scholarly journals Sex Differences of Oxidative Stress to Cholestatic Liver and Kidney Injury in Young Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kow-Aung Chang ◽  
I-Chun Lin ◽  
Jiunn-Ming Sheen ◽  
Yu-Chieh Chen ◽  
Chih-Cheng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Young Rats ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Eudragit L-100 Capsules Aromatize and Quaternerize Chitosan for Insulin Nanoparticle Oral Delivery During Toxic Oxidative Stress in Rat Liver and Kidney

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Mahjub ◽  
Farzane K. Najafabadi ◽  
Narges Dehkhodaei ◽  
Nejat Kheiripour ◽  
Amir N. Ahmadabadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Regular Insulin ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Histopathological Change ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Background: Insulin, like most peptides, is classified as a hydrophilic and macromolecular drug that is considered as a low permeable and unstable compound in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The acidic condition of the stomach can degrade insulin molecules. Moreover, the presence of proteolytic activities of some enzymes such as trypsin and chymotrypsin can hydrolyze amide-bonds between various amino-acids in the structures of peptides and proteins. However, due to its simplicity and high patient compliance, oral administration is the most preferred route of systemic drug delivery, and for the development of an oral delivery system, some obstacles in oral administration of peptides and proteins including low permeability and low stability of the proteins in GI should be overcome. Objective: In this study, the effects of orally insulin nanoparticles (INPs) prepared from quaternerized N-aryl derivatives of chitosan on the biochemical factors of the liver in diabetic rats were studied. Methods: INPs composed of methylated (amino benzyl) chitosan were prepared by the PEC method. Lyophilized INPs were filled in pre-clinical capsules, and the capsules were enteric-coated with Eudragit L100. Twenty Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: group1: normal control rats, group 2: diabetic rats, group 3: diabetic rats received capsules INPs(30 U/kg/day, orally), group 4: the diabetic rats received regular insulin (5 U/kg/day, subcutaneously). At the end of the treatment, serum, liver and kidney tissues were collected. Biochemical parameters in serum were measured using spectrophotometric methods. Also, oxidative stress was measured in plasma, liver and kidney. Histological studies were performed using H and E staining . Results: Biochemical parameters, and liver and kidney injury markers in serum of the diabetic rats that received INPs improved significantly compared with the diabetic group. INPs reduced oxidative toxic stress biomarkers in serum, liver and kidney of the diabetic treated group. Furthermore, a histopathological change was developed in the treated groups. Conclusion: Capsulated INPs can prevent diabetic liver and oxidative kidney damages (similar regular insulin). Therefore oral administration of INPs appears to be safe. Lay Summary: Although oral route is the most preferred route of administration, but oral delivery of peptides and proteins is still a challenging issue. Diabetes Mellitus may lead to severe complications, which most of them are life-threatening. In this study, we are testing the toxicity of oral insulin nanoparticles in kidney and liver of rats. For this investigation, we will prepare insulin nanoparticles composed of a quaternized derivative of chitosan. The nanoparticles will be administered orally to rats and the level of oxidative stress in their liver and kidney will be determined. The data will be compared to the subcutaneous injection of insulin.

scholarly journals Chongcao-Shencha Attenuates Liver and Kidney Injury through Attenuating Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response in D-Galactose-Treated Mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cailan Li ◽  
Zhizhun Mo ◽  
Jianhui Xie ◽  
Lieqiang Xu ◽  
Lihua Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Food Material ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Organ Index ◽  
Herbal Compound ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Chinese Herbal Compound

The Chongcao-Shencha (CCSC), a Chinese herbal compound formula, has been widely used as food material and medicine for enhancing physical strength. The present study investigated the possible effect of CCSC in alleviating the liver and kidney injury in D-galactose- (D-gal-) treated mice and the underlying mechanism. Mice were given a subcutaneous injection of D-gal (200 mg/kg) and orally administered CCSC (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg) daily for 8 weeks. Results indicated that CCSC increased the depressed body weight and organ index induced by D-gal, ameliorated the histological deterioration, and decreased the levels of ALT, AST, BUN, and CRE as compared with D-gal group. Furthermore, CCSC not only elevated the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, and GPx but also upregulated the mRNA expression of SOD1, CAT, and GPx1, while decreasing the MDA level in D-gal-treated mice. Results of western blotting analysis showed that CCSC significantly inhibited the upregulation of expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65, p-p65, p-IκBα, COX2, and iNOS and inhibited the downregulation of IκBαprotein expression caused by D-gal. This study demonstrated that CCSC could attenuate the liver and kidney injury in D-gal-treated mice, and the mechanism might be associated with attenuating oxidative stress and inflammatory response.

Abstract 612: ACE2-Independent Sex Differences In Oxidative Stress

Hypertension ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Wysocki ◽  
Karla Evora ◽  
Moody Salem ◽  
Christoph Maier ◽  
Minghao Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Nadph Oxidase Activity ◽  
Female Mice

Many of the pathophysiological effects of angiotensin II (Ang II) are attributed to its stimulation of NADPH oxidases and the consequent production of reactive oxygen species. Female sex has generally lower cardiovascular morbidity and is also less susceptible to kidney injury than males. The basis of these phenomena is not well understood but it is possible that sex-differential regulation of oxidative stress through activation of the RAS and its key effector, Ang II, plays an important contributor role. Here we hypothesized that Ang II levels are higher in male mice and that this is associated with sex-differences in kidney levels of ACE2, an Ang II-degrading enzyme abundantly expressed in the kidney. Parameters of oxidative stress such as, NADPH oxidase activity and malondialdehyde levels (MDA) were measured in kidneys from female and age-matched male C57BL6 mice. At 40 weeks of age, NADPH oxidase activity (p<0.01) and MDA levels (p<0.05) were significantly lower in female than in male mice. Female mice had lower kidney levels of the pro-oxidant peptide, Ang II (0.94±0.19 vs. 1.66±0.17 fmol/mg total protein, p<0.05, respectively). The difference in kidney Ang II levels between females and males was also observed in the face of complete ACE2 genetic deficiency (1.08±0.16 vs 1.97±0.25 fmol/mg total protein, p<0.05, respectively). Consistent with kidney Ang II levels, urinary Ang II levels measured in urines from female WT mice were also significantly lower than in male WT mice (23.6±2.2 vs. 47.9±8.8 pg/mg creatinine, p<0.05) despite significantly higher levels of urinary ACE2 activity in male mice as compared to female mice (7.0±0.5 vs. 3.6±0.3, p<0.01, respectively). Female mice have lower basal levels of kidney oxidative stress than males and exhibit lower levels of kidney and urinary Ang II. The mechanism involved in sex differences in the levels of kidney and urine Ang II does not appear to depend on ACE2.

Alleviation of doxorubicin–induced hepatorenal toxicities with sesamin via the suppression of oxidative stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 1183-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Guo ◽  
Y Liu ◽  
L Wang ◽  
G Zhang ◽  
S Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Anthracycline Antibiotics ◽  
Histological Damage ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Mda Content

Hepatorenal toxicities are an important side effect of anthracycline antibiotics. The objective of this study was to determine whether sesamin (Ses) protects against acute doxorubicin (DOX)-induced hepatorenal toxicities. Rats received daily treatment with either 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose (10 mL/kg) or Ses (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) orally for 10 days, followed by an intravenous injection at day 8 of either saline (10 mL/kg) or DOX (20 mg/kg). Hepatorenal toxicity was assessed by measuring the levels of serum creatinine (Cre), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The protein expression of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) in hepatorenal tissues was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content and antioxidant activity in the kidney and liver tissues were also measured. The results suggest that pretreatment with Ses ameliorated DOX-induced liver and kidney injury by lowering the serum ALT, AST, ALP, Cre and BUN levels ( p < 0.05 or p < 0.01), and the histological damage to the liver and kidney tissues induced by DOX compared to control were also significantly attenuated by Ses. Furthermore, Ses significantly decreased the DOX-induced increase of MDA and 4-HNE and increased the activity of CAT, SOD and GPX compared to the DOX-treated rats ( p < 0.05 or p < 0.01), whereas the change of DOX + Ses (10 mg/kg) group is not significant compared to the DOX-treated group ( p > 0.05). These findings indicate that Ses elicits a typical protective effect against DOX-induced acute hepatorenal toxicity via the suppression of oxidative stress.

Rare Ginsenoside 20(R)-Rg3 Inhibits D-Galactose-Induced Liver and Kidney Injury by Regulating Oxidative Stress-Induced Apoptosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (05) ◽  
pp. 1141-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Jian-Qiang Wang ◽  
Yan-Dan Zhou ◽  
Jin-Gang Hou ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation Product ◽  
Stress Injury ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

Oxidative stress is considered as a major factor in aging and exacerbates aging process through a variety of molecular mechanisms. D-galactose, a normal reducing sugar with high dose can cause the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or stimulate free radical production indirectly by the formation of advanced glycation end products in tissues, finally resulting in oxidative stress. 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 (20(R)-Rg3), a major and representative component isolated from red ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A Meyer), has been shown to observably have an anti-oxidative effect. We thereby investigated the beneficial effects of 20(R)-Rg3 on D-galactose-induced oxidative stress injury and its underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that continuous injection of D-galactose with 800[Formula: see text]mg/kg/day for 8 weeks increased the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). However, such increases were attenuated by the treatment of 20(R)-Rg3 for 4 weeks. Meanwhile, 20(R)-Rg3 markedly inhibited D-galactose-caused oxidative stress in liver and kidney. The anti-oxidants, including catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were elevated in the mice from 20(R)-Rg3-treated group compared with that from D-galactose group. In contrast, a significant decrease in levels of cytochrome P450 E1 (CYP2E1) and the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) were observed in the 20(R)-Rg3-treated group. These effects were associated with a significant increase of AGEs. More importantly, 20(R)-Rg3 effectively attenuated D-galactose induced apoptosis in liver and kidney via restoring the upstream PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Taken together, our study suggests that 20(R)-Rg3 may be a novel and promising anti-oxidative therapeutic agent to prevent aging-related injuries in liver and kidney.

Chronic administration of methionine and/or methionine sulfoxide alters oxidative stress parameters and ALA-D activity in liver and kidney of young rats

Amino Acids ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayara Sandrielly Pereira Soares ◽  
Pathise Souto Oliveira ◽  
Gabriela Nogueira Debom ◽  
Bruna da Silveira Mattos ◽  
Carla Roberta Polachini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Methionine Sulfoxide ◽  
Oxidative Stress Parameters ◽  
Young Rats ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Stress Parameters

Apigenin alleviates methotrexate-induced liver and kidney injury in mice

2021 ◽  
pp. 096032712110099
Author(s):  
F Sahindokuyucu-Kocasari ◽  
Y Akyol ◽  
O Ozmen ◽  
SB Erdemli-Kose ◽  
S Garli
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Kidney Toxicity ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Methotrexate (MTX) is a drug used in the treatment of various types of cancer and inflammatory diseases, but its clinical use has been restricted due to its toxicity. Apigenin (API) is an effective flavonoid with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to determine the protective effect of API against MTX-induced liver and kidney toxicity. Four groups with 12 male mice each were used. The control and API groups were received 0.9% saline (ip) and API (3 mg/kg ip) for 4 days, respectively. The MTX group were given a single dose of MTX (20 mg/kg ip) on the fourth day. The MTX + API group were administered API for 7 days and then MTX on fourth day. Blood, liver and kidney were collected to evaluate tissue injury markers, oxidative stress biomarkers, and histopathological and immunohistochemical assessments. In MTX-treated group, significant increases in aminotransferases activities, creatinine and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and significant decreases in catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase1 (SOD1) activities and glutathione (GSH) levels were determined compared to the control group. Furthermore, histopathological changes and significant increases in caspase-3, C-reactive protein (CRP), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expressions were detected in both liver and kidney tissues of MTX-treated mice. Pretreatment with API alleviates liver and kidney toxicity by attenuating oxidative stress and tissue injury markers, histopathological alterations, and apoptosis and inflammation. These results suggest that API has a protective effect against oxidative stress and liver-kidney toxicity induced by MTX.

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