020.01-02 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 12-16

Author(s):

Nataliia Vdovichenko ◽

Oleh Koliada ◽

Oleksandr Tupotilov

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Laboratory Markers ◽

Disability Status ◽

Relapsing Remitting ◽

Different Types ◽

Pathogenetic Therapy

Purpose of the study In order to determine the serum levels of cytokines of patients in Kharkov and Kharkov region with relapsing-remitting and progressive types of multiple sclerosis (MS) at different periods of disease activity, as well as to establish a relationship between the state of the regulatory immunity, progression of MS and the degree of EDSS (Expanded Disability Status Scale) of patients, 98 patients with MS, as well as 27 healthy individuals, were examined. Material and methods. To determine the content of serum cytokines we used the method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. An elevated levels of IFN-g, IL-1b and IL-12 were revealed in groups with RRMS. At the same time, in the group of patients with RRMS at the stage of clinical and radiological remission, increased production of IL-1b and IL-12 was accompanied by a compensatory increasing of IL-10 level. The results. An imbalance of cytokines was observed in patients with progressive MS. Regardless of the stage of progression an increased levels of IL-1b, IL-12 and IFN-g were observed, more expressed in patients with progressive MS than in patients with relapsing-remitting MS. Аt the same time, the level of IL-10 was reduced. The presence of a correlation between the EDSS and the level of IL-1b (r = 0.349, p = 0.031) and a negative correlation between the rate of disability and the level of IL-10 (r = -0.4371, p = 0.0414) were detected in patients with progressive types of MS at the stage of steady progression. Conclusions. Therefore, the determination of clinical and laboratory markers of the MS activity is of great importance for predicting the activity of the disease, the alternative of further treatment tactics and monitoring the effectiveness of pathogenetic therapy.

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Epidemiological features of multiple sclerosis in the republic of Bashkortostan

Perm Medical Journal ◽

10.17816/pmj3715-13 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 5-13

Author(s):

L. B. Novikova ◽

A. P. Akopyan ◽

K. M. Sharapova

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Medical Information ◽

Annual Reports ◽

Standard Management ◽

Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽

Pathogenetic Therapy ◽

Specialized Service ◽

The Republic ◽

Drug Provision

Aim. To conduct a retrospective study of the prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) and use of "drugs that change the course of multiple sclerosis" in the Republic of Bashkortostan (RB) for 20142018. Materials and methods. The analysis of the prevalence of MS in the Republic of Bashkortostan according to annual reports of neurological service of outpatient and inpatient hospitals of cities and districts of the Republic of Bashkortostan for 20142018 years. The data on dispensary examination of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of MS as well as those received from Medical Information and Analytical Center (MIAC) were analyzed. Results. The prevalence of MS in Bashkortostan during the study period ranged from 47.9 to 61.9 cases per 100 thousand of the population that was recorded mostly in the Central and Eastern regions of the Republic. According to gender features, women predominated in relation to men about 2:1. The mean age of patients ranged from 42.21 0.61 years to 47.6 10.83 years. The majority of patients (71.8 %), who were prescribed the drugs that change the course of multiple sclerosis, had a remitting form of the disease and 28.2 % had a secondary progressive form. Pathogenetic therapy of MS for the analyzed period of 2014-2018 was used for all MS patients on the basis of preferential drug provision. Conclusion. Improvement of the quality of care, rendered to MS patients, is closely related to early diagnosis of the disease, the optimization of pharmacotherapy on the basis of modern approaches to the treatment of various forms of this disease according to clinical guidelines and standard management of MS patients. The solution of this problem requires systemic organizational approaches and formation of specialized service for MS patients.

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Rationale for the efficiency of transcranial magnetic stimulation in multiple sclerosis

EUREKA Health Sciences ◽

10.21303/2504-5679.2021.001992 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 54-64

Author(s):

Petro Gaponov

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Ease Of Use ◽

Control Group ◽

Drug Rehabilitation ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Pathogenetic Therapy ◽

Gait Function

The aim. Based on the analysis and comprehensive clinical and neurological evaluation of the results to substantiate the effectiveness of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods. A total of 110 MS patients were included in the study. The control group consisted of 30 patients who received pathogenetic therapy and 80 patients who underwent a course of rhythmic transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) together with pathogenetic therapy. Results. The results obtained during the study indicate the complex multifactorial nature of fatigue and its significant impact on the clinical manifestations of MS. Also, the use of rTMS reduced the severity of the main neurological symptoms of MS. The improvement in the overall EDSS scale in the group of patients receiving rTMS was statistically significant: from 5.0±1.9 points to 4.5±2.0 points (p<0.01), in the comparison group (p>0.05). Under the influence of TMS, gait function improved, but these indicators were statistically insignificant (p>0.05). The greatest effect of rTMS was obtained on the manifestations of fatigue and also extended to its cognitive and psychosocial components. The obtained patterns are confirmed in the analysis of indicators on the SCA and FS scales. Involvement in the treatment of patients with MS rTMS allowed to achieve a significant reduction in the manifestations of all components of fatigue: from 76.0±20.9 points to 75.5±20.5 points (p<0.05). The data obtained during the study confirm the effectiveness, safety and viability of non-invasive neuromodulation by rTMS in the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with MS. Conclusions. The use of rTMS has a positive effect on the manifestations of fatigue, both motor and cognitive, in patients with MS at all types of course and at different stages of progression. Non-invasiveness, safety and ease of use, the possibility of differentiated use allow the use of rTMS in the clinic of rehabilitation treatment and become an important component of active drug and non-drug rehabilitation of patients with MS.

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