The role of extrinsic factors in industrial task-specific uncertainty

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 78-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario O. Valdez ◽  
Edward P. Morse
Keyword(s):  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Industrial Task

Role of Vajraka Taila in the management of Vrana

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjit Singh ◽  
Upasana Priya ◽  
Mahesh Chand Purvya
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
External Application ◽  
Major Aspect

In today’s busy and fast life more people are living with conditions that increase their susceptibility to traumatic wounds, due to one or the other cause; thereby taking a heavy toll of life. As per Ayurveda, these type of wounds, which are caused by extrinsic factors are known as Sadyovrana. The major aspect of the management of the traumatic wounds is prevention of the infection, speedy healing, reducing pain, discharge and less discoloration after healing. In Ayurveda, various formulations for debridement are mentioned such as Kwaatha, Kalka, Churna, Rasakriya, Varti, Taila and Ghrita depending on the Avastha of Vrana. In the present study use of Vajraka Taila for external application, has been chosen. Total 30 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected and the treatment was given for 15 days. The study showed that Vajraka Taila is very effective in Vrana.

The Role of Using Information Communication Technology in the Motivation of Moroccan English Department Students during COVID-19 Quarantine

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 22-47
Author(s):  
Mohamed Benhima ◽  
Youssef Benabderrazik
Keyword(s):  
Distance Education ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Information Communication Technology ◽  
English Department ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Depth Data ◽  
Motivating Factor

The current study aims to investigate the role of using Information Communication Technology in motivating Moroccan English Department Students to learn during COVID-19 quarantine that lasted from the mid of March to the mid of July. Distance education or emergency remote instruction has become the standard way of teaching and learning during COVID-19. Hence, many universities have started uploading their lesson materials to different platforms. However, many students feel unmotivated to learn using ICT. To prove this hypothesis, a questionnaire in Google Forms was submitted to 114 students from some Moroccan English Department students to investigate the motivating and demotivating factors behind using ICT. Both open and closed-ended questions were used. Moreover, a focus group on the topic of motivation during distance education was conducted for more in-depth data. The results revealed that the most highly motivating factor behind using ICT to learn is attributed to extrinsic factors, whereas the demotivating factors are about lack and weakness of connection and lack of orientation. It is highly recommended that educational administrators and authorities respond to students’ needs.

Understanding Individual Learning for Organizational Learning

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (15) ◽  
pp. 791-795
Author(s):  
Rajendra Paul
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Learning ◽  
Cognitive Learning ◽  
Individual Learning ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Abstract Concept ◽  
Feedback Environment ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Intrinsic And Extrinsic Factors

Suitable application of the knowledge about individual learning to develop organizational learning processes is the focus and scope of this paper. Organization is an abstract concept. Consequently, organizational learning depends to a large extent on the learning by individual employees. Cognitive learning is treated in greater detail than physical learning, although the two often occur and are treated simultaneously. The attributes of the individual learning process discussed here include intrinsic and extrinsic factors like motivation, feedback, environment, social influences, and role of emotions.

scholarly journals The Effect of Extrinsic Factors on the Mechanical Behavior and Structure of Elastic Dental Ligatures and Chains

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Kata Csekő ◽  
Péter Maróti ◽  
Zsuzsanna Helyes ◽  
Roland Told ◽  
Fanni Riegler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Force Decay ◽  
Plaque Control ◽  
Lower Tensile Strength ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Surface Changes

Force provided by elastomers used in orthodontics can be affected by several factors present in the oral cavity. The aim of our study was to investigate the role of mouthwashes, toothbrushing, and smoking in the force decay of such elastomers. Tensile strength, changes in the force continuously exerted, and force decay of elastic chains (Ortho Organizer and Masel Short Power Chain) and elastic ligatures (Dentaurum and Masel) by two separate manufacturers were measured. Measurements were initially made on untreated elastics, followed by exposure to different environmental factors including cigarette smoke, toothbrushing (mechanical plaque control), and two different mouthwashes (chemical plaque control). Changes on the surface of the elastics were studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Untreated Masel elastic ligature showed lower tensile strength than Dentaurum elastic ligature (2339 cN vs. 3660 cN), while significantly higher tensile strength was measured for Ortho Organizer elastic chains than Masel chains (2639 cN vs. 1324 cN). The decrease in the elastic force of Masel ligature was greater in response to all external factors compared to Dentaurum. Although brushing with toothpaste and toothbrush impacted the force of both Masel and Ortho organizer ligatures negatively, force degradation was more apparent in the case of the Ortho organizer. Surface changes were more visible when applying Curasept mouthrinse, however force decay was higher in the Corsodyl group. Mechanical and chemical plaque control can influence the tensile strength and force decay of orthodontic elastomers, which should be considered by selecting the elastomers or determining their changing interval for the practice.

scholarly journals Microplastics in Invasive Freshwater Mussels (Dreissena sp.): Spatiotemporal Variation and Occurrence With Chemical Contaminants

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Hoellein ◽  
Catherine Rovegno ◽  
Amy V. Uhrin ◽  
Ed Johnson ◽  
Carlie Herring
Keyword(s):  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Mussel Tissue ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Chemical Contaminants ◽  
Quagga Mussels ◽  
Dreissenid Mussels ◽  
Adjacent Site

Invasive zebra and quagga mussels (Dreissena spp.) in the Great Lakes of North America are biomonitors for chemical contaminants, but are also exposed to microplastics (<5 mm). Little research has examined in situ microplastic ingestion by dreissenid mussels, or the relationship between microplastics and chemical contaminants. We measured microplastics and chemical contaminants in mussel tissue from Milwaukee Harbor (Lake Michigan, United States) harvested from reference locations and sites influenced by wastewater effluent and urban river discharge. Mussels were deployed in cages in the summer of 2018, retrieved after 30 and 60 days, sorted by size class, and analyzed for microplastics and body burdens of three classes of contaminants: alkylphenols, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and petroleum biomarkers. Microplastics in mussels were higher in the largest mussels at the wastewater-adjacent site after 30 days deployment. However, there was no distinction among sites for microplastics in smaller mussels, and no differences among sites after 60 days of deployment. Microplastics and chemical contaminants in mussels were not correlated. Microplastics have a diversity of intrinsic and extrinsic factors which influence their ingestion, retention, and egestion by mussels, and which vary relative to chemicals. While dreissenid mussels may not serve as plastic pollution biomonitors like they can for chemical contaminants, microplastics in dreissenid mussels are widespread, variable, and have unknown effects on physiology, mussel-mediated ecosystem processes, and lake food webs. These data will inform our understanding of the spatial distribution of microplastics in urban freshwaters, the role of dreissenid mussels in plastic budgets, and models for the fate of plastic pollution.

scholarly journals Her9/Hes4 is required for retinal photoreceptor development, maintenance, and survival

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cagney E. Coomer ◽  
Stephen G. Wilson ◽  
Kayla F. Titialii-Torres ◽  
Jessica D. Bills ◽  
Laura A. Krueger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marginal Zone ◽  
Rod Photoreceptor ◽  
Lineage Specification ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Helix Loop Helix ◽  
Retinal Photoreceptor ◽  
Vertebrate Photoreceptor ◽  
Photoreceptor Development ◽  
Ciliary Marginal Zone

AbstractThe intrinsic and extrinsic factors that regulate vertebrate photoreceptor specification and differentiation are complex, and our understanding of all the players is far from complete. Her9, the zebrafish ortholog of human HES4, is a basic helix-loop-helix-orange (bHLH-O) transcriptional repressor that regulates neurogenesis in several developmental contexts. We have previously shown that her9 is upregulated during chronic rod photoreceptor degeneration and regeneration in adult zebrafish, but little is known about the role of her9 during retinal development. To better understand the function of Her9 in the retina, we generated zebrafish her9 CRISPR mutants. Her9 homozygous mutants displayed striking retinal phenotypes, including decreased numbers of rods and red/green cones, whereas blue and UV cones were relatively unaffected. The reduction in rods and red/green cones correlated with defects in photoreceptor subtype lineage specification. The remaining rods and double cones displayed abnormally truncated outer segments, and elevated levels of apoptosis. In addition to the photoreceptor defects, her9 mutants also possessed a reduced proliferative ciliary marginal zone, and decreased and disorganized Müller glia. Mutation of her9 was larval lethal, with no mutants surviving past 13 days post fertilization. Our results reveal a previously undescribed role for Her9/Hes4 in photoreceptor differentiation, maintenance, and survival.

scholarly journals Pathogen-Induced Epigenetic Modifications in Cancers: Implications for Prevention, Detection and Treatment of Cancers in Africa

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6051
Author(s):  
Alexandra Lindsey Djomkam Zune ◽  
Charles Ochieng’ Olwal ◽  
Kesego Tapela ◽  
Oloche Owoicho ◽  
Nora Nghochuzie Nganyewo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epigenetic Modifications ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Cancer Epigenetics ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Epigenetic Patterns

Cancer is a major public health burden worldwide. Tumor formation is caused by multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Many reports have demonstrated a positive correlation between the burden of infectious pathogens and the occurrence of cancers. However, the mechanistic link between pathogens and cancer development remains largely unclear and is subject to active investigations. Apart from somatic mutations that have been widely linked with various cancers, an appreciable body of knowledge points to alterations of host epigenetic patterns as key triggers for cancer development. Several studies have associated various infectious pathogens with epigenetic modifications. It is therefore plausible to assume that pathogens induce carcinogenesis via alteration of normal host epigenetic patterns. Thus, Africa with its disproportionate burden of infectious pathogens is threatened by a dramatic increase in pathogen-mediated cancers. To curb the potential upsurge of such cancers, a better understanding of the role of tropical pathogens in cancer epigenetics could substantially provide resources to improve cancer management among Africans. Therefore, this review discusses cancer epigenetic studies in Africa and the link between tropical pathogens and cancer burden. In addition, we discuss the potential mechanisms by which pathogens induce cancers and the opportunities and challenges of tropical pathogen-induced epigenetic changes for cancer prevention, detection and management.

scholarly journals Control of Foodborne Biological Hazards by Ionizing Radiations

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 878
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tanveer Munir ◽  
Michel Federighi
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Regulatory Status ◽  
Consumer Values ◽  
Ionizing Radiations ◽  
Irradiation Process ◽  
Food Safety And Quality

Ionization radiations are used to ensure food safety and quality. This irradiation process uses ions of beta or gamma rays to inactivate or destroy the food spoilage pests, microorganisms and their toxins without significantly increasing the temperature of the treated product. Meanwhile, various intrinsic and extrinsic factors are involved in determining the efficacy of ionization irradiation against these organisms. Therefore, the dose of radiations is recommended according to the type of irradiation, substrate and microorganisms. However, controversies are surrounding the use of irradiations in the food industry due to a negative perception of irradiations. This manuscript described the use of ionization radiations to control the foodborne biological hazards and increase shelf life. Firstly, the characteristics and mode of action of irradiations were discussed. Secondly, the role of extrinsic and intrinsic factors influencing the radioresistance of biological hazards were elaborated. This literature review also detailed the differential effects of irradiations on different microorganisms and pests having a role in food safety and deterioration. Finally, the regulatory status and the consumer values along with the controversies surrounding the use of ionization irradiations in the food sector were explained.

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