Leptin coordinates efferent sympathetic outflow to the white adipose tissue through the midbrain centrally-projecting Edinger-Westphal nucleus in male rats

Neonatal nutritional changes induce long-lasting effects on energy homeostasis. Adiponectin influences food intake and body weight. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of neonatal nutritional programming on the central stimulation of adiponectin. Male Wistar rats were divided on postnatal (PN) day 3 in litters of 3 (small litter, SL), 10 (normal litter, NL), or 16 pups/dam (large litter, LL). We assessed body weight gain for 60 days, adiponectin concentration, and white adipose tissue weight. We examined the response of SL, NL, and LL rats on body weight gain, food intake, oxygen consumption (V̇o2), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), calorimetry, locomotor activity, phosphorylated-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) expression in the hypothalamus, and uncoupling protein (UCP)-1 in the brown adipose tissue after central stimulus with adiponectin. After weaning, SL rats maintained higher body weight gain despite similar food intake compared with NL rats. LL rats showed lower body weight at weaning, with a catch up afterward and higher food intake. Both LL and SL groups had decreased plasma concentrations of adiponectin at PN60. SL rats had increased white adipose tissue. Central injection of adiponectin decreased body weight and food intake and increased V̇o2, RER, calorimetry, p-AMPK and UCP- 1 expression in NL rats, but it had no effect on SL and LL rats, compared with the respective vehicle groups. In conclusion, neonatal under- and overfeeding induced an increase in body weight gain in juvenile and early adult life. Unresponsiveness to central effects of adiponectin contributes to the imbalance of the energy homeostasis in adult life induced by neonatal nutritional programming.

Download Full-text

Site-related white adipose tissue lipid-handling response to oleoyl-estrone treatment in overweight male rats

European Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1007/s00394-009-0013-2 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 48 (5) ◽

pp. 291-299 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

María del Mar Romero ◽

José Antonio Fernández-López ◽

Montserrat Esteve ◽

Marià Alemany

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

White Adipose Tissue ◽

Male Rats ◽

Tissue Lipid

Download Full-text

Combined treatment with melatonin and insulin improves glycemic control, white adipose tissue metabolism and reproductive axis of diabetic male rats

Life Sciences ◽

10.1016/j.lfs.2018.02.040 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 199 ◽

pp. 158-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Ariclecio Cunha de Oliveira ◽

Sandra Andreotti ◽

Rogério António Laurato Sertie ◽

Amanda Baron Campana ◽

André Ricardo Gomes de Proença ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

White Adipose Tissue ◽

Combined Treatment ◽

Male Rats ◽

Adipose Tissue Metabolism ◽

Tissue Metabolism ◽

Reproductive Axis

Download Full-text

Thermogenic and metabolic consequences of thyroid hormone treatment in brown and white adipose tissue

Bioscience Reports ◽

10.1007/bf01117064 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 175-184 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Christine M. Williams ◽

Rodney Ellis

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

White Adipose Tissue ◽

Hormone Treatment ◽

Male Rats ◽

Fat Pad ◽

Brown Adipose ◽

Glucose Incorporation ◽

White Fat

Male rats were treated with triiodothyronine in the drinking water for 12 days. In vitro rates of isoprenaline stimulated lipolysis were significantly greater in brown but not white adipose tissue. Rates of [14C]glucose incorporation into triacylglycerols were significantly reduced in BAT (brown adipose tissue) and WAT (white adipose tissue) under basal and isoprenaline stimulated conditions, in a second experiment, hyperthyroid animals showed impaired weight gain, despite increased food intake during t9 days' treatment. Energy expenditure on days 5 and 12, and BAT core temperature differences (TBAT – TCORE) on day 19, were significantly greater than in control animals. Epididymal white fat pad weight was reduced and interscapular brown fat pad weight increased by triiodothyronine treatment.

Download Full-text

Increased activities of mitochondrial enzymes in white adipose tissue in trained rats

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1991.261.3.e410 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 261 (3) ◽

pp. E410-E414 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

B. Stallknecht ◽

J. Vinten ◽

T. Ploug ◽

H. Galbo

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

White Adipose Tissue ◽

Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽

Oxidative Capacity ◽

Female Rats ◽

Male Rats ◽

Mitochondrial Enzymes ◽

Fat Cells ◽

Fat Cell ◽

Respiratory Chain Enzyme

During earlier fat cell studies we noticed that homogenates of white fat cells became more brown with training, a fact that might reflect an increased content of mitochondria. This raised the question whether training (as is the case in muscle) increases the oxidative capacity in fat cells. Groups of 8-12 rats were swim trained for 10 wk or served as either sedentary, sham swim-trained, or cold-stressed controls. White adipose tissue was removed, and the activities of the respiratory chain enzyme cytochrome-c oxidase (CCO) and of the enzyme malate dehydrogenase (MDH), which participates in the tricarboxylic acid cycle as well as in the mitochondrial malate-aspartate and acetyl-group shuttles, were determined. The CCO and MDH activities expressed per milligram protein were increased in male rats 4.4- and 2.8-fold, respectively, in the swim-trained compared with the sham swim-trained rats (P less than 0.05). In female rats the CCO activity expressed per milligram protein was increased 4.5-fold in the trained compared with the sedentary control rats (P less than 0.01). Neither cold stress nor sham swim training increased CCO or MDH activities in white adipose tissue (P greater than 0.05). In conclusion, in rats, intensive endurance training induces an increase in mitochondrial enzyme activities in white adipose tissue as is seen in skeletal muscle.

Download Full-text

Melanocortin-4 receptor mRNA is expressed in sympathetic nervous system outflow neurons to white adipose tissue

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.00348.2005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 289 (5) ◽

pp. R1467-R1476 ◽

Cited By ~ 87

Author(s):

C. Kay Song ◽

Raven M. Jackson ◽

Ruth B. S. Harris ◽

Denis Richard ◽

Timothy J. Bartness

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Energy Balance ◽

Food Intake ◽

Sympathetic Nervous System ◽

White Adipose Tissue ◽

Sympathetic Outflow ◽

Lipid Mobilization ◽

Melanocortin 4 Receptor ◽

Sympathetic Nervous

Energy balance results from the coordination of multiple pathways affecting energy expenditure and food intake. Candidate neuropeptides involved in energy balance are the melanocortins. Several species, including Siberian hamsters studied here, decrease and increase food intake in response to stimulation and blockade of the melanocortin 4-receptor (MC4-R). In addition, central application of the MC3/4-R agonist melanotan-II decreases body fat (increases lipolysis) beyond that accounted for by its ability to decrease food intake. Because an increase in the sympathetic nervous system drive to white adipose tissue (WAT) is the principal initiator of lipolysis, we tested whether the sympathetic outflow circuitry from brain to WAT contained MC4-R mRNA expressing cells. This was accomplished by labeling the sympathetic outflow to inguinal WAT using the pseudorabies virus (PRV), a transneuronal retrograde viral tract tracer, and then processing the brain for colocalization of PRV immunoreactivity with MC4-R mRNA, the latter assessed by in situ hybridization. MC4-R mRNA was impressively colocalized in PRV-labeled cells (approximately greater than 60%) in many brain areas across the neuroaxis, including those typically implicated in lipid mobilization (e.g., hypothalamic paraventricular, suprachiasmatic, arcuate and dorsomedial nuclei, lateral hypothalamic area), as well as those not traditionally identified with lipolysis (e.g., preoptic area, subzona incerta of the lateral hypothalamus, periaqueductal gray, solitary nucleus). These data provide compelling neuroanatomical evidence that could underlie a direct central modulation of the sympathetic outflow to WAT by the melanocortins through the MC4-Rs resulting in changes in lipid mobilization and adiposity.

Download Full-text

A soyabean diet does not modify the activity of brown adipose tissue but alters the rate of lipolysis in the retroperitoneal white adipose tissue of male rats recovering from early-life malnutrition

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114511006180 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 108 (6) ◽

pp. 1042-1051 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Adriene Alexandra Paiva ◽

Jaline Zandonato Faiad ◽

Marina Satie Taki ◽

Silvia Regina de Lima Reis ◽

Letícia Martins Ignácio de Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Brown Adipose Tissue ◽

White Adipose Tissue ◽

Early Life ◽

Uncoupling Protein ◽

Male Rats ◽

Fat Deposits ◽

Brown Adipose ◽

Pregnancy And Lactation ◽

Retroperitoneal White Adipose Tissue

Nutritional recovery with a soyabean diet decreases body and fat weights when compared with a casein diet. We investigated whether the reduced adiposity observed in rats recovering from early-life malnutrition with a soyabean diet results from alterations in lipid metabolism in white adipose tissue (WAT) and/or brown adipose tissue (BAT). Male rats from mothers fed either 17 or 6 % protein during pregnancy and lactation were maintained on 17 % casein (CC and LC groups), 17 % soyabean (CS and LS groups) or 6 % casein (LL group) diets over 60 d. The rats maintained on a soyabean diet had similar relative food intakes, but lower body and retroperitoneal WAT weights and a reduced lipid content in the retroperitoneal WAT. The insulin levels were lower in the recovered rats and were elevated in those fed a soyabean diet. Serum T3 concentration and uncoupling protein 1 content in the BAT were decreased in the recovered rats. The thermogenic capacity of the BAT was not affected by the soyabean diet. The lipogenesis rate in the retroperitoneal WAT was similar in all of the groups except for the LL group, which had exacerbated lipogenesis. The enhancement of the lipolysis rate by isoproterenol was decreased in white adipocytes from the soyabean-recovered rats and was elevated in adipocytes from the soyabean-control rats. Thus, in animals maintained on a soyabean diet, the proportions of fat deposits are determined by the lipolysis rate, which differs depending on the previous nutritional status.

Download Full-text

The effect of Berberine on obesity through browning of the inguinal white adipose tissue of male rats

Egyptian Journal of Histology ◽

10.21608/ejh.2021.78368.1494 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

pp. 0-0

Author(s):

Reham Abdelrahman ◽

Doaa Abdel-monsif ◽

Eman Farghaly ◽

Maha Abounazel ◽

Eiman Zaki

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

White Adipose Tissue ◽

Male Rats

Download Full-text

3,5 Diiodo-l-Thyronine (T2) Promotes the Browning of White Adipose Tissue in High-Fat Diet-Induced Overweight Male Rats Housed at Thermoneutrality

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells8030256 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 256 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Rosalba Senese ◽

Federica Cioffi ◽

Rita De Matteis ◽

Giuseppe Petito ◽

Pieter de Lange ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Fat Mass ◽

White Adipose Tissue ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Male Rats ◽

Standard Diet ◽

High Fat ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Adipose Cells

The conversion of white adipose cells into beige adipose cells is known as browning, a process affecting energy metabolism. It has been shown that 3,5 diiodo-l-thyronine (T2), an endogenous metabolite of thyroid hormones, stimulates energy expenditure and a reduction in fat mass. In light of the above, the purpose of this study was to test whether in an animal model of fat accumulation, T2 has the potential to activate a browning process and to explore the underlying mechanism. Three groups of rats were used: (i) receiving a standard diet for 14 weeks; (ii) receiving a high-fat diet (HFD) for 14 weeks; and (iii) receiving a high fat diet for 10 weeks and being subsequently treated for four weeks with an HFD together with the administration of T2. We showed that T2 was able to induce a browning in the white adipose tissue of T2-treated rats. We also showed that some miRNA (miR133a and miR196a) and MAP kinase 6 were involved in this process. These results indicate that, among others, the browning may be another cellular/molecular mechanism by which T2 exerts its beneficial effects of contrast to overweight and of reduction of fat mass in rats subjected to HFD.

Download Full-text