Canine gastrointestinal parasites as a potential source of zoonotic infections in Nigeria: a nationwide survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 105385
Author(s):  
Joshua Kamani ◽  
Luca Massetti ◽  
Toyin Olubade ◽  
Jimmy A. Balami ◽  
Kennedy M. Samdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Zoonotic Infections ◽  
Potential Source

scholarly journals A study on the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in carnivores and its potential implications on human health

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gospel Vandir ◽  
Lalrinkimi Pangamte ◽  
Angshuman Tariang ◽  
Sushanto Gouda
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Acute Lung Inflammation ◽  
Zoonotic Infections ◽  
Tiger Reserve ◽  
Surrounding Landscape ◽  
The Brain

Zoonoses contribute an estimated 75% of new or re-emerging infectious diseases in humans with Covid-19 being the latest addition. Carnivores act as definitive hosts and reservoirs for several endoparasites with varied effects on human health. These interactions are fluctuating and adaptive, changing in response to various biotic and abiotic conditions. With the development of ‘One health movement’ more focus has been laid on zoonotic infections and their management. The present study showed that carnivores of Dampa Tiger Reserve (DTR) are host to several infectious parasites with a prevalence rate of 90.47%. Families like Felidae, Canidae, and Viverridae were found to host the maximum number of parasites. The parasite Paragonimus spp. were recorded to be present in the highest number (33 nos.) of scat samples followed by <i>Strongyle spp</i>. (27 nos.), <i>Ascaris lumbricoides</i> (23 nos.), and <i>Isospora spp</i>. (19 nos.). These parasites are known to infect humans through different modes like faecal-oral route, uncooked meat, fishes, and contaminated water and induced health implications like inflammatory in the brain, bronchitis, covert toxocariasis, acute lung inflammation etc. As the surrounding landscape of DTR continuous to shrink and humans are more prone to these parasites through their daily activities and lifestyle, the study will be crucial for providing a platform for future epidemiological study and diseases management in the region.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Swine Gastrointestinal Parasites in Nyagatare District, Rwanda

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
M. Tumusiime ◽  
P. Ntampaka ◽  
F. Niragire ◽  
T. Sindikubwabo ◽  
F. Habineza
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pig Production ◽  
Zoonotic Infections

While pig farming has been growing rapidly in Rwanda, its potential contribution to the prevalence of zoonotic infections is not well known. Pig production is usually affected by gastrointestinal parasites, some of which are zoonotic and can threaten human health. The knowledge about the status of such infections is essential for policy decisions and interventions. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of swine gastrointestinal parasites in Nyagatare district, Rwanda. A cross-sectional study involved collecting 104 faecal samples from apparently healthy pigs. The floatation technique was used to identify the parasites and frequency distribution analysis, and Pearson chi-square tests of association were conducted for this study data. Overall, the prevalence of swine gastrointestinal parasites was 84.6%, and the predominant species were Strongyle-type helminths representing 70.2%, followed by coccidia (55.8%), Strongyloides ransomi (39.4%), and Ascaris suum (10.6%). Of all parasitized pigs ( n = 88 ), 84.1% developed coinfections involving 2, 3, or 4 different parasite species. The results showed a statistically significant correlation between the location of pigs and parasitic infections and that some prevalent parasites are zoonotic. Interventions among pig farmers in Nyagatare should aim to improve awareness and to provide information on the negative impacts of swine gastrointestinal parasites on pig production and human health.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Some Intestinal Parasites in Stray Dogs From Tetova, Fyr Macedonia

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Abdilazis Llokmani ◽  
Dhimitër Rapti
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Zoonotic Infections ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Zoonotic Parasites

Stray dogs are a reservoir of intestinal parasites and a source of infection for pet dog owners. Some parasites, including hookworms and roundworms, are zoonotic parasites. This means they can easily be transmitted from pets to humans. The present study aims to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in stray dogs located in Tetova, FYR Macedonia region between February to April 2017. A total of 60 samples were examined by centrifugation-flotation methods. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites were 0,40%, 0,13%, 0,08%, and 0,01% for Ancylostoma spp., Trichuris vulpis , Toxocara canis and Coccidia respectively. Stray dogs are associated with a high risk of infection. Also, the periodic laboratory tests can confirm this. The information received from this present study may be useful in the designing of control programs. It was also used in educating the dogs’ owners about public health issues of dog keeping, hence reducing the risks associated with zoonotic infections.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites and Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Captive Ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) in Trinidad, West Indies

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Alissa Bally ◽  
Stacy Francis-Charles ◽  
Tariq Ackbar ◽  
Yadel Beharrylal ◽  
Roxanne Charles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Leopardus Pardalis ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Faecal Samples

This study was conducted from November 2010 to June 2011 to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites and the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in captive ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) in Trinidad. Faecal samples were collected and analyzed using faecal flotation to identify helminth ova and protozoan cysts and oocysts. Serum samples from captive ocelots were screened for T. gondii using a latex agglutination test kit. Of the 19 ocelots examined, the most prevalent parasites noted were ova of ascarids, strongyles, and Capillaria spp. The serum of three of the 13 (23.1%) ocelots tested was positive for T. gondii antibodies. These ocelots are therefore a potential source of T. gondii infection to both humans and other animals. This is the first documented report of endoparasites in local captive ocelots within Trinidad and provides useful data to support further research of the captive and wild populations.

scholarly journals Prevalence of single and mixed parasitic infections of dogs in Egbeda communities, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
G.A. Ojo ◽  
T.A. Adekeye ◽  
H.O. Awobode
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Zoonotic Infections ◽  
Ctenocephalides Canis ◽  
Dog Owners

Dogs harbour a wide array of parasites and have been implicated in the transmission of zoonotic diseases to humans. In a community-based cross-sectional study, 292 dogs and 241 dog owners were examined for parasites in urban and rural communities of Egbeda Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria. A questionnaire was used to obtain socio-demographic information of dog owners and identify possible risk factors. Ectoparasites were collected from dog fur and preserved in 70% alcohol before identification. Freshly passed stools from dogs and their owners were collected and examined for intestinal parasites by modified sucrose floatation technique. Ectoparasites were present on 199 (68.2%) dogs, while 239 (81.8%) had intestinal parasites. Six ectoparasite species identified were Ctenocephalides canis (5.5%), C. felis (39.7%), Rhipicephalus sanguineus (51.3%), Haemaphysalis leachii (48.9), Trichodectes canis (2.1%) and Linognathus spp (1.7%). Gastrointestinal parasites identified in dogs wereToxocara canis (55.8%), Ascaris spp (36%), Ancylostoma spp (40.1%), Trichuris spp (7.5%), Isospora spp (14.4%) and Toxascaris leonina (15.1%). Prevalence of gastrointestinal as well as ectoparasites were higher in rural communities with more mongrels infected compared to exotic breeds (p < 0.001). Ascaris lumbricoides, Ancyclostoma spp and Trichuris spp were identified in 99 (41.1%) of the dog owners. There was a significant relationship (r=0.36, p < 0.001) between the prevalence of infection in dogs and their owners. Most (75%) of the dog owners were aware only of the possibility of contracting rabies but not other zoonotic parasitic infections from their dogs. The high prevalence of gastrointestinal and ectoparasites of dogs in these communities suggests a very high risk of parasite transmission among dogs, their owners and other inhabitants of the community. The need for intervention programs including regular anti-parasitic treatment of dogs and health education which emphasizes the dangers of zoonotic infections in these communities is imperative. Keywords: Dog owners, Ectoparasites, Gastrointestinal parasites, Urban and Rural dogs, Zoonoses

How SIMS microscopy can be used in medicine

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1602-1603
Author(s):  
Philippe Fragu
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Secondary Ion ◽  
Chemical Integrity ◽  
Scientific Endeavour

The identification, localization and quantification of intracellular chemical elements is an area of scientific endeavour which has not ceased to develop over the past 30 years. Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) microscopy is widely used for elemental localization problems in geochemistry, metallurgy and electronics. Although the first commercial instruments were available in 1968, biological applications have been gradual as investigators have systematically examined the potential source of artefacts inherent in the method and sought to develop strategies for the analysis of soft biological material with a lateral resolution equivalent to that of the light microscope. In 1992, the prospects offered by this technique are even more encouraging as prototypes of new ion probes appear capable of achieving the ultimate goal, namely the quantitative analysis of micron and submicron regions. The purpose of this review is to underline the requirements for biomedical applications of SIMS microscopy.Sample preparation methodology should preserve both the structural and the chemical integrity of the tissue.

The Anatomy of Fraud: Report of a Nationwide Survey

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Titus ◽  
Fred Heinzelmann ◽  
John M. Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Nationwide Survey

Strengthening the Independenceof the Attorneys’ community in Russia: The Demand of the Population and Business, Human capital, and Professional Associations

2015 ◽  
pp. 89-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kazun
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Plea Bargaining ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
Previous Experience ◽  
Legal Services ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Dependent Position

The article analyzes social and economic factors that provide Russian attorneys an opportunity to compensate the institutional weakness of their profession, to protect the independency and effectively defend the interests of the clients. As an indicator of dependent position of attorney we use the proportion of cases with plea bargaining. Using the date of representative nationwide survey of 3317 attorneys in Russia we conclude that the independence of attorney is associated with‘resources for confrontation’: previous experience, client’s demand for legal services, communication with colleagues and membership in professional associations.

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