Ultrastructural, physiological and biochemical analyses of chlorate toxicity on rice seedlings

Fusarium wilt is a devastating soil-borne disease caused mainly by highly host-specific formae speciales of Fusarium oxysporum. Antagonistic microorganisms play a very important role in Fusarium wilt control, and the isolation of potential biocontrol strains is becoming more and more important. We isolated a bacterial strain (SEM-9) from the high-temperature stage of silkworm excrement composting, which had a marked ability to solubilize phosphorus, promote the growth and increase the yield of the small Chinese cabbage, and which also exhibited considerable antagonistic effect towards Fusarium sambucinum and other fungi. The result of physiological and biochemical analyses, as well as genome sequencing, showed that SEM-9 was a strain of Bacillus subtilis. Through genome annotation and analysis, it was found that SEM-9 contained genes related to the regulation of biofilm formation, which may play an important role in colonization, and gene clusters encoding the biosynthesis of antimicrobials, such as surfactin, bacilysin, fengycin, and subtilosin-A. The production of such antifungal compounds may constitute the basis of the mode-of-action of SEM-9 against Fusarium spp. These data suggested that the SEM-9 strain has potential as both a biofertilizer and a biocontrol agent, with the potential to manage Fusarium wilt disease in crops.

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Assessment of Physiological and Biochemical Changes in Rice Seedlings Exposed to Bulk and Nano Iron Particles

International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience ◽

10.18782/2320-7051.2818 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 150-159 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mounil Mankad ◽

Keyword(s):

Biochemical Changes ◽

Iron Particles ◽

Rice Seedlings ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

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The PASTICCINO genes of Arabidopsis thaliana are involved in the control of cell division and differentiation

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.125.5.909 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 125 (5) ◽

pp. 909-918 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J.D. Faure ◽

P. Vittorioso ◽

V. Santoni ◽

V. Fraisier ◽

E. Prinsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Cell Division ◽

Plant Development ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Single Gene ◽

Methane Sulfonate ◽

Plant Genes ◽

Complementation Groups ◽

Biochemical Analyses ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

The control of cell division by growth regulators is critical to proper plant development. The isolation of single-gene mutants altered in the response to plant hormones should permit the identification of essential genes controlling the growth and development of plants. We have isolated mutants pasticcino belonging to 3 complementation groups (pas1, pas2, pas3) in the progeny of independent ethyl methane sulfonate and T-DNA mutagenized Arabidopsis thaliana plants. The screen was performed in the presence or absence of cytokinin. The mutants isolated were those that showed a significant hypertrophy of their apical parts when grown on cytokinin-containing medium. The pas mutants have altered embryo, leaf and root development. They display uncoordinated cell divisions which are enhanced by cytokinin. Physiological and biochemical analyses show that cytokinins are probably involved in pas phenotypes. The PAS genes have been mapped respectively to chromosomes 3, 5 and 1 and represent new plant genes involved in the control of cell division and plant development.

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Resistant Cassava Cultivars Inhibit The Papaya Mealybug Paracoccus Marginatus Population Based On Their Interaction: From Physiological and Biochemical Perspectives

10.21203/rs.3.rs-967406/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Qing Chen ◽

Xiao-Qiang Liu ◽

Xiao Liang ◽

Ying Liu ◽

Chun-Ling Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pest Management ◽

Secondary Metabolite ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Population Based ◽

Resistant Cultivars ◽

Effective Strategies ◽

Biochemical Analyses ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

Abstract Dangerous Paracoccus marginatus papaya mealybugs cause considerable threats and challenges to cassava production and processing. The deployment of resistant cultivars offers effective, economical and eco-friendly management strategies for pest management. We utilized P. marginatus mortality, development and reproduction to evaluate the resistance of fifteen cassava cultivars and conducted physiological and biochemical analyses when P. marginatus was fed on two resistant cultivars (Myanmar, C1115) and three susceptible cultivars (BRA900, Bread, SC205). Significantly lower digestive (amylase, sucrase, lipase), detoxification (glutathione-S-transferase and carboxylesterase) and antioxidant, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), enzyme activities were observed in P. marginatus feeding on resistant cultivars compared to susceptible cultivars. For resistant cultivars, a significant reduction was found in nutritional components containing free amino acids, nitrogen, soluble sugars and the secondary metabolite malondialdehyde. Additionally, significantly higher enzymatic activity (SOD, CAT, POD and PPO) levels and secondary metabolite quantities (total phenol and tannins) were found in resistant cultivars induced by P. marginatus compared with susceptible ones. Additionally, RT-qPCR tests showed that the transcripts of ten genes involved in nutrition, secondary metabolites and antioxidant activities were consistent with their physiology and biochemistry changes. Thus, resistant cultivars prevented P. marginatus populations from suffering lower P. marginatus damage by elevating secondary metabolite contents and antioxidant activities, reducing nutrition levels and decreasing enzymatic activities. This study will be beneficial in determining the important indexes for developing standard regulations to evaluate P. marginatus-resistant cassavas, helping the development of effective strategies for pest management.

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Seed reserve composition and mobilization during germination and early seedling establishment of Cereus jamacaru D.C. ssp. jamacaru (Cactaceae)

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ◽

10.1590/s0001-37652012000300024 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 84 (3) ◽

pp. 823-832 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Nara L.M. Alencar ◽

Renato Innecco ◽

Enéas Gomes-Filho ◽

Maria Izabel Gallão ◽

Juan C. Alvarez-Pizarro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Northeast Brazil ◽

Early Seedling Growth ◽

High Lipid ◽

Early Seedling ◽

Biochemical Analyses ◽

Seed Coats ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

Cereus jamacaru, a Cactaceae found throughout northeast Brazil, is widely used as cattle food and as an ornamental and medicinal plant. However, there has been little information about the physiological and biochemical aspects involved in its germination. The aim of this study was to investigate its reserve mobilization during germination and early seedling growth. For this, C. jamacaru seeds were germinated in a growth chamber and collected at 0, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 12 days after imbibition for morphological and biochemical analyses. Dry seeds had wrinkled seed coats and large, curved embryos. Lipids were the most abundant reserve, comprising approximately 55% and 65% of the dry mass for cotyledons and the hypocotylradicle axis, respectively. Soluble sugars and starch were the minor reserves, corresponding to approximately 2.2% of the cotyledons' dry mass, although their levels showed significant changes during germination. Soluble proteins corresponded to 40% of the cotyledons' dry mass, which was reduced by 81% at the final period of germination compared to dry seeds. C. jamacaru seed can be classified as an oil seed due to its high lipid content. Moreover, lipids were the main reserve mobilized during germination because their levels were strongly reduced after seed germination, while proteins were the second most utilized reserve in this process.

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