Transcriptional regulation of genes encoding ABA metabolism enzymes during the fruit development and dehydration stress of pear 'Gold Nijisseiki'

2014 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 299-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengjie Dai ◽  
Ping Li ◽  
Pei Chen ◽  
Qian Li ◽  
Yuelin Pei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Dehydration Stress ◽  
Aba Metabolism ◽  
Metabolism Enzymes ◽  
Genes Encoding

scholarly journals Influence of γ-irradiation on the expression of encoding ABA metabolism enzymes in barley embryos

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
Sofia V. Bitarishvili ◽  
Vladimir S. Bondarenko ◽  
Stanislav A. Geras’kin
Keyword(s):  
Dose Range ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Aba Metabolism ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Metabolism Enzymes ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Aba Content ◽  
Aba Biosynthesis ◽  
Relative Gene

Background. Small doses of radiation stimulate the growth and development of plants including seed germination. ABA plays a key role not only in seed dormancy and germination but also in the regulation of adaptive reactions of plants. The aim of our work was to study the effect of γ-irradiation of barley seeds in a small doses on the expression of genes encoding ABA biosynthesis enzyme 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (HvNCED1) and catabolism enzyme ABA 8’-hydroxylase (HvABA8’OH-1). Materials and Methods. The barley seeds were irradiated at dose range of 4–50 Gy at a dose rate of 60 Gy/h, the radiation source was 60Co. The study was carried out in the embryos within the first 30 hours after germination. Relative gene expression was investigated using real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Results. It was shown that γ-irradiation of barley seeds changes the expression of ABA biosynthesis and catabolism genes in all experimental groups. Conclusion. This alterations can lead to a decrease the ABA content under irradiation with stimulating doses and increase the biosynthesis of phytohormone under irradiation with inhibitory dose.

scholarly journals Roles of XBP1s in Transcriptional Regulation of Target Genes

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 791
Author(s):  
Sung-Min Park ◽  
Tae-Il Kang ◽  
Jae-Seon So
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Autoimmune And Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Active Transcription ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
The Unfolded Protein Response

The spliced form of X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1s) is an active transcription factor that plays a vital role in the unfolded protein response (UPR). Under endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, unspliced Xbp1 mRNA is cleaved by the activated stress sensor IRE1α and converted to the mature form encoding spliced XBP1 (XBP1s). Translated XBP1s migrates to the nucleus and regulates the transcriptional programs of UPR target genes encoding ER molecular chaperones, folding enzymes, and ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) components to decrease ER stress. Moreover, studies have shown that XBP1s regulates the transcription of diverse genes that are involved in lipid and glucose metabolism and immune responses. Therefore, XBP1s has been considered an important therapeutic target in studying various diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. XBP1s is involved in several unique mechanisms to regulate the transcription of different target genes by interacting with other proteins to modulate their activity. Although recent studies discovered numerous target genes of XBP1s via genome-wide analyses, how XBP1s regulates their transcription remains unclear. This review discusses the roles of XBP1s in target genes transcriptional regulation. More in-depth knowledge of XBP1s target genes and transcriptional regulatory mechanisms in the future will help develop new therapeutic targets for each disease.

Transcriptional regulation of genes encoding proteins involved in biogenesis of peroxisomes inSaccharomyces cerevisiae

1992 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. C. Einerhand ◽  
I. Van Der Leij ◽  
W. T. Kos ◽  
B. Distel ◽  
H. F. Tabak
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Genes Encoding

Methods for the Isolation of Genes Encoding Novel PHA Metabolism Enzymes from Complex Microbial Communities

2016 ◽  
pp. 237-248
Author(s):  
Jiujun Cheng ◽  
Ricardo Nordeste ◽  
Maria A. Trainer ◽  
Trevor C. Charles
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Metabolism Enzymes ◽  
Genes Encoding

Analysis of the promoter activities of the genes encoding three quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenases in Pseudomonas putida HK5

Microbiology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 155 (2) ◽  
pp. 594-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Worrawat Promden ◽  
Alisa S. Vangnai ◽  
Hirohide Toyama ◽  
Kazunobu Matsushita ◽  
Piamsook Pongsawasdi
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Alcohol Oxidation ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Response Regulators ◽  
Divergent Promoters ◽  
Promoter Probe ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Promoter Probe Vector

The transcriptional regulation of three distinct alcohol oxidation systems, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)-I, ADH-IIB and ADH-IIG, in Pseudomonas putida HK5 was investigated under various induction conditions. The promoter activities of the genes involved in alcohol oxidation were determined using a transcriptional lacZ fusion promoter-probe vector. Ethanol was the best inducer for the divergent promoters of qedA and qedC, encoding ADH-I and a cytochrome c, respectively. Primary and secondary C3 and C4 alcohols and butyraldehyde specifically induced the divergent promoters of qbdBA and aldA, encoding ADH-IIB and an NAD-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase, respectively. The qgdA promoter of ADH-IIG responded well to (S)-(+)-1,2-propanediol induction. In addition, the roles of genes encoding the response regulators exaE and agmR, located downstream of qedA, were inferred from the properties of exaE- or agmR-disrupted mutants and gene complementation tests. The gene products of both exaE and agmR were strictly necessary for qedA transcription. The mutation and complementation studies also suggested a role for AgmR, but not ExaE, in the transcriptional regulation of qbdBA (ADH-IIB) and qgdA (AGH-IIG). A hypothetical scheme describing a regulatory network, which directs expression of the three distinct alcohol oxidation systems in P. putida HK5, was derived.

scholarly journals Transcriptional regulation of stilbene synthases in grapevine germplasm differentially susceptible to downy mildew

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Ciaffi ◽  
Anna Rita Paolacci ◽  
Marco Paolocci ◽  
Enrica Alicandri ◽  
Valentina Bigini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
Stilbene Synthase ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Adaptive Resistance ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Stilbene Biosynthesis

Abstract Background To limit the impact of the downy mildew disease of grapevine and reduce the need to recur to chemical treatments, an effective strategy might be recovering adaptive resistance traits in both cultivated and wild V. vinifera germplasm. Considering that stilbenes represent the most important class of phytoalexins in the Vitaceae, the constitutive expression and transcriptional activation of all the functional members of the stilbene synthase gene family were analysed in a group of nine grapevine genotypes following artificial infection with the oomycete Plasmopara viticola, the causal agent of the disease. In addition, in the same genotypes we analyzed the expression of genes encoding for two transcription factors involved in the transcriptional regulation of the stilbene synthase genes, namely VvMYB14 and VvMYB15, and of genes encoding for chalcone synthases. Results Downy mildew incidence and severity ranged from nihil to high in the grapevine genotypes considered, being low to moderate in a subgroup of V. vinifera genotypes. The constitutive expression of the stilbene synthase genes as well as the extent of their transcriptional activation following P. viticola inoculation appeared to be inversely related to the proneness to develop disease symptoms upon infection. In a specular manner, following P. viticola inoculation all the chalcone synthase genes were up-regulated in the susceptible grapevine genotypes and down-regulated in the resistant ones. The infection brought by P. viticola appeared to elicit a co-ordinated and sequential transcriptional activation of distinct stilbene synthase genes subsets, each of which may be regulated by a distinct and specific MYB transcription factor. Conclusions The present results suggest that the induction of stilbene biosynthesis may contribute to the basal immunity against the downy mildew of grapevine, thus representing an adaptive resistance trait to recover, in both cultivated and wild V. vinifera germplasm. During the early stages of P. viticola infection, an antagonistic interaction between flavonol and stilbene biosynthesis might occur, whose outcome might determine the subsequent extent of disease symptoms. Further studies are needed to decipher the possible regulatory mechanisms involved in the antagonistic crosstalk between these two metabolic pathways in resistant and susceptible genotypes in response to P. viticola.

scholarly journals Ethylene regulates post-germination seedling growth in wheat through spatial and temporal modulation of ABA/GA balance

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1985-2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menghan Sun ◽  
Pham Anh Tuan ◽  
Marta S Izydorczyk ◽  
Belay T Ayele
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Starch Degradation ◽  
Aba Signaling ◽  
Temporal Modulation ◽  
Aba Metabolism ◽  
Radicle Protrusion ◽  
Storage Starch

Abstract This study aimed to gain insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of ethylene in regulating germination and seedling growth in wheat by combining pharmacological, molecular, and metabolomics approaches. Our study showed that ethylene does not affect radicle protrusion but controls post-germination endospermic starch degradation through transcriptional regulation of specific α-amylase and α-glucosidase genes, and this effect is mediated by alteration of endospermic bioactive gibberellin (GA) levels, and GA sensitivity via expression of the GA signaling gene, TaGAMYB. Our data implicated ethylene as a positive regulator of embryo axis and coleoptile growth through transcriptional regulation of specific TaEXPA genes. These effects were associated with modulation of GA levels and sensitivity, through expression of GA metabolism (TaGA20ox1, TaGA3ox2, and TaGA2ox6) and signaling (TaGAMYB) genes, respectively, and/or the abscisic acid (ABA) level and sensitivity, via expression of specific ABA metabolism (TaNCED2 or TaCYP707A1) and signaling (TaABI3) genes, respectively. Ethylene appeared to regulate the expression of TaEXPA3 and thereby root growth through its control of coleoptile ABA metabolism, and root ABA signaling via expression of TaABI3 and TaABI5. These results show that spatiotemporal modulation of ABA/GA balance mediates the role of ethylene in regulating post-germination storage starch degradation and seedling growth in wheat.

scholarly journals Distribution of Genes Encoding Nucleoid-Associated Protein Homologs in Plasmids

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiharu Takeda ◽  
Choong-Soo Yun ◽  
Masaki Shintani ◽  
Hisakazu Yamane ◽  
Hideaki Nojiri
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Conjugative Transfer ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Ns Gene ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Bacterial Nucleoid ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Nucleoprotein Complexes

Bacterial nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs) form nucleoprotein complexes and influence the expression of genes. Recent studies have shown that some plasmids carry genes encoding NAP homologs, which play important roles in transcriptional regulation networks between plasmids and host chromosomes. In this study, we determined the distributions of the well-known NAPs Fis, H-NS, HU, IHF, and Lrp and the newly found NAPs MvaT and NdpA among the whole-sequenced 1382 plasmids found in Gram-negative bacteria. Comparisons between NAP distributions and plasmid features (size, G+C content, and putative transferability) were also performed. We found that larger plasmids frequently have NAP gene homologs. Plasmids with H-NS gene homologs had less G+C content. It should be noted that plasmids with the NAP gene homolog also carried the relaxase gene involved in the conjugative transfer of plasmids more frequently than did those without the NAP gene homolog, implying that plasmid-encoded NAP homologs positively contribute to transmissible plasmids.

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