The Hydropower Potential Assessment Tool (HPAT): Evaluation of run-of-river resource potential for any global land area and application to Falls Creek, Oregon, USA

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 492-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Mosier ◽  
Kendra V. Sharp ◽  
David F. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Hydropower Potential ◽  
Global Land ◽  
Run Of River

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Bioenergy Crop Impacts on Water Quality Using Static and Dynamic Land Use Change Modeling Approach

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eeshan Kumar ◽  
Dharmendra Saraswat ◽  
Gurdeep Singh
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
State Agency ◽  
Bioenergy Crops ◽  
Marginal Land ◽  
Cache River ◽  
Land Area

Researchers and federal and state agency officials have long been interested in evaluating location-specific impact of bioenergy energy crops on water quality for developing policy interventions. This modeling study examines long-term impact of giant miscanthus and switchgrass on water quality in the Cache River Watershed (CRW) in Arkansas, United States. The bioenergy crops were simulated on marginal lands using two variants of a Soil and Watershed Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The first SWAT variant was developed using a static (single) land-use layer (regular-SWAT) and for the second, a dynamic land-use change feature was used with multiple land use layers (location-SWAT). Results indicated that the regular-SWAT predicted larger losses for sediment, total phosphorus and total nitrogen when compared to location-SWAT at the watershed outlet. The lower predicted losses from location-SWAT were attributed to its ability to vary marginal land area between 3% and 11% during the 20-year modeling period as opposed to the regular-SWAT that used a fixed percentage of marginal land area (8%) throughout the same period. Overall, this study demonstrates that environmental impacts of bioenergy crops were better assessed using the dynamic land-use representation approach, which would eliminate any unintended prediction bias in the model due to the use of a single land use layer.

scholarly journals Nepal’s Water Resources: Blessing or Curse ?

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Rabindra Bahadur Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Flood Hazards ◽  
Hydroelectric Project ◽  
Hydropower Potential ◽  
Democratic Nation ◽  
Economic Growth Rates ◽  
Run Of River

For half a century, Nepal has been chanting the ‘Mantra’ of 83,000 MW hydropower potential. When Nepal was in its childhood as a young democratic nation in the 1950s, India, with its vast ‘experience’ under the British colonial rule (colonial mindset), extracted lop-sided agreements on the Koshi, Gandaki and Mahakali rivers.Whereas India irrigates 12,200,000 acres of land, flood mitigates flood hazards and benefits from other intangible benefits. Nepal gets a meager 160,000 acres irrigation facility (1.3 percent of total irrigation benefits) from these unequivocal biased agreements. The adverse social and ecological impacts in Nepal are unaccounted for.Such water resource agreements have resulted in the sad present-day plight of Nepal: social life and industries are in total disarray with dismally low economic growth rates (GDP) forcing millions of Nepalese to seek employment abroad.Before it gets out of hand, India’s direct/indirect domination over Nepal’s water resources and politics should end, so that Nepal can develop its economy and hydropower in peace.Nepal should first develop run-of-river projects as per the modality of 456 MW Upper Tamakoshi Hydroelectric Project (cost 1000 US$/kWh) and medium size storage hydropower projects (140 MW Tanahu). Muddling with large storage projects like 1200 MW Budhi Gandaki HEP will only further delay the execution of RoR projects. NEA’s technical capability should be improved to build and oversee hydropower projects and INPS.HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water, Energy and EnvironmentIssue: 19Page: 11- 15

Study on Environmental Materials with the Influence of Soil Carbon of Temperate Forests along an Altitude Gradient

2013 ◽  
Vol 676 ◽  
pp. 89-92
Author(s):  
Qiu Xiang Tian ◽  
Hong Bo He ◽  
Xu Dong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Altitude Gradient ◽  
The North ◽  
Environmental Materials ◽  
Global Land ◽  
Global Soil ◽  
Global Carbon

Forests cover 30% of global land area and maintain 73% of global soil carbon which is important to the global carbon cycle. In forest ecosystem, climate was expected to affect the quality and quantity of environmental materials (detritus) inputs to soil and soil chemical and physical processes which then affected carbon storage technically. Thus, altitude provided a wonderful site for this environmental research. We collected five soils along the altitudinal gradient on the Changbai Mountain in the North Temperate Zone to analyze the soil properties and carbon content. The results showed the highest SOC content was observed at lowest altitude for the larger plants residues (environmental materials). Except the lowest altitude, the amount of SOC increased with altitude for the low decomposition under the cold temperature. Multiple environmental factors (such as soil type, topography and vegetation) were thought to regulate SOC technically.

scholarly journals Hydrologic modeling of a Himalayan mountain basin by using the SWAT mode

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharad K. Jain ◽  
Sanjay K. Jain ◽  
Neha Jain ◽  
Chong-Yu Xu
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Hydrologic Response ◽  
Water Balance Components ◽  
Daily Streamflow ◽  
Hydropower Potential ◽  
Himalayan Mountain

Abstract. A large population depends on runoff from Himalayan rivers which have high hydropower potential; floods in these rivers are also frequent. Current understanding of hydrologic response mechanism of these rivers and impact of climate change is inadequate due to limited studies. This paper presents results of modeling to understand the hydrologic response and compute the water balance components of a Himalayan river basin in India viz. Ganga up to Devprayag. Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was applied for simulation of the snow/rainfed catchment. SWAT was calibrated with daily streamflow data for 1992–98 and validated with data for 1999–2005. Manual calibration was carried out to determine model parameters and quantify uncertainty. Results indicate good simulation of streamflow; main contribution to water yield is from lateral and ground water flow. Water yield and ET for the catchments varies between 43–46 % and 57–58 % of precipitation, respectively. The contribution of snowmelt to lateral runoff for Ganga River ranged between 13–20 %. More attention is needed to strengthen spatial and temporal hydrometeorological database for the study basins for improved modeling.

scholarly journals Glaciological activities in the Johan Dahl Land area, South Greenland, as a basis for mapping hydropower potential

1984 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 113-121
Author(s):  
P Clement
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Joint Project ◽  
Hydropower Potential ◽  
Glacier Dynamics ◽  
Hydropower Production ◽  
Field Season ◽  
Inland Ice

Along the margin of the Inland Ice several basins have been proposed as possibie areas for hydropower production (ACG/VBB, 1975). ane of the most promising localities was (and still is) the Nordbosø basin in Johan Dahl Land, South Greenland. With a mean annual runoff from Nordbosø of 140 million m3 and a powerhead of 640 m, an annual production of approximately 200 GWh would result (ACG/VBB, 1980). In the Nordbosø basin Nordbogletscher is the main water source, as ablation from the glacier contributes with 60-70% of the annual runoff. An understanding of the glaciological conditions including mass balance, glacier dynamics, drainage of ice-dammed lakes, and climate-ablation relationships, is essential for the whole project. In a joint project with the Greenland Fisheries Investigations (environmental studies) and the Greenland Technical Organization (engineering and hydrological studies), GGU is responsibie for the glaciological work, and in the 1983 field season the glaciological investigations were continued for the sixth year. The project is supported by the Danish Ministry of Energy.

Unruly Mountains: Hydropower assemblages and geological surprises in the Indian Himalayas

2021 ◽  
pp. 251484862110507
Author(s):  
Saumya Vaishnava ◽  
Jennifer Baka
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Object ◽  
Project Development ◽  
Institutional Response ◽  
Hydropower Development ◽  
Policy Documents ◽  
Hydropower Potential ◽  
Indian Himalayas ◽  
Run Of River

Despite a decades long push to develop what is seen as the vast untapped hydropower potential of the Indian Himalayas, hydropower capacity addition has been delayed and become increasingly expensive in India. Policy documents cite “poor” geology as a major reason for these delays. As hydropower in the form of run-of-river projects expand into the Himalayas, their construction activities encounter poor geology more frequently. This paper analyses hydropower development as an assemblage and examines how risk, especially geological risk, is negotiated to allow hydropower development to continue in the Indian Himalayas. We show how the category of “geological surprises” emerges as an institutional response to the problems of run-of-river based hydropower development in a seismically vulnerable landscape. We further show how “geological surprises” act as a boundary object between hydropower policy, project development, infrastructural finance, and hydropower knowledge, allowing for cooperation and negotiation, to allow hydropower development to continue in the geologically complex Himalayas.

scholarly journals Global climate shift in 1970s causes a significant worldwide increase in precipitation extremes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Subharthi Sarkar ◽  
Rajib Maity
Keyword(s):  
Daily Precipitation ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Precipitation Extremes ◽  
Annual Maximum ◽  
Arctic Amplification ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Global Land ◽  
Spatial Redistribution ◽  
Heat And Moisture Transport ◽  
Heat And Moisture

AbstractThe shift in climate regimes around 1970s caused an overall enhancement of precipitation extremes across the globe with a specific spatial distribution pattern. We used gridded observational-reanalysis precipitation dataset and two important extreme precipitation measures, namely Annual Maximum Daily Precipitation (AMDP) and Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP). AMDP is reported to increase for almost two-third of the global land area. The variability of AMDP is found to increase more than its mean that eventually results in increased PMP almost worldwide, less near equator and maximum around mid-latitudes. Continent-wise, such increase in AMDP and PMP is true for all continents except some parts of Africa. The zone-wise analysis (dividing the globe into nine precipitation zones) reveals that zones of ‘moderate precipitation’ and ‘moderate seasonality’ exhibit the maximum increases in PMP. Recent increased in pole-ward heat and moisture transport as a result of Arctic Amplification may be associated with such spatial redistribution of precipitation extremes in the northern hemisphere.

Comment on “The global tree restoration potential”

Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 366 (6469) ◽  
pp. eaaz0111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew K. Skidmore ◽  
Tiejun Wang ◽  
Kees de Bie ◽  
Petter Pilesjö
Keyword(s):  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Global Land ◽  
Restoration Potential

Bastin et al. (Reports, 5 July 2019, p. 76) claim that 205 gigatonnes of carbon can be globally sequestered by restoring 0.9 billion hectares of forest and woodland canopy cover. Reinterpreting the data from Bastin et al., we show that the global land area actually required to sequester human-emitted CO2 is at least a factor of 3 higher, representing an unrealistically large area.

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