Global land-water nexus: Agricultural land and freshwater use embodied in worldwide supply chains

2018 ◽  
Vol 613-614 ◽  
pp. 931-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Chen ◽  
M.Y. Han ◽  
K. Peng ◽  
S.L. Zhou ◽  
L. Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Global Land ◽  
Freshwater Use ◽  
Land Water

scholarly journals The Impacts of Climate Change on Agricultural Production and Sustainable Agriculture of Smallholder Farmers in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1100-1107
Author(s):  
Nguyen Van Phu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Food Supply Chains ◽  
The World

Climate change is one of the greatest threats to human beings, and agriculture is one of the fields that is most negatively affected by climate change. Farmers around the world and global food supply chains are impacted by the more extreme weather phenomena and increased damage of diseases and pests caused by climate change. Today, almost all agricultural enterprises and farms consider climate change a serious long-term risk for their production. Agricultural land systems can produce significant greenhouse gases (GHGs) by the conversion of forests to crop- and animal lands, and also through the weak management of crops and livestock. Around the world, cultivation and cattle production accounts for 25% of global GHG emissions (Javeline, ‎2014). However, under suitable conditions, agriculture can create environmental conditions that can help minimize pollution and the negative effects of climate change including carbon absorption by green plants in forests, and fields for watershed protection and biodiversity conservation. Sustainable agriculture helps farmers to adapt, maintain, and improve productivity without applying harmful techniques. In turn, this allows farms to manage and mitigate climate-related risks in their supply chains. The Sustainable Agriculture Network (SAN) has found new ways to incorporate smart climate cultivation methods into all farming practices to help farms and enterprises carry out agriculture sustainably.

scholarly journals Assessment of soil and water quality of Barapukuria coal mining site, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
Rowshon Shad Fardushe ◽  
Md Mahbubul Hoque ◽  
Shimul Roy
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Color Temperature ◽  
Mining Site ◽  
The Status ◽  
Land Water ◽  
Soil And Water

From the field observation it is apparent that the color of coal leached drainage water and the agricultural land water are blackish and slightly blackish respectively, which pollutes surface water and the agricultural land. The study showed the present status of the water quality through analyzing different parameters including color, temperature, pH, EC, DO, TDS, BOD, COD, Cl-, Cu, Zn and Fe as well as the status of soil quality where pH, OC, PO4 -, Cu, Cr and Zn were analyzed. All the water quality parameters (e.g. temperature, pH, EC, TDS, DO, and BOD) were within normal levels but the value of COD was higher, which affects the aquatic environment. The concentration of heavy metals in water varied with Zn > Cu > Cr and in soil the concentration varied with Cu > Cr > Zn.Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 27(1): 63-73, June-2014

Relations between Retired Agricultural Land, Water Quality, and Aquatic-Community Health, Minnesota River Basin

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1459-1472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria G. Christensen ◽  
Kathy E. Lee ◽  
James M. McLees ◽  
Scott L. Niemela
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Community Health ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Aquatic Community ◽  
Minnesota River Basin ◽  
Minnesota River ◽  
Land Water

scholarly journals Impact of Leather Toxicity on People and Places: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 423-429
Author(s):  
Satish Kumar Sharma ◽  
Pankaj Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Tannery Effluents ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Toxin Exposure ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Land Water

The production of the most luxurious form of textile, i.e. Leather, has always been associated with environmental toxicity. The royal texture and firm durability of leather demands animal as well as environmental sacrifices. The process of leather production not only introduces chemicals in the environment but also causes undeniable animal abuse. The leather manufacturing process involves beam house operations and tanning procedures involving toxic chemicals rich in heavy metals and carcinogens. The effluents from the leather tanneries expose these toxins into the environment, posing a threat to different life forms. The increased toxin load from tannery effluents has percolated the food chain, thus inducing toxicity in human beings. The effect of lather manufacturing has been mostly observed in occupational regions displaying evidence of severe respiratory diseases, gastrointestinal tract infections, skin infections, chromium toxicity in biological fluids and high risk of morbidity. Different studies have been performed on regions receiving tannery discharge indicating toxin exposure affecting agricultural land, water systems, plants and aquatic life forms. The present study reviews sources of toxicity in the leather manufacturing process and describes bioassays that can be utilized to study the effect of leather toxicity on the ecosystem. The study mentions examples of sustainable alternatives and waste management for tanneries that can be explored to provide an insight for better future of leather industries.

scholarly journals Progress in Water Footprint Assessment: Towards Collective Action in Water Governance

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjen Y. Hoekstra ◽  
Ashok K. Chapagain ◽  
Pieter R. van Oel
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Trade Patterns ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Freshwater Use ◽  
Different Levels

We introduce ten studies in the field of water footprint assessment (WFA) that are representative of the type of papers currently being published in this broad interdisciplinary field. WFA is the study of freshwater use, scarcity, and pollution in relation to consumption, production, and trade patterns. The reliable availability of sufficient and clean water is critical in sustaining the supply of food, energy, and various manufactured goods. Collective and coordinated action at different levels and along all stages of commodity supply chains is necessary to bring about more sustainable, efficient, and equitable water use. In order to position the papers of this volume, we introduce a spectrum for collective action that can give insight in the various ways different actors can contribute to the reduction of the water footprint of human activities. The papers cover different niches in this large spectrum, focusing on different scales of governance and different stages in the supply chain of products. As for future research, we conclude that more research is needed on how actions at different spatial levels and how the different players along supply chains can create the best synergies to make the water footprint of our production and consumption patterns more sustainable.

scholarly journals Performance analysis of regional AquaCrop (v6.1) biomass and surface soil moisture simulations using satellite and in situ observations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon de Roos ◽  
Gabriëlle J. M. De Lannoy ◽  
Dirk Raes
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Surface Soil Moisture ◽  
Aquacrop Model ◽  
Global Land

Abstract. The current intensive use of agricultural land is affecting the land quality and contributes to climate change. Feeding the world’s growing population under changing climatic conditions demands a global transition to more sustainable agricultural systems. This requires good insight in land cultivation practices at the field to global scale. This study outlines a spatially distributed version of the field-scale crop model AquaCrop version 6.1, to simulate agricultural biomass production and soil moisture variability over Europe at a relatively fine resolution of 30 arcseconds (~1 km). A highly efficient parallel processing system is implemented to run the model regionally with global meteorological input data from the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2), soil textural information from the Harmonized World Soil Database, version 1.2 (HWSDv1.2), and generic crop information. Daily crop biomass production is evaluated with the Copernicus Global Land Service dry matter productivity (CGLS-DMP) data. Surface soil moisture is compared against NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive surface soil moisture (SMAP-SSM) retrievals, the Copernicus Global Land Service surface soil moisture (CGLS-SSM) product derived from Sentinel-1, and in situ data from the International Soil Moisture Network (ISMN). Over central Europe, the regional AquaCrop model is able to capture the temporal variability in both biomass production and soil moisture, with a spatial mean correlation of 0.8 (CGLS-DMP), 0.74 (SMAP-SSM) and 0.52 (CGLS-SSM), respectively. The higher performance when evaluating with SMAP-SSM compared to Sentinel-1 CGLS-SSM is largely due to the lower quality of CGLS-SSM satellite retrievals under growing vegetation. The regional model further captures the interannual variability, with a mean anomaly correlation of 0.46 for daily biomass, and mean anomaly correlations of 0.65 (SMAP-SSM) and 0.50 (CGLS-SSM) for soil moisture. It is shown that soil textural characteristics and irrigated areas influence the model performance. Overall, the regional AquaCrop model proves to be useful in assessing crop production and soil moisture at various scales and could serve as a bridge between point-based and global models.

scholarly journals Performance analysis of regional AquaCrop (v6.1) biomass and surface soil moisture simulations using satellite and in situ observations

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 7309-7328
Author(s):  
Shannon de Roos ◽  
Gabriëlle J. M. De Lannoy ◽  
Dirk Raes
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Surface Soil Moisture ◽  
Aquacrop Model ◽  
Global Land

Abstract. The current intensive use of agricultural land is affecting the land quality and contributes to climate change. Feeding the world's growing population under changing climatic conditions demands a global transition to more sustainable agricultural systems. This requires efficient models and data to monitor land cultivation practices at the field to global scale. This study outlines a spatially distributed version of the field-scale crop model AquaCrop version 6.1 to simulate agricultural biomass production and soil moisture variability over Europe at a relatively fine resolution of 30 arcsec (∼1 km). A highly efficient parallel processing system is implemented to run the model regionally with global meteorological input data from the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA-2), soil textural information from the Harmonized World Soil Database version 1.2 (HWSDv1.2), and generic crop information. The setup with a generic crop is chosen as a baseline for a future satellite-based data assimilation system. The relative temporal variability in daily crop biomass production is evaluated with the Copernicus Global Land Service dry matter productivity (CGLS-DMP) data. Surface soil moisture is compared against NASA Soil Moisture Active–Passive surface soil moisture (SMAP-SSM) retrievals, the Copernicus Global Land Service surface soil moisture (CGLS-SSM) product derived from Sentinel-1, and in situ data from the International Soil Moisture Network (ISMN). Over central Europe, the regional AquaCrop model is able to capture the temporal variability in both biomass production and soil moisture, with a spatial mean temporal correlation of 0.8 (CGLS-DMP), 0.74 (SMAP-SSM), and 0.52 (CGLS-SSM). The higher performance when evaluating with SMAP-SSM compared to Sentinel-1 CGLS-SSM is largely due to the lower quality of CGLS-SSM satellite retrievals under growing vegetation. The regional model further captures the short-term and inter-annual variability, with a mean anomaly correlation of 0.46 for daily biomass and mean anomaly correlations of 0.65 (SMAP-SSM) and 0.50 (CGLS-SSM) for soil moisture. It is shown that soil textural characteristics and irrigated areas influence the model performance. Overall, the regional AquaCrop model adequately simulates crop production and soil moisture and provides a suitable setup for subsequent satellite-based data assimilation.

scholarly journals Analisis Fenomena El Nino dan Dampaknya Terhadap Neraca Air Lahan di Pulau Ambon

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
Samuel Laimeheriwa ◽  
Mitha Pangaribuan ◽  
Martha Amba
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
El Niño Events ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Land Water ◽  
El Nino Events

El Nino is one of the global phenomena that has affected the climate system of Indonesia, including Ambon Island of Maluku. One of the direct impacts of the El Nino phenomenon is the decrease of water availability on agricultural land. This study aimed: i) to analyze the period of El-Nino extreme rainfall events in  Ambon Island as well as the intensity and its frequency; and ii) to analyze the impact of El Nino events on the water balance of agricultural lands on Ambon Island. Sixty years of climatic data period 1959-2018 from Pattimura Meteorological Station and Karang Panjang Geophysics Station were used to analyze extreme rainfall conditions of El Nino, and to calculate the water balance of land using the methods of  Thornthwaite and Mather (1957). The results showed that 16 times El Nino events occurred in Ambon between 1959 and 2018, with the frequency of 1-7 times per year or four times per year.  The most extreme El Nino events that occurred in Ambon were in 1977, 1987 and 1997.  The results of land water balance calculation during the El-Nino events showed seven months water deficit (September to March) which is 62,6% higher than the normal conditions;  meanwhile, the optimum soil moisture occurred four months (June to September) or seven months shorter than the normal conditions which were 11 months (March to January). Keywords: Ambon Island, El Nino, land-water balance   ABSTRAK El Nino merupakan salah satu fenomena global yang berdampak terhadap sistem iklim di wilayah Indonesia; termasuk wilayah Pulau Ambon Provinsi Maluku. Salah satu dampak langsung fenomena El Nino terhadap sistem pertanian adalah berkurangnya ketersediaan air pada lahan pertanian. Penelitian bertujuan untuk: a) menganalisis tahun-tahun kejadian curah hujan ekstrim El Nino serta intensitas dan frekuensinya di Pulau Ambon; dan b) menganalisis dampak kejadian El Nino terhadap neraca air lahan pertanian di Pulau Ambon. Penelitian ini menggunakan data iklim selama 60 tahun pengamatan periode 1959-2018 dari Stasiun Meteorologi Pattimura Ambon dan Stasiun Geofisika Karang Panjang Ambon. Analisis data iklim dilakukan dengan tahapan sebagai berikut: a) analisis curah hujan pada kondisi ekstrim El Nino; dan b) perhitungan neraca air lahan menggunakan metode Thornthwaite dan Mather (1957). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa selama periode 1959-2018 kejadian El Nino berlangsung di Pulau Ambon sebanyak 16 kali dengan frekuensi 1-7 tahun sekali atau rata-rata 4 tahun sekali. Tahun-tahun kejadian El Nino di wilayah Pulau Ambon yang paling ekstrim terjadi pada tahun 1977, 1987 dan 1997. Berdasarkan perhitungan neraca air lahan, ketika El-Nino berlangsung defisit air terjadi selama 7 bulan (September sampai dengan Maret); nilainya bertambah sebesar 626% dari kondisi normal, dan kadar air tanah pada kondisi optimum hanya 4 bulan (Juni sampai dengan September) atau lebih pendek 7 bulan dibandingkan kondisi normalnya, yaitu 11 bulan (Maret sampai dengan Januari). Kata kunci: El Nino, neraca air lahan, Pulau Ambon

Jenis dan Sebaran Satwa Liar di Sekitar Suaka Alam Gunung Daab Bagian Selatan Kabupaten Maluku Tenggara

MAKILA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-125
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Pantolosang ◽  
Manuel Kaya ◽  
Ernywati Badaruddin
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Index Point ◽  
Land Water

ABSTRACT Wildlife is all animals that still have wild characteristics that live on land, water or in the air, including wildlife who live freely or kept by humans. Referring to demographic data and an increase of agricultural land area in Kei Besar island during the last five years, it is predicted that there has been a reduction in the forest area that has been converted into residential areas and agricultural land. If this activity enters the Daab Mountain Nature Reserve  area it is predicted that wildlife habitat will also be disturbed (reduced), with the result that can affect the population and distribution of wildlife. This study aims to determine the species and distribution of wildlife in the vicinity of the Southern Daab MountainNature Reserve  The method used is Index Point of Aboundance (IPA) and Line transect. From The results of this study it can be seen that in the area around the Southern Mount Daab Nature Reserve, there is 41 species of wild animals that divided into six species of mammals, thirty-two species of birds (Aves), and three species of reptiles, also there are five species of endemic wildlife. The richness of wild species that live and breed in the area around the southern Mount Daab Nature Reserve is more in the west than in the east because habitat conditions are more favorable regarding the use of land by public.

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