Foliar application of silicon boosts growth, photosynthetic leaf gas exchange, antioxidative response and resistance to limited water irrigation in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.)

ABSTRACT Salinity is one of the factors that most limit agricultural yield in the Brazilian semi-arid region. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the leaf gas exchange and biometric characteristics of accessions of the Saccharum complex subjected to salt stress. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, installed at Embrapa Semiárido, in Petrolina, PE, Brazil. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with the treatments represented by 19 accessions belonging to different genera/species, being 10 accessions of Saccharum officinarum (BGCN 6, BGCN 91, BGCN 104, BGCN 127, BCGN 90, BGCN 101, BGCN 102, BGCN 118, BGCN 125 and BGCN 122), two accessions of Saccharum spp. (BGCN 87 and BGCN 89), one accession of Saccharum hybridum (BGCN 88), one accession of Saccharum robustum (BGCN 94), four accessions of Erianthus arundinaceus (BGCN 117, BGCN 119, BGCN 120 and BGCN 123) and one accession of Miscanthus spp., with three repetitions. Biometric characteristics, chlorophyll index and leaf gas exchange of the accessions were evaluated when they were subjected to irrigation with salinized water (6.0 dS m-1). E. arundinaceus accessions (BGCN 120 and BGCN 123) showed the highest photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, plant height and leaf length, indicating greater adaptability to salt stress and could be promising in breeding programs.

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The effect of the application of the biological control agent EM1 on gas exchange parameters and productivity of Pisum sativum L. infected with Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht.

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2010.038 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 105-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Adam Okorski ◽

Jacek Olszewski ◽

Katarzyna Głowacka ◽

Sylwia Okorska ◽

Agnieszka Pszczółkowska

Keyword(s):

Gas Exchange ◽

Exchange Rates ◽

Fusarium Wilt ◽

Chemical Control ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Biological Control Agent ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Growth Conditions ◽

Gas Exchange Parameters ◽

Exchange Parameters

A pot experiment on different methods of EM 1 application was conducted in the period 2002-2004. The study was carried out under controlled growth conditions. The experimental factor was the method of EM1 application. Before application, the biological preparation EM1 was propagated as recommended by the manufacturer (Greenland). The health status of the aboveground parts of 'Ramrod' pea plants was estimated at the flowering stage. The assessment of pea leaf gas exchange parameters (An, E, Gs, and Ci) was made using a LI-Cor 6400 Portable Photosynthesis System. Soil application of EM1 combined with chemical control contributed to inhibiting Fusarium wilt of pea. Foliar application of EM1 combined with chemical control increased all gas exchange rates of pea leaves. Fusarium wilt of pea insignificantly decreased all gas exchange rates of pea leaves and the number of seeds per pod. The best method of EM1 application was soil treatment combined with chemical control, which increased all yield-related morphometric parameters of pea.

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Effects of foliar application of melatonin on gas exchange and certain biochemical characteristics broccoli cv. Palam Samridhi

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v13i2.2673 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 791-797

Author(s):

Mansha Gul ◽

F. A. Khan ◽

Shafiq A Wani ◽

S. A. Bhat ◽

S. A. Mir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stomatal Conductance ◽

Gas Exchange ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

Leaf Transpiration ◽

Standard Procedures ◽

Plant Foliage ◽

Rate Of Photosynthesis ◽

The Rich

Considering the rich nutritional status and possibility of broccoli in improving the profitable yield, and wide role of Mel in regulating the plant physiological process, an investigation was carried out at the division of Basic Sciences and Humanities during 2017 to investigate the effect of foliar application of Mel on leaf photosynthetic and biochemical attributes broccoli. Thirty days old and uniform seedlings of broccoli cv. Palam Samridhi were transplanted in the field at a spacing of 45 × 45cm. Different concentrations of Mel, viz. 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 ppm were sprayed on the plant foliage at 15 days after transplanting (DAT) replicating each treatment four times. Leaf gas exchange and biochemical attributes were tested following the standard procedures. The Results showed the lowest stipulated rate of photosynthesis (10.87 µmole.m-2.sec-1), stomatal conductance (301.44 mole H2O.m-2ses-1) and leaf transpiration (1. 14 mole H2O.m-2ses-1) in untreated plants. Different doses of Mel significantly increased the values of these attributes and the highest values of photosynthesis (18.63 µmole.m-2.sec-1), stomatal conductance (324.37 mmole.m-2.ses-1) and leaf transpiration (3.23 mmole.m-2.ses-1) with Mel 60 ppm were recorded. The alterations in different biochemical attributes were also evident due to foliar application of Mel and maximum leaf sugar (77.0 and 85.9µg/g), protein (56.9 and 77.3 µg/g), total phenols (260.1 and 339.9 mg/100g), antioxidants (142.8 and 159.9 mg GAE /100g DW) and MSI (94.89 and 97.43 percent) values with Mel 60ppm at 30 and 60DAT, respectively. Therefore, the present study signifies the useful effects of Mel in regulating the physio-biochemical properties of broccoli.

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The effect of placement and light conditions during foliar application of Insol U fertilizer on gas exchange, yield and the quality of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)

Folia Horticulturae ◽

10.2478/fhort-2013-0126 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 61-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Edward Borowski ◽

Sławomir Michałek

Keyword(s):

Gas Exchange ◽

Spinacia Oleracea ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Water Solution ◽

Fluorescent Light ◽

Foliar Fertilization ◽

Spinacia Oleracea L ◽

Positive Effect

Abstract Pot experiments conducted in a growth chamber studied the effectiveness of foliar fertilization of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) with macro- and microelements in the form of a 1% water solution of Insol U fertilizer applied with fluorescent light of the PAR intensity of 200 μmol m-2 s-1 and with dispersed daylight of the intensity of 600 μmol m-2 s-1. Insol U was applied three times, supplied on the upper, lower or both sides of the leaf blades. The control consisted of plants sprayed with distilled water. The obtained results pointed out that foliar fertilization of spinach with Insol U significantly increased the leaf gas exchange, the yield of the fresh leaf mass, the content of vitamin C, chlorophyll, carotenoids, as well as potassium and phosphorus in the leaves. The application of the fertilizer onto the upper and the lower side of the leaf blade had the most positive effect on the analysed property of the leaves. Independently of the side leaf, the application of the fertilizer at a higher light intensity had a significantly better consecutive effect on all the analysed properties of the leaves.

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Salicylic Acid-Induced Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Changes Triggered Water Deficit Tolerance in Syzygium cumini L. Saplings

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12040491 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 491

Author(s):

Zikria Zafar ◽

Fahad Rasheed ◽

Rana Muhammad Atif ◽

Muhammad Maqsood ◽

Oliver Gailing

Keyword(s):

Salicylic Acid ◽

Water Stress ◽

Gas Exchange ◽

Soil Water ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Soil Water Deficit ◽

Water Stress Tolerance

Fruit tree culture is at the brink of disaster in arid to semi-arid regions due to low water availability. A pot experiment was carried out to analyze whether foliar application of salicylic acid (SA) can improve water stress tolerance in Syzygiumcumini. Saplings were subjected to control (CK, 90% of field capacity, FC), medium stress (MS, 60% of FC) and high stress (HS, 30% of FC) along with foliar application of 0.5 and 1.0 mM of SA. Results showed that soil water deficit significantly decreased leaf, stem and total dry weight, leaf gas exchange attributes and chlorophyll a, b. However, root dry weight and root/shoot ratio increased under MS and HS, respectively. Contrarily, foliar application of SA significantly improved chlorophyll a, b, leaf gas exchange attributes, and dry weight production under soil water deficit. Concentration of oxidants like hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radicals, along with malondialdehyde and electrolyte leakage increased under soil water deficit; however, decreased in plants sprayed with SA due to the increase in the concentration of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase. Results suggest that the foliar application of SA can help improve water stress tolerance in Syzygiumcumini saplings; however, validation of the results under field conditions is necessary.

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Responses of leaf gas exchange attributes, photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzymes in NaCl-stressed cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlings to exogenous glycine betaine and salicylic acid

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-020-02624-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Abdoul Kader Mounkaila Hamani ◽

Guangshuai Wang ◽

Mukesh Kumar Soothar ◽

Xiaojun Shen ◽

Yang Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activity ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Gas Exchange ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽

Relative Water ◽

Leaf Relative Water Content

Abstract Background Application of exogenous glycine betaine (GB) and exogenous salicylic acid (SA) mitigates the adverse effects of salinity. Foliar spraying with exogenous GB or SA alleviates salt stress in plants by increasing leaf gas exchange and stimulating antioxidant enzyme activity. The effects of foliar application of exogenous GB and SA on the physiology and biochemistry of cotton seedlings subjected to salt stress remain unclear. Results Results showed that salt stress of 150 mM NaCl significantly reduced leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence and decreased photosynthetic pigment quantities and leaf relative water content. Foliar spray concentrations of 5.0 mM exogenous GB and 1.0 mM exogenous SA promoted gas exchange and fluorescence in cotton seedlings, increased quantities of chlorophyll pigments, and stimulated the antioxidant enzyme activity. The foliar spray also increased leaf relative water content and endogenous GB and SA content in comparison with the salt-stressed only control. Despite the salt-induced increase in antioxidant enzyme content, exogenous GB and SA in experimental concentrations significantly increased the activity of glutathione reductase, ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase, and decreased malondialdehyde content under salt stress. Across all experimental foliar spray GB and SA concentrations, the photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (FV/FM) reached a peak at a concentration of 5.0 mM GB. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and FV/FM were positively correlated with chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b content in response to foliar spraying of exogenous GB and SA under salt stress. Conclusions We concluded, from our results, that concentrations of 5.0 mM GB or 1.0 mM SA are optimal choices for mitigating NaCl-induced damage in cotton seedlings because they promote leaf photosynthesis, increase quantities of photosynthetic pigments, and stimulate antioxidant enzyme activity. Among, 5.0 mM GB and 1.0 mM SA, the best performance in enhancing endogenous GB and SA concentrations was obtained with the foliar application of 1.0 mM SA under salt stress.

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Effects of atmospheric CO2 enrichment and root restriction on leaf gas exchange and growth of banana (Musa)

Physiologia Plantarum ◽

10.1034/j.1399-3054.1996.970408.x ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 97 (4) ◽

pp. 685-693

Author(s):

B. Schaffer ◽

C. Searle ◽

A. W. Whiley ◽

R. J. Nissen

Keyword(s):

Gas Exchange ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Co2 Enrichment ◽

Atmospheric Co2 ◽

Root Restriction

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The Effects of Drought on Leaf Gas Exchange and Growth of Three Species of Herbaceous Perennials

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.540a ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 540a-540

Author(s):

K.J. Prevete ◽

R.T. Fernandez

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Stomatal Conductance ◽

Gas Exchange ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

Transpiration Rate ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Gas Analysis ◽

Herbaceous Perennials ◽

Effects Of Drought ◽

Analysis System

Three species of herbaceous perennials were tested on their ability to withstand and recover from drought stress periods of 2, 4, and 6 days. Eupatorium rugosum and Boltonia asteroides `Snowbank' were chosen because of their reported drought intolerance, while Rudbeckia triloba was chosen based on its reported drought tolerance. Drought stress began on 19 Sept. 1997. Plants were transplanted into the field the day following the end of each stress period. The effects of drought on transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and net photosynthetic rate were measured during the stress and throughout recovery using an infrared gas analysis system. Leaf gas exchange measurements were taken through recovery until there were no differences between the stressed plants and the control plants. Transpiration, stomatal conductance, and photosynthesis of Rudbeckia and Boltonia were not affected until 4 days after the start of stress. Transpiration of Eupatorium decreased after 3 days of stress. After rewatering, leaf gas exchange of Boltonia and Rudbeckia returned to non-stressed levels quicker than Eupatorium. Growth measurements were taken every other day during stress, and then weekly following transplanting. Measurements were taken until a killing frost that occurred on 3 Nov. There were no differences in the growth between the stressed and non-stressed plants in any of the species. Plants will be monitored throughout the winter, spring, and summer to determine the effects of drought on overwintering capability and regrowth.

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