Decreased bone density induced by antiepileptic drugs can cause accelerated orthodontic tooth movement in male Wistar rats

Abstract Objective The primary objective of this study was to investigate how the extent of surgical insult affects the orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and the alveolar bone modelling and remodelling in a rodent model. Material and methods 15-week-old male Wistar rats were used in the research and they were randomly divided into three treatment groups: (1) OTM only (N = 8); (2) OTM + 2 alveolar decortication (AD) (less surgical insult) (N = 8); and (3) OTM + 4 AD (more surgical insult) (N = 8). A nickel-titanium spring delivering 5–8 g of force was used to protract the molar mesially using maxillary incisors as an anchorage. AD was done using a hand piece and a round bur, adjacent to the left first maxillary molar on the palatal alveolar bone. After 14 days of OTM Wistar rats were killed and microfocus computed tomography and histological analysis were performed. Results The OTM + 4AD group presented with a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the rate of tooth movement when compared to OTM + 2AD group and OTM only group. In addition, the OTM + 4AD group had a significant decrease in bone volume and tissue density (P < 0.05) and a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the trabecular spacing and trabecular thickness when compared to OTM only. Histological quantification of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase indicated a significant percent increase (P < 0.05) in OTM + 4AD group, when compared to OTM + 2AD and OTM only group. Results Increased surgical insult increases the rate of OTM. Additionally, increased surgical insult decreases the bone volume and the tissue density.

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The number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in hypofunctional teeth during orthodontic tooth movement in rats

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.53728.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 541

Author(s):

Adibah Maulani ◽

Cendrawasih Andusyana Farmasyanti ◽

Darmawan Sutantyo

Keyword(s):

Wistar Rats ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Pressure Side ◽

Coil Spring ◽

Movement Rate ◽

Normal Occlusion ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Tooth Movement Rate ◽

Hematoxylin Eosin

Background: When moved orthodontically, hypofunctional teeth will have a decreased tooth movement rate compared to normal teeth. This study aimed to determine the number of osteoblasts in the tension side and the number of osteoclasts in the pressure side of the hypofunctional teeth during orthodontic tooth movement. Method: 18 male Wistar rats were given a palatal coil spring application on the maxillary incisors. Rats were divided into two groups, the orthodontic group with normal occlusion (NO) and hypofunctional occlusion (HO). The number of osteoblasts on the tension side and osteoclasts on the pressure side on days zero (D0), five (D5), and 10 (D10) were tested with two-way ANOVA. Observations were made by hematoxylin eosin staining. Result: The results showed that the number of osteoblasts on the tension side of the HO group was the same at the NO group (p> 0.05). The number of osteoblasts on the tension side in the NO and HO groups at D5 was the same at D10 (p = 0.99), but significantly higher (p = 0.002), than D0. The number of osteoclasts on the pressure side in the HO group was significantly lower than the NO group (p <0.05). The number of osteoclasts in the NO D5 group was significantly higher than the other groups (p <0.05). Conclusions: The number of osteoblasts on the tension side was not affected by the hypofunctional state but decreased the number of osteoclasts on the pressure side during orthodontic tooth movement.

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Alcohol Induced Osteopenia Can Cause Accelerated Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Male Wistar Rats

Journal of Islamic Dental Association of IRAN ◽

10.30699/jidai.29.3.104 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 104-109

Author(s):

Mohammad Sadegh Ahmad Akhoundi ◽

Amirhossein Mirhashemi ◽

Sedigheh Sheikhzadeh ◽

Elahe Ansari ◽

Yasaman Kheirandish ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wistar Rats ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Male Wistar Rats

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Effect of Blue-Light-Emitting Diode Exposure on Collagen Density of Periodontal Ligament During Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Rats

Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry ◽

10.33263/briac126.82318240 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 8231-8240

Keyword(s):

Blue Light ◽

Periodontal Ligament ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Control Group ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Collagen Density

Photobiomodulation therapy using Light Emitting Diode (LED) with a certain period and intensity can stimulate tissue repair and accelerate orthodontic tooth movement. During remodeling, collagen on periodontal ligaments was formed on the pressure and tension sides. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exposure time and observation day of blue LED on the collagen density of periodontal ligament of the pressure and tension sides of Wistar rats. Forty-eight male Wistar rats aged 3-4 months weighing 300-500 grams were divided into four groups: the control group; the group exposed to LED with λ1000 nm of 490 mW/cm2 for 25, 30, and 35 seconds once a day. In addition, their mandibular inter-incisor was administered with thirty-five grams orthodontic force using an open coil spring. The calculations on the collagen density of pressure and tension sides were carried out on days 0, 3, 7, and 14 using the TinEye application. Statistical analysis test was conducted using two-way ANOVA and LSD post hoc test. The results showed a more significant increase in the collagen density of the pressure and tension sides than that of the control group (p <0.05). The collagen density of pressure and tension sides reach the highest point at 30 seconds exposure followed by 35 and 25 seconds. The collagen density of pressure sides decreased on the 3rd day and increased afterward, and the tension sides continued to increase on the 3rd day afterward. The study showed that blue light LEDs were able to increase collagen density on the pressure and tension sides, with optimal exposure at 30 seconds, and it reached the highest point at day 14.

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Effect of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Provision on Fibroblast Growth Factor-2, Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Expression, Osteoclast and Osteoblast Numbers during Experimental Tooth Movement in Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1718640 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ida Bagus Narmada ◽

Paristyawati Dwi Putri ◽

Lucky Lucynda ◽

Ari Triwardhani ◽

I Gusti Aju Wahju Ardani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Factor ◽

Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽

Rattus Norvegicus ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester ◽

Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ◽

Fibroblast Growth ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Metalloproteinase 9

Abstract Objectives To investigate the effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) provision on matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) expression, osteoclast and osteoblast numbers during experimental orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). Materials and Methods Forty-eight healthy male Wistar rats (R. norvegicus), 16 to 20 weeks old with 200 to 250 g body weight (bw) were divided into several groups as follows: K1: OTM for 3 days; K2: OTM for 7 days; K3: OTM for 14 days; KP1: OTM and CAPE for 3 days; KP2: OTM and CAPE for 7 days; and KP3: OTM and CAPE for 14 days. A nickel titanium closed coil spring 8.0 mm long with 10 g/mm2 was installed between the upper left first molar and upper central incisor to move molar mesially. CAPE provision with a dose of 20 mg/kg bw of animal studies was done per orally. Immunohistochemistry was done to examine MMP-9 expression and osteoclast number in compression side as well as FGF-2 expression and osteoblast number in tensile side of the OTM. Statistical Analysis One-way analysis of variance test and Tukey’s honest significant difference test were performed to determine the difference between the groups (p < 0.05). Results MMP-9 expression and osteoclast numbers in the compression side were significantly different between the groups. Similarly, FGF-2 expression and osteoclast numbers in the tensile side were significantly different between the groups. Conclusions CAPE provision during OTM increases the number of osteoblasts and the FGF-2 expression significantly in the tensile side. Osteoclast numbers and MMP-9 expression significantly decrease in the compression side.

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The role of inhibition of osteocyte apoptosis in mediating orthodontic tooth movement and periodontal remodeling: a pilot study

Progress in Orthodontics ◽

10.1186/s40510-021-00366-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Michele Kaplan ◽

Zana Kalajzic ◽

Thomas Choi ◽

Imad Maleeh ◽

Christopher L. Ricupero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Density ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽

Osteocyte Apoptosis ◽

Saline Administration ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Abstract Background Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) has been shown to induce osteocyte apoptosis in alveolar bone shortly after force application. However, how osteocyte apoptosis affects orthodontic tooth movement is unknown. The goal of this study was to assess the effect of inhibition of osteocyte apoptosis on osteoclastogenesis, changes in the alveolar bone density, and the magnitude of OTM using a bisphosphonate analog (IG9402), a drug that affects osteocyte and osteoblast apoptosis but does not affect osteoclasts. Material and methods Two sets of experiments were performed. Experiment 1 was used to specifically evaluate the effect of IG9402 on osteocyte apoptosis in the alveolar bone during 24 h of OTM. For this experiment, twelve mice were divided into two groups: group 1, saline administration + OTM24-h (n=6), and group 2, IG9402 administration + OTM24-h (n=6). The contralateral unloaded sides served as the control. The goal of experiment 2 was to evaluate the role of osteocyte apoptosis on OTM magnitude and osteoclastogenesis 10 days after OTM. Twenty mice were divided into 4 groups: group 1, saline administration without OTM (n=5); group 2, IG9402 administration without OTM (n=5); group 3, saline + OTM10-day (n=6); and group 4, IG9402 + OTM10-day (n=4). For both experiments, tooth movement was achieved using Ultra Light (25g) Sentalloy Closed Coil Springs attached between the first maxillary molar and the central incisor. Linear measurements of tooth movement and alveolar bone density (BVF) were assessed by MicroCT analysis. Cell death (or apoptosis) was assessed by terminal dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, while osteoclast and macrophage formation were assessed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and F4/80+ immunostaining. Results We found that IG9402 significantly blocked osteocyte apoptosis in alveolar bone (AB) at 24 h of OTM. At 10 days, IG9402 prevented OTM-induced loss of alveolar bone density and changed the morphology and quality of osteoclasts and macrophages, but did not significantly affect the amount of tooth movement. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that osteocyte apoptosis may play a significant role in osteoclast and macrophage formation during OTM, but does not seem to play a role in the magnitude of orthodontic tooth movement.

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Myeloid HIF1α Is Involved in the Extent of Orthodontically Induced Tooth Movement

Biomedicines ◽

10.3390/biomedicines9070796 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 796

Author(s):

Christian Kirschneck ◽

Nadine Straßmair ◽

Fabian Cieplik ◽

Eva Paddenberg ◽

Jonathan Jantsch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Density ◽

Periodontal Ligament ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽

Myeloid Cells ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Periodontal Bone Loss

During orthodontic tooth movement, transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) is stabilised in the periodontal ligament. While HIF1α in periodontal ligament fibroblasts can be stabilised by mechanical compression, in macrophages pressure application alone is not sufficient to stabilise HIF1α. The present study was conducted to investigate the role of myeloid HIF1α during orthodontic tooth movement. Orthodontic tooth movement was performed in wildtype and Hif1αΔmyel mice lacking HIF1α expression in myeloid cells. Subsequently, µCT images were obtained to determine periodontal bone loss, extent of orthodontic tooth movement and bone density. RNA was isolated from the periodontal ligament of the control side and the orthodontically treated side, and the expression of genes involved in bone remodelling was investigated. The extent of tooth movement was increased in Hif1αΔmyel mice. This may be due to the lower bone density of the Hif1αΔmyel mice. Deletion of myeloid Hif1α was associated with increased expression of Ctsk and Acp5, while both Rankl and its decoy receptor Opg were increased. HIF1α from myeloid cells thus appears to play a regulatory role in orthodontic tooth movement.

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Dietary Salt Accelerates Orthodontic Tooth Movement by Increased Osteoclast Activity

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22020596 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 596

Author(s):

Agnes Schröder ◽

Joshua Gubernator ◽

Alexandra Leikam ◽

Ute Nazet ◽

Fabian Cieplik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Density ◽

Bone Loss ◽

Bone Metabolism ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Dietary Salt ◽

Osteoclast Activity ◽

Salt Uptake ◽

Periodontal Bone Loss ◽

The Impact

Dietary salt uptake and inflammation promote sodium accumulation in tissues, thereby modulating cells like macrophages and fibroblasts. Previous studies showed salt effects on periodontal ligament fibroblasts and on bone metabolism by expression of nuclear factor of activated T-cells-5 (NFAT-5). Here, we investigated the impact of salt and NFAT-5 on osteoclast activity and orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). After treatment of osteoclasts without (NS) or with additional salt (HS), we analyzed gene expression and the release of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and calcium phosphate resorption. We kept wild-type mice and mice lacking NFAT-5 in myeloid cells either on a low, normal or high salt diet and inserted an elastic band between the first and second molar to induce OTM. We analyzed the expression of genes involved in bone metabolism, periodontal bone loss, OTM and bone density. Osteoclast activity was increased upon HS treatment. HS promoted periodontal bone loss and OTM and was associated with reduced bone density. Deletion of NFAT-5 led to increased osteoclast activity with NS, whereas we detected impaired OTM in mice. Dietary salt uptake seems to accelerate OTM and induce periodontal bone loss due to reduced bone density, which may be attributed to enhanced osteoclast activity. NFAT-5 influences this reaction to HS, as we detected impaired OTM and osteoclast activity upon deletion.

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Effect of supplementary zinc on orthodontic tooth movement in a rat model

Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1590/2177-6709.21.2.045-050.oar ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 45-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mohammad Sadegh Ahmad Akhoundi ◽

Rezvaneh Ghazanfari ◽

Shahroo Etemad-Moghadam ◽

Mojgan Alaeddini ◽

Azam Khorshidian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rat Model ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Root Resorption ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Cumulative Effect ◽

Study Groups ◽

Model Material ◽

Bone Homeostasis ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Hematoxylin Eosin

ABSTRACT Introduction: Osteoclasts and osteoblasts are responsible for regulating bone homeostasis during which the trace element zinc has been shown to exert a cumulative effect on bone mass by stimulating osteoblastic bone formation and inhibiting osteoclastic bone resorption. Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of zinc (Zn) on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in a rat model. Material and Methods: A total of 44 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of 11 animals each and received 0, 1.5, 20 and 50 ppm Zn in distilled water for 60 days. In the last 21 days of the study, nickel-titanium closed coil springs were ligated between maxillary right incisors and first molars of all rats, and tooth movement was measured at the end of this period. Histological analysis of hematoxylin/eosin slides was performed to assess root resorption lacunae, osteoclast number and periodontal ligament (PDL) width. Results: Mean OTM was calculated as 51.8, 49.1, 35.5 and 45 µm in the 0, 1.5, 20 and 50 ppm zinc-receiving groups, respectively. There were no significant differences in neither OTM nor histological parameters among the study groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: According to the results obtained in the current investigation, increase in supplementary zinc up to 50 ppm does not affect the rate of OTM neither bone and root resorption in rats.

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The effects of binge-pattern alcohol consumption on orthodontic tooth movement

Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1590/2176-9451.19.6.093-098.oar ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 93-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Cristiano Miranda de Araujo ◽

Aline Cristina Batista Rodrigues Johann ◽

Elisa Souza Camargo ◽

Orlando Motohiro Tanaka

Keyword(s):

Bone Resorption ◽

Saline Solution ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Control Group ◽

Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽

Chi Square ◽

Significance Level ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Chi Square Test

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess tissue changes during orthodontic movement after binge-pattern ethanol 20% exposure.METHODS: Male Wistar rats (n = 54) were divided into two groups. The control group (CG) received 0.9% saline solution, while the experimental group (EG) received 20% ethanol in 0.9% saline solution (3 g/kg/day). On the 30th day, a force of 25 cN was applied with a nickel-titanium closed coil spring to move the maxillary right first molar mesially. The groups were further divided into three subgroups (2, 14 and 28 days). Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and picrosirius were used to assess bone resorption and neoformation, respectively. Data were compared by two-way ANOVA, Tukey's HSD, Games-Howell and chi-square test. Significance level was set at 5%.RESULTS: There was a decrease in the number of osteoclasts in EG at day 28. The percentage of collagen showed no interaction between group and time.CONCLUSION: Binge-pattern 20% ethanol promoted less bone resorption at the end of tooth movement, thereby suggesting delay in tooth movement.

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