Periderm: Life-cycle and function during orofacial and epidermal development

The slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum’s life cycle includes different unicellular and multicellular stages that provide a convenient model for research concerning intracellular and intercellular mechanisms influencing mitochondria’s structure and function. We aim to determine the differences between the mitochondria isolated from the slime mold regarding its early developmental stages induced by starvation, namely the unicellular (U), aggregation (A) and streams (S) stages, at the bioenergetic and proteome levels. We measured the oxygen consumption of intact cells using the Clarke electrode and observed a distinct decrease in mitochondrial coupling capacity for stage S cells and a decrease in mitochondrial coupling efficiency for stage A and S cells. We also found changes in spare respiratory capacity. We performed a wide comparative proteomic study. During the transition from the unicellular stage to the multicellular stage, important proteomic differences occurred in stages A and S relating to the proteins of the main mitochondrial functional groups, showing characteristic tendencies that could be associated with their ongoing adaptation to starvation following cell reprogramming during the switch to gluconeogenesis. We suggest that the main mitochondrial processes are downregulated during the early developmental stages, although this needs to be verified by extending analogous studies to the next slime mold life cycle stages.

Download Full-text

A Study on the Green Design of Ceramic Products in the Era of Information

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.633-634.347 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 633-634 ◽

pp. 347-350

Author(s):

Hui Huang ◽

Jun Jian Liu

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Environmental Pollution ◽

Green Manufacturing ◽

Green Design ◽

Function Structure ◽

Package Design ◽

Component Design ◽

Material Component ◽

Product Function ◽

And Function

The green design of ceramic products in the era of information should pay attention to quality, lifetime and function of products, and should consider green design of product function, structure and material, component design as well as life cycle. This paper studied the green manufacturing during molding and firing, the green decorative and package design of ceramic products to improve the reclamation rate of production, disassembly and recycle in the life cycle for the decrease of environmental pollution due to wastes.

Download Full-text

Life cycle cost and function analysis in value based design decision

Life-Cycle Civil Engineering ◽

10.1201/9780203885307.ch138 ◽

2008 ◽

pp. 889-894

Author(s):

A Idrus ◽

C Utomo

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Life Cycle Cost ◽

Function Analysis ◽

Design Decision ◽

And Function

Download Full-text

Guide to Native Bees of Australia

10.1071/9781486304073 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Terry Houston

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Natural History ◽

Plant Material ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Native Bees ◽

Nest Architecture ◽

Form And Function ◽

Genus Level ◽

Life Cycle Stages ◽

And Function

Bees are often thought of as yellow and black striped insects that live in hives and produce honey. However, Australia’s abundant native bees are incredibly diverse in their appearance and habits. Some are yellow and black but others have blue stripes, are iridescent green or wasp-like. Some are social but most are solitary. Some do build nests with wax but others use silk or plant material, burrow in soil or use holes in wood and even gumnuts! A Guide to Native Bees of Australia provides a detailed introduction to the estimated 2000 species of Australian bees. Illustrated with stunning photographs, it describes the form and function of bees, their life-cycle stages, nest architecture, sociality and relationships with plants. It also contains systematic accounts of the five families and 58 genera of Australian bees. Photomicrographs of morphological characters and identification keys allow identification of bees to genus level. Natural history enthusiasts, professional and amateur entomologists and beekeepers will find this an essential guide.

Download Full-text

The Life Cycle of Coagulation Factor VIII in View of Its Structure and Function

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v92.11.3983.423k51_3983_3996 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 92 (11) ◽

pp. 3983-3996 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Peter J. Lenting ◽

Jan A. van Mourik ◽

Koen Mertens

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Factor Viii ◽

Coagulation Factor ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Coagulation Factor Viii ◽

And Function

Download Full-text

The biology of an Antarctic rhodophyte, Palmaria decipiens: recent advances

Antarctic Science ◽

10.1017/s0954102011000575 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 23 (5) ◽

pp. 419-430 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Susanne Becker ◽

María Liliana Quartino ◽

Gabriela Laura Campana ◽

Philip Bucolo ◽

Christian Wiencke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Ecosystem Structure ◽

Western Antarctic Peninsula ◽

Protective Mechanisms ◽

Abundance Patterns ◽

Palmaria Decipiens ◽

And Function ◽

Ecosystem Structure And Function ◽

The Antarctic ◽

Strong Seasonality

AbstractPalmaria decipiens (Reinsch) R.W. Ricker (1987) represents one of the dominant rhodophyte species in Antarctic coastal ecosystems. Due to its high abundance in the intertidal and upper subtidal it plays a key role in ecosystem structure and function, providing habitat, food and shelter for a multitude of associated organisms. The physiology, reproductive strategy and life cycle of P. decipiens is considered as being well adapted to the Antarctic environment, which is characterized by permanent low water temperatures and a strong seasonality in light climate. With its obvious ecological significance and adaptive strategies P. decipiens was frequently studied as a typical representative of an endemic Antarctic macroalga. Here we provide an overview of the recent literature, summarizing the knowledge gained about the alga during the last 25 years. This review focuses on the species life cycle and physiological responses, such as temperature requirements, photosynthetic characteristics, pigment content and protective mechanisms with regard to enhanced ultraviolet radiation (UV-B radiation, 280–315 nm and UV-A radiation, 315–400 nm). The ecology of P. decipiens is reviewed focussing on grazing activity and abundance patterns. Since most studies on P. decipiens have been conducted at King George Island off the western Antarctic Peninsula this overview serves as a summary of baseline data from an ecosystem particularly prone to environmental change.

Download Full-text

Structure of nonstructural protein 1 from SARS-CoV-2.

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.02019-20 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lauren K. Clark ◽

Todd J. Green ◽

Chad M. Petit

Keyword(s):

Crystal Structure ◽

Life Cycle ◽

High Resolution ◽

Nonstructural Protein ◽

Critical Role ◽

Viral Life Cycle ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Future Studies ◽

Nonstructural Protein 1 ◽

And Function

The periodic emergence of novel coronaviruses (CoVs) represents an ongoing public health concern with significant health and financial burden worldwide. The most recent occurrence originated in the city of Wuhan, China where a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) emerged causing severe respiratory illness and pneumonia. The continual emergence of novel coronaviruses underscores the importance of developing effective vaccines as well as novel therapeutic options that target either viral functions or host factors recruited to support coronavirus replication. The CoV nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1) has been shown to promote cellular mRNA degradation, block host cell translation, and inhibit the innate immune response to virus infection. Interestingly, deletion of the nsp1-coding region in infectious clones prevented the virus from productively infecting cultured cells. Because of nsp1’s importance in the CoV life cycle, it has been highlighted as a viable target for both antiviral therapy and vaccine development. However, the fundamental molecular and structural mechanisms that underlie nsp1 function remain poorly understood, despite its critical role in the viral life cycle. Here we report the high-resolution crystal structure of the amino, globular portion of SARS-CoV-2 nsp1 (residues 10 – 127) at 1.77 Å resolution. A comparison of our structure with the SARS-CoV-1 nsp1 structure reveals how mutations alter the conformation of flexible loops, inducing the formation of novel secondary structural elements and new surface features. Paired with the recently published structure of the carboxyl end of nsp1 (residues 148 – 180), our results provide the groundwork for future studies focusing on SARS-CoV-2 nsp1 structure and function during the viral life cycle. IMPORTANCE The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent for the COVID-19 pandemic. One protein known to play a critical role in the coronavirus life cycle is nonstructural protein1 (nsp1). As such, it has been highlighted in numerous studies as a target for both the development of antivirals and for the design of live-attenuated vaccines. Here we report the high-resolution crystal structure of nsp1 derived from SARS-CoV-2 at 1.77 Å resolution. This structure will facilitate future studies focusing on understanding the relationship between structure and function for nsp1. In turn, understanding these structure-function relationships will allow nsp1 to be fully exploited as a target for both antiviral development and vaccine design.

Download Full-text

Cytokinin Detection during the Dictyostelium discoideum Life Cycle: Profiles Are Dynamic and Affect Cell Growth and Spore Germination

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom9110702 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 702 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Megan Aoki ◽

Anna Kisiala ◽

Shaojun Li ◽

Naomi Stock ◽

Craig Brunetti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Dictyostelium Discoideum ◽

Spore Germination ◽

High Performance ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Metabolomics Data ◽

Life Cycle Stages ◽

Cycle Growth ◽

And Function ◽

Exogenous Treatment

Cytokinins (CKs) are a family of evolutionarily conserved growth regulating hormones. While CKs are well-characterized in plant systems, these N6-substituted adenine derivatives are found in a variety of organisms beyond plants, including bacteria, fungi, mammals, and the social amoeba, Dictyostelium discoideum. Within Dictyostelium, CKs have only been studied in the late developmental stages of the life cycle, where they promote spore encapsulation and dormancy. In this study, we used ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-positive electrospray ionization-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-(ESI+)-HRMS/MS) to profile CKs during the Dictyostelium life cycle: growth, aggregation, mound, slug, fruiting body, and germination. Comprehensive profiling revealed that Dictyostelium produces 6 CK forms (cis-Zeatin (cZ), discadenine (DA), N6-isopentenyladenine (iP), N6-isopentenyladenine-9-riboside (iPR), N6-isopentenyladenine-9-riboside-5′ phosphate (iPRP), and 2-methylthio-N6-isopentenyladenine (2MeSiP)) in varying abundance across the sampled life cycle stages, thus laying the foundation for the CK biosynthesis pathway to be defined in this organism. Interestingly, iP-type CKs were the most dominant CK analytes detected during growth and aggregation. Exogenous treatment of AX3 cells with various CK types revealed that iP was the only CK to promote the proliferation of cells in culture. In support of previous studies, metabolomics data revealed that DA is one of the most significantly upregulated small molecules during Dictyostelium development, and our data indicates that total CK levels are highest during germination. While much remains to be explored in Dictyostelium, this research offers new insight into the nature of CK biosynthesis, secretion, and function during Dictyostelium growth, development, and spore germination.

Download Full-text

Isolation of Ethyl Methanesulfonate-Induced Gametophytic Mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana by a Segregation Distortion Assay Using the Multimarker Chromosome 1

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/151.2.849 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 151 (2) ◽

pp. 849-863 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Paul E Grini ◽

Arp Schnittger ◽

Heinz Schwarz ◽

Inge Zimmermann ◽

Birgit Schwab ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Segregation Distortion ◽

Marked Reduction ◽

Marker Chromosome ◽

Chromosome 1 ◽

Phenotypic Analysis ◽

Male And Female ◽

Pollen Tube Elongation ◽

And Function

Abstract The life cycle of plants comprises two alternating generations, the diploid sporophyte (spore-bearing plant) and the haploid gametophyte (gamete-bearing plant). In contrast to animals, the postmeiotic cells give rise to haploid organisms whose function is to produce the gametes and to mediate fertilization. Analysis of gametophyte development and function has been hampered by the difficulty of identifying haplo-phase-specific mutants in conventional mutagenesis screens. Here we use a genetic strategy that is based on segregation distortion of nearby visible markers to screen for EMS-induced gametophytic mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana. Using the multiple marker chromosome mm1 we have isolated seven lines that displayed an altered segregation of markers. Reciprocal backcrosses of these lines showed a marked reduction of the transmission of the male and/or female gametes. Phenotypic analysis revealed that different aspects of either gametophytic development or function were affected. Three male gametophytic lines showed specific arrests during pollen development. One male gametophytic line was specifically defective in pollen tube elongation. Three gametophytic lines showed variable defects in both male and female gametophytic development.

Download Full-text

Organisational and Marketing Challenges in Designing and Implementing an Omnichannel Strategy for Luxury Fashion Brands

Digital Marketing Strategies for Fashion and Luxury Brands - Advances in Marketing, Customer Relationship Management, and E-Services ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-2697-1.ch004 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 89-107

Author(s):

Fabrizio Maria Pini ◽

Barbara Quaquarelli

Keyword(s):

Supply Chain ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Supply Chain Management ◽

Value Chain ◽

Service Design ◽

Value Proposition ◽

Chain Management ◽

Information Generation ◽

And Function ◽

Large Organisation

The adoption of omnichannel strategies by luxury fashion brands has a relevant impact on the whole value chain and generates many critical organizational implications for luxury companies. The reluctance of several fashion brands in adopting omnichannel initiatives might be related the uniqueness of luxury fashion value proposition, strongly related to rich storytelling and memorable experiences and on the need of large organisation redesign that involve collection design, physical retail role and functions, service design and inventory and supply chain management. There is no common approach to such topics within luxury fashion companies a present but it is possible to draw a sort of “ominchannel adoption curve or life cycle”, with the different evolutionary stages in which companies might be at present. These different stages are characterised by different goals for omnichannel, different level of integration between digital and traditional retail, information generation and sharing and function goals and competencies.

Download Full-text