scholarly journals Cold Plasma: A Potential Alternative for Rice Grain Postharvest Treatment Management in Malaysia

Rice Science ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Mohd Fadthul Ikmal Misnal ◽  
Norizah Redzuan ◽  
Muhamad Nor Firdaus Zainal ◽  
Norhayati Ahmad ◽  
Raja Kamarulzaman Raja Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Plasma ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Treatment Management ◽  
Postharvest Treatment ◽  
Potential Alternative

Prevalence and Induction of Circulating Antibodies against Recombinant Staphylokinase

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (01) ◽  
pp. 129-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
P J Declerck ◽  
S Vanderschueren ◽  
J Billiet ◽  
H Moreau ◽  
D Collen
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Microtiter Plates ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia ◽  
Alternative Agent ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Circulating Antibodies ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Antibody Levels

SummaryStreptokinase (SK) is a routinely used thrombolytic agent but it is immunogenic and allergenic; staphylokinase (STA) is a potential alternative agent which is under early clinical evaluation. The comparative prevalence of antibodies against recombinant STA (STAR) and against SK was studied in healthy subjects and their induction with intravenous administration in small groups of patients.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, using microtiter plates coated with STAR or SK and calibration with affinospecific human antibodies, revealed 2.1 to 65 μg/ml (median 11 μg/ml) anti-STAR antibodies and 0.9 to 370 μg/ml (median 18 μg/ml) anti-SK antibodies (p <0.001 vs anti-STAR antibodies) in plasma from 100 blood donors, with corresponding values of 0.6 to 100 μg/ml (median 7.1 μg/ml) and 0.4 to 120 μg/ml (median 7.3 μg/ml), respectively, in 104 patients with angina pectoris. Three out of 17 patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia had significantly increased anti-STAR antibody levels (150, 75 and 75 μg/ml), and STAR neutralizing activities (2.2, 3.6 and 4.1 μg STAR neutralized per ml plasma, respectively). In 6 patients with acute myocardial infarction, given 10 mg STAR intravenously over 30 min, median anti-STAR antibody levels were 3.5 μg/ml at baseline, 2.9 μg/ml at 6 to 8 days and 1.2 μg/ml at 2 to 9 weeks, with median corresponding titers of STAR neutralizing activity at 2 to 9 weeks of 42 μg/ml plasma. Conversely, in 5 patients treated with 1,500,000 units SK over 60 min, median anti-SK antibodies increased from 2.9 μg/ml at baseline to 360 μg/ml at 5 to 10 days, with corresponding median SK neutralizing activities of 13 μg/ml. Antibodies against STAR did not cross-react with SK and vice versa.Plasma from human subjects contains low levels of circulating antibodies against recombinant staphylokinase, and intravenous administration of this compound boosts antibody titers. These antibodies do however not cross-react with streptokinase, whereby the use of these two immunogenic thrombolytic agents would not be mutually exclusive.

Synthesis of ZnO/ZnFe2O4 nanocomposites in organic-free media and their photocatalytic activity under natural sunlight

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 6801-6810
Author(s):  
Rahmayeni Rahmayeni ◽  
Zulhadjri Zulhadjri ◽  
Yeni Stiadi ◽  
Agusnar Harry ◽  
Syukri Arief
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hexagonal Wurtzite Structure ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Homogeneous Sphere ◽  
Natural Sunlight ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Photocatalytic Activities ◽  
Free Media ◽  
Photocatalytic Applications

Nanocomposite ZnO/ZnFe2O4 photocatalysts with different proportions of ZnFe2O4 were synthesized in organic-free media using metal nitric as precursors. The ZnO phase with hexagonal wurtzite structure and low crystallinity of ZnFe2O4 was confirmed using XRD (X-Ray diffraction). Different morphologies of the nanocomposites were obtained ranging from rice grain-like with a porous surface to homogeneous sphere-like nanoparticles as shown in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and TEM Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) studies. Magnetic properties measured by Visible Sampler Magnetometer (VSM) showed diamagnetic and paramagnetic behavior for the nanocomposites. Analysis with Diffuse Reflectance Spectrophotometer (DRS) UV-vis showed an increase the composition of ferrite in composites increasing its ability to absorb visible light. Photocatalytic activities of ZnO/ZnFe2O4 nanocomposites on the degradation of Rhodamine B dye reached 95.6% after 3 h under natural sunlight suggesting their suitability for sunlight driven photocatalytic applications. 

Implementing the systems approach in rice pest management : India context

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 136-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
RK Tanwar ◽  
S Singh ◽  
SP Singh ◽  
Vikas Kumar Kanwar ◽  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systems Approach ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
National Level ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Basmati Rice ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Integrated Crop Management ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

A basic IPM module for basmati rice as a part of integrated crop management accounting the pest prevalence and the information available from literature has been developed. As the module is location specific and dynamic, therefore needs regular updating and fine tuning depending on the location and pest prevalence. The technology has been successfully validated and implemented during 1998 to 2019 in Pusa Basmati 1, Taraori Basmati, Dehraduni Basmati, Pusa Basmati 1121 in Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand with little modification and fine tuning. Implementation of the technology resulted in increase in rice grain yield i.e., 21.6% in Pusa Basmati 1 at Shikohpur, in Uttar Pradesh 21.5% in Taraori Basmati at Chhajpur in Haryana, 19.5% in Type 3 in Uttarakhand, 14.5 to 22.7% in Pusa Basmati 1121 in Haryana and 38.2% in Pusa Basmati 1121 in Uttar Pradesh over farmer's practices (FP). In all the basmati rice trials, higher yield as well as Benefit - Cost (B-C) ratio was obtained in IPM as compared to FP. Implementation of IPM led to significant reduction in uses of chemical pesticides. In case of IPM, only 1.46 application of chemical pesticides (103.2 g a.i./ha) were undertaken in Pusa Basmati 1121 against 2.8 application in FP (1214.4 g a.i./ha) at Bambawad, Uttar Pradesh. ICAR-NRRI, Cuttack developed and validated IPM module at Sigmapur (Cuttack, Odisha) non-Basmati rice variety Pooja for four kharif seasons i.e 2010-2013 using standard agronomic practices. The trial resulted in an enhancement of 47.1% yield and 26.47 % B-C ratio over FP. Additional income of Rs. 9857/- per ha was also obtained in IPM over FP. On-Farm trial on validation of IPM module in non-Basmati rice (Pooja variety) under semi deep water conditions conducted in 10 ha during rabi 2017 at Nagapur and Basudeipur villages in Khurda district of Odisha resulted in reduction in the incidence of insect pests and diseases with higher population of natural enemies as compared to FP. Rice yield was recorded 5600 kg ha-1 in IPM as against 4900 kg ha-1 in FP. Recently, ICT based e-pest monitoring and advisory has become an important component for area wise implementation of IPM at state and national level. The programme has been successfully implemented in Odisha during 2010 and 2011 under RKVY. Implementation of the programme had resulted successful management of swarming caterpillar in 13 rice growing districts of Odisha during kharif 2010 and 2011.

Arsenic speciation in rice and risk assessment of inorganic arsenic from Ghentugachhi village of Chakdaha block, Nadia, West Bengal, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-93
Author(s):  
B Sinha ◽  
K Bhattacharyya
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Arsenic Speciation ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Species Determination ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
As Species ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

The purpose of the present study was to assess arsenic (As) speciation in rice from West Bengal, India, in order to improve understanding of the health risk posed by arsenic in Indian rice. Rice is a potentially important route of human exposure to arsenic, especially in populations with rice-based diets. However, arsenic toxicity varies greatly with species. Determination of arsenic (As) species in rice is necessary because inorganic As species are more toxic than organic As. Total arsenic was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; arsenite, arsenate, monomethylarsonic acid, and dimethyarsinic acid were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography- inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The analysis of a rice flour certified reference material (SRM-1568-a) were evaluated for quality assurance. The use of 2M TFA for extraction with an isocratic mobile phase was optimized for extraction and employed for arsenic speciation in rice. The extraction method showed a high recovery of arsenic. Most of the As species in rice were noticed to be inorganic [Arsenite (As-III), Arsenate As-V]. It appeared very clear from the present study that inorganic arsenic shared maximum arsenic load in rice straw while in grains it is considerably low. As species recovered from rice grain and straw are principally As-III and As-V with a little share of DMA and almost non-detectable MMA and As-B. The order of As species in rice grain revealed in this study were As-III (54.5-65.4 %)>As-V(21.2-28.3%)>DMA(5.2%).

Respon Morfologis dan Ekspresi Gen Aquaporin pada Padi IR 64 yang Mengalami Cekaman Kekeringan pada Fase Reproduktif (Morphological Responses and Aquaporin Gene Expression in Rice IR64 under Drought Stress at the Reproductive Stage)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Made Pharmawati ◽  
Ni Nyoman Wirasiti ◽  
Luh Putu Wrasiati
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Aquaporin Gene ◽  
Peg Treatment

Abstrak Cekaman kekeringan merupakan faktor pembatas penting bagi pertumbuhan dan produktivitas tanaman termasuk padi.      Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis respon padi IR64 terhadap cekaman kekeringan dengan pemberian polietilen glikol (PEG) pada fase reproduktif.  Penelitian juga bertujuan menganalisis ekspresi gen aquaporin akibat cekaman kekeringan.  Bibit padi ditanam dalam pot dan perlakuan PEG dengan konsentrasi 108g/L (-0.25MPa) dan 178g/L (-0.52 MPa) diberikan saat munculnya panikula. Perlakuan diberikan selama 2 minggu, kemudian tanaman disiram kembali.  Ekspresi gen diamati pada akhir perlakuan dengan semi kuantitatif real time PCR.  Ekstraksi RNA menggunakan RNeasy plant mini kit, sedangkan sintesis cDNA menggunakan Transcriptor First Strand cDNA Kit.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah malai dan berat total malai berkurang akibat cekaman kekeringan.  Persentase gabah kosong mencapai 84,6% pada perlakuan PEG-0,52 MPa, sedangkan pada perlakuan PEG -0,25 MPa persentase gabah kosong sebesar 67,8%.  Pada kontrol persentase gabah kosong adalah 10,3%.  Ekspresi gen OsPIP2;7 sedikit menurun pada perlakuan PEG -0,52 MPa.Kata kunci: ekspresi gen, IR64, kekeringan, padi, PEG  Abstract Drought stress is one of the limiting factors of plant growth and productivity including rice.  The aim of this study was to analyze responses of IR64 rice to polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced-drought stress at the reproductive stage.  This study also aimed to analyze the expression of aquaporin under drought stress.  Rice seedlings were grown in pot system and PEG treatment at concentration of -0.25MPa (108g/L) and -0.52 MPa (178g/L) were given when the panicles arose.  Treatments were conducted for 2 weeks, after that the plants were rewatered.  Gene expression was evaluated at the end of PEG treatment using semi quantitative real time PCR. RNA was extracted using RNeasy plant mini kit, while cDNA synthesis was done using Transcriptor First Strand cDNA Kit.  The results showed that the number and weight of rice ear were less in plant treated with PEG than in control.  The percentage of empty rice grain reached 84.6% at PEG -0.52 MPa, while at PEG -0.25 MPa the percentage of empty grain was 67.8%.  In control plant, the percentage of empty grain was 10.3%.  Drought stress did not alter the expression of OsPIP2;7.  Keywords: drought, gene expression, IR64, PEG, rice

Current status and strategies for improvement of rice grain chalkiness

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 563-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Jun ZHOU ◽  
Ling JIANG ◽  
Hu-Qu ZHAI ◽  
Jian-Min WAN
Keyword(s):  
Current Status ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Grain Chalkiness
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