Role of highway traffic on spatial and temporal distributions of air pollutants in a Swiss Alpine valley

2013 ◽  
Vol 456-457 ◽  
pp. 50-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina E. Ducret-Stich ◽  
Ming-Yi Tsai ◽  
Martina S. Ragettli ◽  
Alex Ineichen ◽  
Nino Kuenzli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Alpine Valley ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distributions

scholarly journals Chemical interactions between ship-originated air pollutants and ocean-emitted halogens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinyi Li ◽  
Alba Badia ◽  
Rafael P. Fernandez ◽  
Anoop S. Mahajan ◽  
Ana Isabel López-Noreña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Chemical Interactions ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Reactive Halogen Species ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Surface Increase ◽  
Halogen Species

<p>Ocean-going ships supply products from one region to another and contribute to the world’s economy. Ship exhaust contains many air pollutants and results in significant changes in marine atmospheric composition. The role of Reactive Halogen Species (RHS) in the troposphere has received increasing recognition and oceans are the largest contributors to their atmospheric burden. However, the impact of shipping emissions on RHS and that of RHS on ship-originated air pollutants have not been studied in detail. Here, an updated WRF-Chem model is utilized to explore the chemical interactions between ship emissions and oceanic RHS over the East Asia seas in summer. The emissions and resulting chemical transformations from shipping activities increase the level of NO and NO<sub>2</sub> at the surface, increase O<sub>3</sub> in the South China Sea, but decrease O<sub>3</sub> in the East China Sea. Such changes in pollutants result in remarkable changes in the levels of RHS as well as in their partitioning. The abundant RHS, in turn, reshape the loadings of air pollutants and those of the oxidants with marked patterns along the ship tracks. We, therefore, suggest that these important chemical interactions of ship-originated emissions with RHS should be considered in the environmental policy assessments of the role of shipping emissions in air quality and climate.</p>

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Distributions of Air Pollutants in Nanchang, Southeast China during 2017–2020

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1298
Author(s):  
Xiaoman Wang ◽  
Min Liu ◽  
Li Luo ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Yongyun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Industrial Sites ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distributions ◽  
Haze Pollution ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Morning Commute ◽  
Urban Sites ◽  
Pollution Concentrations

In response to COVID-19 in December 2019, China imposed a strict lockdown for the following two months, which led to an unprecedented reduction in industrial activities and transportation. However, haze pollution was still recorded in many Chinese cities during the lockdown period. To explore temporal and spatial variations in urban haze pollution, concentrations of air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, SO2, CO, NO, NO2, and O3) from April 2017 to March 2020 were observed at 23 monitoring stations throughout Nanchang City (including one industrial site, sixteen urban central sites, two mountain sites, and four suburban sites). Overall, the highest concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, and SO2 were observed at industrial sites and the highest CO and NOx (NO and NO2) concentrations were recorded at urban sites. The air pollutants at mountain sites all showed the lowest concentrations, which indicated that anthropogenic activities are largely responsible for air pollutants. Concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, CO, NO, and NO2 showed similar season trends, that is, the highest levels in winter and lowest concentrations in summer, but an opposite season pattern for O3. Except for a sharply dropping pattern from January to May 2018, there were no seasonal patterns for SO2 concentration in all the observed sites. Daily PM2.5, PM10, CO, NOx, and SO2 concentrations showed a peak during the morning commute, which indicated the influences of anthropogenic activities on PM2.5, PM10, CO, NOx, and SO2. PM2.5, PM10, NOx, and CO concentrations at industrial, urban, and suburban sites were higher during nighttime than during daytime, but they showed the opposite pattern at mountain sites. In addition, PM2.5, PM10, CO, and NOx concentrations were lower during the lockdown period (D2) than those before the lockdown (B1). After the lockdown was lifted (A3), PM2.5, PM10, CO, and NOx concentrations showed a slowly increasing trend. However, O3 concentrations continuously increased from B1 to A3.

scholarly journals Qualitative and Quantitative study of Epipelic algae in Tigris River within Baghdad City, Iraq

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1074-1082
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Algae ◽  
Lotic Ecosystems ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Tigris River ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distributions ◽  
Number Species ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
One Year ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Study

The present study conducted to study epipelic algae in the Tigris River within Baghdad city for one year from September 2011 to August 2012 due to the importance role of benthic algae in lotic ecosystems. Five sites have been chosen along the river. A total of 154 species of epipelic algae was recorded belongs to 45 genera, where Bacillariophyceae (Diatoms) was the dominant groups followed by Cyanophyceae and Chlorophyceae. The numbers of common types in three sites were 47 species. Bacillariophyceae accounted 88.31% of the total number of epipelic algae, followed by Cyanophyceae 7.14 % and Chlorophyceae 4.55%. A 85 species (29 genera) recorded in site 1, 103 species (34 genera) in site2, 112 species (35 genera) in site3, 96 species (32 genera) in site4, and 85 species (29 genera) in site5. Spatial and temporal distributions of epipelic algae were noticed in this study. The higher total number of epipelic algae (91504.01cell cm-2) was recorded at site 5 in spring 2012, while the lower was (37017.98cell cm-2) in summer 2012 at site1. Some genera have recorded higher number species during the study period; these genera were Nitzschia, Navicula, Cymbella, Gomphonema, Synedra, Achnanthes, Oscillatoria, and Lyngbya. The study revealed that Bacillariophyceae were more prominent within all study sites and followed by Cyanophyceae, while a few numbers of Chlorophyceae was appeared.

Ambient air pollution and cardiovascular diseases: From bench to bedside

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 818-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Vidale ◽  
Carlo Campana
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter Exposure

Air pollution has a great impact on health, representing one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Previous experimental and epidemiological studies suggested the role of pollutants as risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. For this reason, international guidelines included specific statements regarding the contribution of particulate matter exposure to increase the risk of these events. In this review, we summarise the main evidence concerning the mechanisms involved in the processes linking air pollutants to the development of cardiovascular diseases.

The role of symptomatic colds in asthma exacerbations: Influence of outdoor allergens and air pollutants☆

2001 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Tarlo ◽  
Irvin Broder ◽  
Paul Corey ◽  
Moira Chan-Yeung ◽  
Alexander Ferguson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Asthma Exacerbations

scholarly journals Role of snow and cold environment in the fate and effects of nanoparticles and select organic pollutants from gasoline engine exhaust

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yevgen Nazarenko ◽  
Uday Kurien ◽  
Oleg Nepotchatykh ◽  
Rodrigo B. Rangel-Alvarado ◽  
Parisa A. Ariya
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Cold Environment ◽  
Chamber System ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Freezing Temperatures

A novel snow chamber system is used to examine the effects of snow and freezing temperatures on exhaust-derived air pollutants.

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