The removal of endocrine disrupting compounds, pharmaceutically activated compounds and cyanobacterial toxins during drinking water preparation using activated carbon—A review

2012 ◽  
Vol 435-436 ◽  
pp. 509-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis F. Delgado ◽  
Philippe Charles ◽  
Karl Glucina ◽  
Catherine Morlay
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽  
Cyanobacterial Toxins ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting

Adsorption of EDCs/PPCPs from drinking water by submicron-sized powdered activated carbon

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 711-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Wang ◽  
G. Y. Rao ◽  
J. Y. Hu
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽  
Langmuir Equation ◽  
Powdered Activated Carbon ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Adsorption Processes ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

For the purpose of enhancing the adsorption of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds (EDCs) and Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) from drinking water, commercially available powdered activated carbon (PAC, 40 μm) was further ground to produce submicron-sized powdered activated carbon (SPAC, 0.72 μm). Compared with PAC, the surface area and total pore volume of SPAC were improved. Kinetics data showed that the adsorption of EDCs/PPCPs by SPAC was faster than that by PAC. The adsorption processes of two target EDCs/PPCPs on both SPAC and PAC could be fitted by the pseudo-second order kinetics model. The Langmuir equation described the adsorption isotherm well and the maximum adsorption capacity of SPAC for bisphenol A and carbamazepine could be calculated as 320.54 and 133.33 μg/mg respectively.

The potential reproductive effects of exposure of domestic ruminants to endocrine disrupting compounds

2002 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.L. Boerjan ◽  
S. Freijnagel ◽  
S.M. Rhind ◽  
G.A.L. Meijer
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Domestic Ruminants ◽  
Reproductive Effects ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Contaminated Food

AbstractChemical compounds that mimic or block some of the actions of the steroid hormone oestradiol, have created public concern primarily because of potential adverse reproductive effects in wildlife and humans. Many studies, in vivo and in vitro, have revealed abnormal reproductive function following exposure to these compounds. The number of chemicals known to have the potential to modulate endocrine functions is increasing. In contrast to humans and wildlife, the potential reproductive effects of exposure of domestic animals to endocrine disrupting compounds (EDC) have been studied little. The aim of this overview is to evaluate the possible contribution of EDC to reproductive failure in domestic ruminants.Sources and classes of EDC are discussed as well as their structure and the modes of hormone disruption. Endocrine disrupting agents may interfere with the reproductive processes of both males and females at several points of the reproductive cycle and through a range of physiological mechanisms. Extrapolating from the results obtained with laboratory animals, the mechanisms whereby infertility in domestic ruminants might be expressed by exposure to EDC through contaminated food and drinking water are addressed.A preliminary risk assessment is included and it is concluded that under certain circumstances there may be a significantly enhanced intake of oestrogenic hormones and EDC through sewage-contaminated water or soil-contaminated herbage. The physiological consequences for domestic ruminants of EDC ingestion, at the rates estimated, are largely unknown. However, the levels of exposure to oestrogenic hormones and phthalates in grazing ruminants are such that when studying fertility problems in high-yielding dairy cattle the impacts of exposure to endocrine disruptors via the food and drinking water cannot be neglected.

scholarly journals Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the aquatic environment: implications for the drinking water industry and global environmental health

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Rahman ◽  
E. K. Yanful ◽  
S. Y. Jasim
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Personal Care Products ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Trace Concentrations ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are a group of chemical compounds with diverse physical and chemical properties. Recent studies have indicated undesired effects of EDCs and PPCPs at their reported trace concentrations (ng l−1 to μg l−1). This paper reviews the current knowledge on the sources, properties, occurrence and health impacts of EDCs and PPCPs, and their removal from drinking water using ozonation and ozone/hydrogen peroxide-based advanced oxidation. The paper also examines the potential threats posed by these chemicals to drinking water and public health. While these compounds are known to have adverse effects on ecosystem health, notably in the fish population, a similar link is yet to be established between ingestion of these compounds through drinking water and human health. In addition, data on the effectiveness of existing methods for the removal of these compounds are not conclusive. Further studies are required to characterize risks, and also to evaluate and optimize existing removal processes. Also concerted international effort is urgent to cut down the risk of exposure and restrain the production and marketing of toxic chemicals.

scholarly journals Transfer of phthalates from c-polyvinyl chloride and cross-linked polyethylene pipe (PEX-b) into drinking water

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 588-596
Author(s):  
Derek R. Faust ◽  
Kimberly J. Wooten ◽  
Philip N. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Benzyl Butyl Phthalate ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Butyl Phthalate ◽  
Ethylhexyl Phthalate

Several different materials have been used for production of domestic water pipes throughout history. In recent years, the use of cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) pipe has increased dramatically, yet the potential for leaching of phthalates, which are endocrine disrupting compounds associated with adverse reproductive effects in humans, has not been examined. In this study, the potential of chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (cPVC) and red, blue, and heat PEX piping to leach phthalates into static hot and cold water after 2, 8, and 48 hours was evaluated. Concentrations of six phthalates, dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), benzyl-butyl phthalate (BBP), di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and di(n-octyl) phthalate (DNOP), were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Pipe type (F3,71 = 15.6, P = 0.001) contributed significantly to phthalate concentrations in water, while temperature (F4,71 = 1.74, P = 0.106) and time (F4,71 = 1.02, P = 0.427) were not significant factors. Significantly higher concentrations of DEP, DBP, and BBP were observed in cPVC pipe (<method detection limits (MDL) to 466 ng L−1, 252–4,219 ng L−1, 473–18,400 ng L−1, respectively) compared to blue PEX (T2 = 12.2, P < 0.001; <MDL, <MDL − 140 ng L−1, <MDL − 459 ng L−1, respectively), red PEX (T2 = 19.3, P < 0.001; <MDL, <MDL − 188 ng L−1, <MDL − 881 ng L−1, respectively), and heat PEX (T2 = 19.9, P < 0.001; <MDL, <MDL − 162 ng L−1, <MDL − 169 ng L−1, respectively). Phthalate exposure from drinking water via cPVC or PEX is low when compared to other dietary sources. Nonetheless, a shift from cPVC to PEX pipes in households would decrease potential exposure to phthalates.

scholarly journals Occurrence of multiclass endocrine disrupting compounds in a drinking water supply system and associated risks

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sze Yee Wee ◽  
Ahmad Zaharin Aris ◽  
Fatimah Md. Yusoff ◽  
Sarva Mangala Praveena
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Drinking Water Supply System

Abstract Contamination by endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) concerns the security and sustainability of a drinking water supply system and human exposure via water consumption. This study analyzed the selected EDCs in source (river water, n = 10) and supply (tap water, n = 155) points and the associated risks. A total of 14 multiclass EDCs was detected in the drinking water supply system in Malaysia. Triclosan (an antimicrobial agent) and 4-octylphenol (a plasticizer) were only detected in the tap water (up to 9.74 and 0.44 ng/L, respectively). Meanwhile, chloramphenicol and 4-nonylphenol in the system were below the method detection limits. Bisphenol A was observed to be highest in tap water at 66.40 ng/L (detection: 100%; median concentration: 0.28 ng/L). There was a significant difference in triclosan contamination between the river and tap water (p < 0.001). Overall, the life groups were estimated at no possible risk of EDCs (risk quotient < 1). Nonetheless, the results concern the transport and impact of EDCs on the drinking water supply system regarding treatment sustainability and water security. Further exploration of smart monitoring and management using Big Data and Internet of Things and the need to invent rapid, robust, sensitive, and efficient sensors is warranted.

Evaluation of pilot-scale oxidation of several PPCPs/EDCs (pharmaceuticals and personal care products/endocrine disrupting compounds) during drinking water ozonation treatment

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 577-582
Author(s):  
Chaoyang Yue ◽  
Rajesh Seth ◽  
Shahram Tabe ◽  
Xiaoming Zhao ◽  
Chunyan Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Detroit River ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Several PPCPs/EDCs are being detected in surface drinking water sources, which is a great concern. The efficacy of ozonation in oxidizing 13 PPCPs/EDCs frequently detected in the Detroit River watershed was examined at pilot scale in the current study. Pilot-scale experiments were conducted at ozone dosages varying between 0.3 and 1.5 mg/L with the 13 PPCPs/ EDCs spiked in raw water obtained from the Detroit River. For 10 of the 13 PPCPs/EDCs with a high reaction rate with ozone (Group A), average oxidation efficiencies exceeded 95% for all ozone dosages at a contact time of 8.6 min. For chemicals with low to moderate reaction rate with molecular ozone (Group B), the observed oxidations were variable and ranged between 3 and 62% for ibuprofen and clorfibric acid and between 28 and &gt;99% for bezafibrate under the same conditions. For the Group B chemicals, the oxidation increased with increasing ozone exposure and was significantly influenced by the quality of raw water.

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