Investigation of the effects of salt (NaCl) stress and cadmium (cd) toxicity on growth and mineral acquisition of Vuralia turcica

Abstract Low-quality water and soil salinization are increasingly becoming limiting factors for food production, including olive – a major fruit crop in several parts of the world. Identifying putative salinity-stress tolerance in olive would be helpful in the future development of new tolerant varieties. In this study, novel salinity-responsive biomarkers (SRBs) were characterized in the species, namely, monooxygenase 1 (OeMO1), cation calcium exchanger 1 (OeCCX1), salt tolerance protein (OeSTO), proteolipid membrane potential modulator (OePMP3), universal stress protein (OeUSP2), adaptor protein complex 4 medium mu4 subunit (OeAP-4), WRKY1 transcription factor (OeWRKY1) and potassium transporter 2 (OeKT2). Unique structural features were highlighted for encoded proteins as compared with other plant homologues. The expression of olive SRBs was investigated in leaves of young plantlets of two cultivars, ‘Nabali’ (moderately tolerant) and ‘Picual’ (tolerant). At 60 mM NaCl stress level, OeMO1, OeSTO, OePMP3, OeUSP2, OeAP-4 and OeWRKY1 were up-regulated in ‘Nabali’ as compared with ‘Picual’. On the other hand, OeCCX1 and OeKT2 were up-regulated at three stress levels (30, 60 and 90 mM NaCl) in ‘Picual’ as compared to ‘Nabali’. Salinity tolerance in olive presumably engages multiple sets of responsive genes triggered by different stress levels.

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Application of Exogenous Protectants Mitigates Salt-Induced Na+ Toxicity and Sustains Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Seedling Growth: Comparison of Glycine Betaine and Salicylic Acid

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10020380 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 380

Author(s):

Abdoul Kader Mounkaila Hamani ◽

Jinsai Chen ◽

Mukesh Kumar Soothar ◽

Guangshuai Wang ◽

Xiaojun Shen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salicylic Acid ◽

Glycine Betaine ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Nacl Stress ◽

Soil Salinization ◽

Sodium Toxicity ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Effective Conditions ◽

A Current

Soil salinization adversely affects agricultural productivity. Mitigating the adverse effects of salinity represents a current major challenge for agricultural researchers worldwide. The effects of exogenously applied glycine betaine (GB) and salicylic acid (SA) on mitigating sodium toxicity and improving the growth of cotton seedlings subjected to salt stress remain unclear. The treatments in a phytotron included a control (CK, exogenously untreated, non-saline), two NaCl conditions (0 and 150 mM), four exogenous GB concentrations (0, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mM), and four exogenous SA concentrations (0, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mM). The shoot and roots exposed to 150 mM NaCl without supplementation had significantly higher Na+ and reduced K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ contents, along with lowered biomass, compared with those of CK. Under NaCl stress, exogenous GB and SA at all concentrations substantially inversed these trends by improving ion uptake regulation and biomass accumulation compared with NaCl stress alone. Supplementation with 5.0 mM GB and with 1.0 mM SA under NaCl stress were the most effective conditions for mitigating Na+ toxicity and enhancing biomass accumulation. NaCl stress had a negative effect on plant growth parameters, including plant height, leaf area, leaf water potential, and total nitrogen (N) in the shoot and roots, which were improved by supplementation with 5.0 mM GB or 1.0 mM SA. Supplementation with 5.0 mM exogenous GB was more effective in controlling the percentage loss of conductivity (PLC) under NaCl stress.

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Boron application mitigates Cd toxicity in leaves of rice by subcellular distribution, cell wall adsorption and antioxidant system

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety ◽

10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112540 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 222 ◽

pp. 112540

Author(s):

Muhammad Riaz ◽

Muhammad Kamran ◽

Muhammad Rizwan ◽

Shafaqat Ali ◽

Yaoyu Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Antioxidant System ◽

Subcellular Distribution ◽

Cd Toxicity

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Silicon Can Alleviate Toxic Effect of NaCl Stress by Improving K+ and Si Uptake, Photosynthetic Efficiency with Reduced Na+ Toxicity in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Silicon ◽

10.1007/s12633-021-01270-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Salim Akhter ◽

Sibgha Noreen ◽

Nawishta Saleem ◽

Muhammad Saeed ◽

Shakeel Ahmad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Toxic Effect ◽

Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽

Nacl Stress ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L

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Thiourea and hydrogen peroxide priming improved K+ retention and source-sink relationship for mitigating salt stress in rice

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-80419-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Manish Pandey ◽

Radha Krishna Paladi ◽

Ashish Kumar Srivastava ◽

Penna Suprasanna

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Nacl Stress ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Redox Environment ◽

Source Sink

AbstractPlant bioregulators (PBRs) represent low-cost chemicals for boosting plant defense, especially under stress conditions. In the present study, redox based PBRs such as thiourea (TU; a non-physiological thiol-based ROS scavenger) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; a prevalent biological ROS) were assessed for their ability to mitigate NaCl stress in rice variety IR 64. Despite their contrasting redox chemistry, TU or H2O2 supplementation under NaCl [NaCl + TU (NT) or NaCl + H2O2 (NH)] generated a reducing redox environment in planta, which improved the plant growth compared with those of NaCl alone treatment. This was concomitant with better K+ retention and upregulated expression of NaCl defense related genes including HAK21, LEA1, TSPO and EN20 in both NT and NH treated seedlings. Under field conditions, foliar applications of TU and H2O2, at vegetative growth, pre-flowering and grain filling stages, increased growth and yield attributes under both control and NaCl stress conditions. Principal component analysis revealed glutathione reductase dependent reduced ROS accumulation in source (flag leaves) and sucrose synthase mediated sucrose catabolism in sink (developing inflorescence), as the key variables associated with NT and NH mediated effects, respectively. In addition, photosystem-II efficiency, K+ retention and source-sink relationship were also improved in TU and H2O2 treated plants. Taken together, our study highlights that reducing redox environment acts as a central regulator of plant’s tolerance responses to salt stress. In addition, TU and H2O2 are proposed as potential redox-based PBRs for boosting rice productivity under the realistic field conditions.

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Bayesian Network Analysis of Lysine Biosynthesis Pathway in Rice

Inventions ◽

10.3390/inventions6020037 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 37

Author(s):

Aditya Lahiri ◽

Khushboo Rastogi ◽

Aniruddha Datta ◽

Endang M. Septiningsih

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Reporter Gene ◽

Nacl Stress ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Lysine Biosynthesis ◽

Model Parameters ◽

Saline Stress ◽

Lysine Content ◽

Biosynthesis Pathway ◽

Healthy Functioning

Lysine is the first limiting essential amino acid in rice because it is present in the lowest quantity compared to all the other amino acids. Amino acids are the building block of proteins and play an essential role in maintaining the human body’s healthy functioning. Rice is a staple food for more than half of the global population; thus, increasing the lysine content in rice will help improve global health. In this paper, we studied the lysine biosynthesis pathway in rice (Oryza sativa) to identify the regulators of the lysine reporter gene LYSA (LOC_Os02g24354). Genetically intervening at the regulators has the potential to increase the overall lysine content in rice. We modeled the lysine biosynthesis pathway in rice seedlings under normal and saline (NaCl) stress conditions using Bayesian networks. We estimated the model parameters using experimental data and identified the gene DAPF(LOC_Os12g37960) as a positive regulator of the lysine reporter gene LYSA under both normal and saline stress conditions. Based on this analysis, we conclude that the gene DAPF is a potent candidate for genetic intervention. Upregulating DAPF using methods such as CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing strategy has the potential to upregulate the lysine reporter gene LYSA and increase the overall lysine content in rice.

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