Clinical Characteristics of and Risk Factors for Small Airway Dysfunction Detected by Impulse Oscillometry

2021 ◽  
pp. 106681
Author(s):  
Jieqi Peng ◽  
Fan Wu ◽  
Heshen Tian ◽  
Huajing Yang ◽  
Youlan Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Small Airway ◽  
Impulse Oscillometry

scholarly journals Epidemiological characteristics, clinical characteristics, and prognostic factors of children with atopy hospitalised with adenovirus pneumonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao Li ◽  
Xiao-Hua Han ◽  
Li-Yun Liu ◽  
Hui-Sheng Yao ◽  
Li-Li Yi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Small Airway ◽  
Personal History ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Radiological Changes ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Background Atopy may be associated with disease severity and a poor prognosis of human adenovirus (HAdV) pneumonia in children. Our aim was to observe the clinical characteristics and pulmonary radiological changes in children with atopy and HAdV pneumonia in China. Methods Children hospitalised with HAdV pneumonia from June 2018 to December 2019 were analysed. All children were divided into atopic with HAdV, non-atopic with HAdV, and atopic without HAdV infection group. Each group was further divided into the mild and severe pneumonia groups according to disease severity. Standard treatment was initiated after admission, and regular follow-up evaluations were conducted at 1 month after discharge. Baseline and clinical characteristics and pulmonary radiological changes in children with and without atopy were evaluated. Risk factors associated with small airway lesions in patients with HAdV pneumonia were analysed. Results The eosinophil count in the atopic group was significantly higher than that in the non-atopic group (P < 0.05). Severe coughing, wheezing, and small airway lesions on chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) upon admission, after discharge and 1 month after discharge were significantly higher in the atopic group (with or without HAdV infection) than in the non-atopic group (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in the number of patients with wheezing and small airway lesions during hospitalisation and after discharge among the three groups (P < 0.05). The risks of small airway lesions in children with a family or personal history of asthma, severe infection, atopy, and HAdV infection were 2.1-, 2.7-, 1.9-, 2.1-, and 1.4-times higher than those in children without these characteristics, respectively. Conclusions Children with atopy and HAdV pneumonia may experience severe coughing in mild cases and wheezing in mild and severe cases. Children with atopy are more susceptible to the development of small airway lesions, recurrent wheezing after discharge and slower recovery of small airway lesions as observed on pulmonary imaging than non-atopic children after HAdV infection. A family or personal history of asthma, atopy, severe infection, and HAdV infection are independent risk factors associated with the development of small airway lesion as observed on chest HRCT.

COVID-19 in Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prevalence, Risk Factors, Clinical Characteristics, and Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Alejandro Gómez-Ochoa ◽  
Oscar H. Franco ◽  
Lyda Z. Rojas ◽  
Sandra Lucrecia Romero Guevara ◽  
Luis Eduardo Echeverría ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Meta Analysis

scholarly journals Impulse oscillometry for detection of small airway dysfunction in subjects with chronic respiratory symptoms and preserved pulmonary function

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang-Yuan Li ◽  
Tian-Sheng Yan ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
Yu-Qi Li ◽  
Lin-Xi Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Small Airway ◽  
Impulse Oscillometry ◽  
Additional Method ◽  
Cutoff Values ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Abstract Background Subjects with chronic respiratory symptoms and preserved pulmonary function (PPF) may have small airway dysfunction (SAD). As the most common means to detect SAD, spirometry needs good cooperation and its reliability is controversial. Impulse oscillometry (IOS) may complete the deficiency of spirometry and have higher sensitivity. We aimed to explore the diagnostic value of IOS to detect SAD in symptomatic subjects with PPF. Methods The evaluation of symptoms, spirometry and IOS results in 209 subjects with chronic respiratory symptoms and PPF were assessed. ROC curves of IOS to detect SAD were analyzed. Results 209 subjects with chronic respiratory symptoms and PPF were included. Subjects who reported sputum had higher R5–R20 and Fres than those who didn’t. Subjects with dyspnea had higher R5, R5–R20 and AX than those without. CAT and mMRC scores correlated better with IOS parameters than with spirometry. R5, R5–R20, AX and Fres in subjects with SAD (n = 42) significantly increased compared to those without. Cutoff values for IOS parameters to detect SAD were 0.30 kPa/L s for R5, 0.015 kPa/L s for R5–R20, 0.30 kPa/L for AX and 11.23 Hz for Fres. Fres has the largest AUC (0.665, P = 0.001) among these parameters. Compared with spirometry, prevalence of SAD was higher when measured with IOS. R5 could detect the most SAD subjects with a prevalence of 60.77% and a sensitivity of 81% (AUC = 0.659, P = 0.002). Conclusion IOS is more sensitive to detect SAD than spirometry in subjects with chronic respiratory symptoms and PPF, and it correlates better with symptoms. IOS could be an additional method for SAD detection in the early stage of diseases.

scholarly journals Necrotizing enterocolitis and the microbiome: Current status and future directions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Thänert ◽  
Eric C Keen ◽  
Gautam Dantas ◽  
Barbara B Warner ◽  
Phillip I Tarr
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Preterm Infant ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorder ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Barrier Integrity ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis

Abstract Decades of research have failed to define the pathophysiology of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a devastating pediatric gastrointestinal disorder of preterm infants. However, recent evidence suggests that host-microbiota interactions, in which microbial dysbiosis is followed by loss of barrier integrity, inflammation, and necrosis, are central to NEC development. Thus, greater knowledge of the preterm infant microbiome could accelerate attempts to diagnose, treat, and prevent NEC. Here, we summarize clinical characteristics of and risk factors for NEC, the structure of the pre-event NEC microbiome, how this community interfaces with host immunology, and microbiome-based approaches that might prevent or lessen the severity of NEC in this very vulnerable population.

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus Keratitis: Incidence, Pathophysiology, Risk Factors and Novel Strategies for Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 758
Author(s):  
Jason W. Lee ◽  
Tobi Somerville ◽  
Stephen B. Kaye ◽  
Vito Romano
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Bacterial Keratitis ◽  
Novel Therapies ◽  
Causative Pathogen ◽  
Novel Treatments

Bacterial keratitis is a devastating condition that can rapidly progress to serious complications if not treated promptly. Certain causative microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are notorious for their resistance to antibiotics. Resistant bacterial keratitis results in poorer outcomes such as scarring and the need for surgical intervention. Thorough understanding of the causative pathogen and its virulence factors is vital for the discovery of novel treatments to avoid further antibiotic resistance. While much has been previously reported on P. aeruginosa, S. aureus has been less extensively studied. This review aims to give a brief overview of S. aureus epidemiology, pathophysiology and clinical characteristics as well as summarise the current evidence for potential novel therapies.

scholarly journals Clinical characteristics and risk factors for mortality in cancer patients with COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junnan Liang ◽  
Guannan Jin ◽  
Tongtong Liu ◽  
Jingyuan Wen ◽  
Ganxun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Clinical Characteristics

Subclinical atherosclerosis in children and adolescents with congenital heart disease

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Silvia M. Cardoso ◽  
Michele Honicky ◽  
Yara M. F. Moreno ◽  
Luiz R. A. de Lima ◽  
Matheus A. Pacheco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Media Thickness

Abstract Background: Subclinical atherosclerosis in childhood can be evaluated by carotid intima-media thickness, which is considered a surrogate marker for atherosclerotic disease in adulthood. The aims of this study were to evaluate carotid intima-media thickness and, to investigate associated factors. Methods: Cross-sectional study with children and adolescents with congenital heart disease (CHD). Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were assessed. Subclinical atherosclerosis was evaluated by carotid intima-media thickness. Cardiovascular risk factors, such as physical activity, screen time, passive smoke, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference, dietary intake, lipid parameters, glycaemia, and C-reactive protein, were also assessed. Factors associated with carotid intima-media thickness were analysed using multiple logistic regression. Results: The mean carotid intima-media thickness was 0.518 mm and 46.7% had subclinical atherosclerosis (carotid intima-media thickness ≥ 97th percentile). After adjusting for confounding factors, cyanotic CHD (odds ratio: 0.40; 95% confidence interval: 0.20; 0.78), cardiac surgery (odds ratio: 3.17; 95% confidence interval: 1.35; 7.48), and be hospitalised to treat infections (odds ratio: 1.92; 95% confidence interval: 1.04; 3.54) were associated with subclinical atherosclerosis. Conclusion: Clinical characteristics related to CHD were associated with subclinical atherosclerosis. This finding suggests that the presence of CHD itself is a risk factor for subclinical atherosclerosis. Therefore, the screen and control of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors should be made early and intensively to prevent atherosclerosis.

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