Flow-balanced-based collaborative strategies and simulation of vehicle group behaviors for on-ramp areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 102093
Author(s):  
Shuo Zheng ◽  
Haijian Li ◽  
Zhufei Huang ◽  
Keyi Li ◽  
Lingqiao Qin
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Collaborative Strategies

scholarly journals Collaborative Strategies and Simulation of Vehicle Group Behaviors for Off-Ramp Areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Tong Mo ◽  
Keyi Li ◽  
Junjie Zhang ◽  
Lingqiao Qin ◽  
Zhufei Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Connected Vehicle ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Main Road ◽  
Flow Balance ◽  
Collaborative Strategies ◽  
Balance Strategy

With the increase of vehicle ownership and the rapid growth of urban traffic, the problem of congestion in the off-ramp area of the main expressway has become the main factor restricting overall section efficiency and inducing traffic accidents. This paper focuses on the problem of group collaborative lane-changing behaviors of off-ramp vehicles and through vehicles in off-ramp areas and proposes four kinds of vehicle group collaborative strategies based on different road space balance conditions. According to a three-lane expressway scene, a VISSIM-based simulation model is built and the optimization scheme is simulated and evaluated. The simulation results show that with the increase of traffic flow in off-ramp areas, a flow-balance strategy for downstream lanes where off-ramp vehicles merge with the outside lane in advance is more advantageous. When vehicles are leaving the main road, if traffic flow is heavy, the flow-balance strategy for lanes where off-ramp vehicles merge with the outside lane in advance (for example, the proportion of off-ramp vehicles in three lanes is 0 : 0 : 1) is better; otherwise, when the traffic flow on the main road is relatively small, the flow-balance strategy for lanes where off-ramp vehicles are distributed in lanes with different ratios (e.g., 1 : 3 : 6) is better. What is more, for future traffic management in connected vehicle environments, it can be concluded that collaborative vehicle lane-changing strategies with different traffic flow states can help to enhance traffic efficiency.

Adenosine Receptor Modulation of Hypoxic-ischemic Injury in Striatum of Newborn Piglets

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 510-517
Author(s):  
Santiago Ortega-Gutierrez ◽  
Brandy Jones ◽  
Alan Mendez-Ruiz ◽  
Pankhil Shah ◽  
Michel T. Torbey
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Neuronal Injury ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Receptor Modulation ◽  
A2a Receptor ◽  
Potassium Atpase

Background: Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a major cause of pediatric and adult mortality and morbidity. Unfortunately, to date, no effective treatment has been identified. In the striatum, neuronal injury is analogous to the cellular mechanism of necrosis observed during NMethyl- D-Aspartate (NMDA) excitotoxicity. Adenosine acts as a neuromodulator in the central nervous system, the role of which relies mostly on controlling excitatory glutamatergic synapses. Objective: To examine the effect of pretreatment of SCH58261, an adenosine 2A (A2A) receptor antagonist and modulator of NMDA receptor function, following hypoxic-ischemia (HI) on sodium- potassium ATPase (Na+, K+-ATPase) activity and oxidative stress. Methods: Piglets (4-7 days old) were subjected to 30 min hypoxia and 7 min of airway occlusion producing asphyxic cardiac arrest. Groups were divided into four categories: HI samples were divided into HI-vehicle group (n = 5) and HI-A2A group (n = 5). Sham controls were divided into Sham vehicle (n = 5) and Sham A2A (n = 5) groups. Vehicle groups were pretreated with 0.9% saline, whereas A2A animals were pretreated with SCH58261 10 min prior to intervention. Striatum samples were collected 3 h post-arrest. Sodium-potassium ATPase (Na+, K+-ATPase) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) + 4-hydroxyalkenals (4-HDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels were compared. Results: Pretreatment with SCH58261 significantly attenuated the decrease in Na+, K+-ATPase, decreased MDA+4-HDA levels and increased GSH in the HI-A2A group when compared to HIvehicle. Conclusion: A2A receptor activation may contribute to neuronal injury in newborn striatum after HI in association with decreased Na+, K+-ATPase activity and increased oxidative stress.

Staging the Spanish Golden Age

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Jeffs
Keyword(s):  
Golden Age ◽  
Common Goal ◽  
Collaborative Model ◽  
Spanish Golden Age ◽  
Creative Processes ◽  
Collaborative Strategies ◽  
And Performance

This book offers first-hand experiences from the rehearsal room of the Royal Shakespeare Company’s 2004–5 Spanish Golden Age season in order to put forth a collaborative model for translating, rehearsing, and performing Spanish Golden Age drama. Building on the RSC season, the volume proposes translation and communication methodologies that can feed the creative processes of working actors and directors, while maintaining an ethos of fidelity with regards to the original texts. A successful theatrical ensemble thrives on the mingling of these different voices directed towards a common goal. The work carried out during this season has repercussions in the areas comedia critics debate on the page; each of the chapters engages with one area of these overlapping disciplines. Now that the Royal Shakespeare Company’s Spanish Golden Age season has closed, this book posits a model for future productions of the comedia in English, one that recognizes the need for the languages of the scholar and the theatre artist to be made mutually intelligible by the use of collaborative strategies, mediated by a consultant or dramaturg proficient in both tongues. This model applies more generally to theatrical collaborations involving a translator, writer, and director, and is intended to be useful for translation and performance processes in any language.

scholarly journals S62798, a TAFIa inhibitor, accelerates endogenous thrombolysis in a murine model of pulmonary thromboembolism

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Sansilvestri-Morel ◽  
F Bertin ◽  
I Lapret ◽  
B Neau ◽  
V Blanc-Guillemaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Thromboembolism ◽  
Prediction Interval ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Cardiovascular Death ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Fibrin Deposition ◽  
Minimal Effective Dose ◽  
Endogenous Fibrinolysis

Abstract   Pulmonary embolism (PE) is the third leading cause of cardiovascular death in western countries. The enhancement of fibrinolysis constitutes a promising approach to treat thrombotic diseases. In patients, venous thrombosis and thromboembolism risks are associated with increased plasma levels of TAFI (Thrombin Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor) antigen as well as the active form TAFIa. S62798 is a competitive, selective and potent human TAFIa inhibitor (IC50±SD=11.2±0.4nM). It is however less potent on mouse TAFIa (IC50±SD=270±39nM). Here, we tested the ability of S62798 to enhance endogenous fibrinolysis in a mouse model of pulmonary thromboembolism. Human Tissue Factor (TF) was injected in C57Bl6 male mice. Ten minutes later, mice (n=4 to 14 per group) were treated (IV) with S62798 (from 0.01 to 100mg/kg) or vehicle (0.9% NaCl). Ten or twenty minutes (min) later, mice were anesthetized and lungs were collected, homogenized and pulmonary fibrin was quantified by ELISA. Results are expressed as ratio of geometric mean of pulmonary fibrin (μg/mL): tested treatment/ vehicle [95% confidence interval (CI)]. Ten minutes after S62798 treatment, pulmonary fibrin deposition was dose-dependently decreased with a Minimal Effective Dose of 0.04mg/kg [90% prediction interval 0.037 - 0.051] and an ED50 of 0.03mg/kg [95% CI: 0.01; 0.06]. Mice were then treated with 0.1mg/kg S62798 or vehicle (10 min after TF induction) and fibrin deposition in lungs was quantified 10 and 20 minutes post S62798 treatment. The level of pulmonary fibrin deposition was significantly decreased (p<0.0001) compared to vehicle group (ratio 0.31 [0.21; 0.45] at 10 min; 0.35 [0.24; 0.51] at 20 min). Finally, the effect of S62798 (1mg/kg) in combination with heparin was evaluated (n=10/group). When administered 10 min before TF injection, heparin (2000IU/kg) significantly (p<0.0001) decreased pulmonary fibrin level (20 min post TF: ratio 0.03 [0.01; 0.05]). When treatment was done in a curative setting (10 min post TF), heparin alone had no effect (p=0.85) on fibrin deposition (ratio 0.96 [0.65; 1.43]) whereas a similar significant (p<0.0001) decreased pulmonary fibrin deposition was observed in response to S62798 alone or associated with heparin (ratio 0.27 [0.18; 0.40] (S62798 alone) and 0.29 [0.20; 0.43] (S62798+heparin)). In this model, curative S62798 treatment, alone or associated to heparin, accelerated clot degradation by potentiating endogenous fibrinolysis and thus decreased pulmonary fibrin deposition. Due to its capacity to enhance endogenous fibrinolysis, S62798, which has completed phase I studies, is expected to be a therapeutic option for intermediate high risk PE patients on top of anticoagulants. With early recanalization, S62798 should rapidly reduce pulmonary artery pressure and resistance, with concomitant improvement in right ventricular function, preserving cardiac function, and reducing acute PE-related morbidity and mortality in these patients. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

scholarly journals Comparison of Repeated Doses of C-kit-Positive Cardiac Cells versus a Single Equivalent Combined Dose in a Murine Model of Chronic Ischemic Cardiomyopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3145
Author(s):  
Qianhong Li ◽  
Yiru Guo ◽  
Yibing Nong ◽  
Alex Tomlin ◽  
Anna Gumpert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Dose ◽  
Ischemic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Cardiac Cells ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Lv Function ◽  
Body Weight Ratio ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Difference

Using a murine model of chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy caused by an old myocardial infarction (MI), we have previously found that three doses of 1 × 106 c-kit positive cardiac cells (CPCs) are more effective than a single dose of 1 × 106 cells. The goal of this study was to determine whether the beneficial effects of three doses of CPCs (1 × 106 cells each) can be fully replicated by a single combined dose of 3 × 106 CPCs. Mice underwent a 60-min coronary occlusion; after 90 days of reperfusion, they received three echo-guided intraventricular infusions at 5-week intervals: (1) vehicle × 3; (2) one combined dose of CPCs (3 × 106) and vehicle × 2; or (3) three doses of CPCs (1 × 106 each). In the combined-dose group, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) improved after the 1st CPC infusion, but not after the 2nd and 3rd (vehicle) infusions. In contrast, in the multiple-dose group, LVEF increased after each CPC infusion; at the final echo, LVEF averaged 35.2 ± 0.6% (p < 0.001 vs. the vehicle group, 27.3 ± 0.2%). At the end of the study, the total cumulative change in EF from pretreatment values was numerically greater in the multiple-dose group (6.6 ± 0.6%) than in the combined-dose group (4.8 ± 0.8%), although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.08). Hemodynamic studies showed that several parameters of LV function in the multiple-dose group were numerically greater than in the combined-dose group (p = 0.08 for the difference in LVEF). Compared with vehicle, cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area was reduced only in the multiple-dose group (−32.7%, 182.6 ± 15.1 µm2 vs. 271.5 ± 27.2 µm2, p < 0.05, in the risk region and −28.5%, 148.5 ± 12.1 µm2 vs. 207.6 ± 20.5 µm2, p < 0.05, in the noninfarcted region). LV weight/body weight ratio and LV weight/tibia length ratios were significantly reduced in both cell treated groups vs. the vehicle group, indicating the attenuation of LV hypertrophy; however, the lung weight/body weight ratio was significantly reduced only in the multiple-dose group, suggesting decreased pulmonary congestion. Taken together, these results indicate that in mice with chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy, the beneficial effects of three doses of CPCs on LV function and hypertrophy cannot be fully replicated with a single dose, notwithstanding the fact that the total number of cells delivered with one or three doses is the same. Thus, it is the multiplicity of doses, and not the total number of cells, that accounts for the superiority of the repeated-dose paradigm. This study supports the idea that the efficacy of cell therapy in heart failure can be augmented by repeated administrations.

scholarly journals An Effective and Safe Enkephalin Analog for Antinociception

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 927
Author(s):  
KK DurgaRao Viswanadham ◽  
Roland Böttger ◽  
Lukas Hohenwarter ◽  
Anne Nguyen ◽  
Elham Rouhollahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Dependence ◽  
Opioid Peptide ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Endogenous Opioid ◽  
Endogenous Opioid Peptide ◽  
Extended Plasma ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Overdose Deaths ◽  
Plasma Half Life ◽  
Small Hydrophobic

Opioids account for 69,000 overdose deaths per annum worldwide and cause serious side effects. Safer analgesics are urgently needed. The endogenous opioid peptide Leu-Enkephalin (Leu-ENK) is ineffective when introduced peripherally due to poor stability and limited membrane permeability. We developed a focused library of Leu-ENK analogs containing small hydrophobic modifications. N-pivaloyl analog KK-103 showed the highest binding affinity to the delta opioid receptor (68% relative to Leu-ENK) and an extended plasma half-life of 37 h. In the murine hot-plate model, subcutaneous KK-103 showed 10-fold improved anticonception (142%MPE·h) compared to Leu-ENK (14%MPE·h). In the formalin model, KK-103 reduced the licking and biting time to ~50% relative to the vehicle group. KK-103 was shown to act through the opioid receptors in the central nervous system. In contrast to morphine, KK-103 was longer-lasting and did not induce breathing depression, physical dependence, and tolerance, showing potential as a safe and effective analgesic.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Juniperus communis L. seed extract on benign prostatic hyperplasia induced in male Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Akbari ◽  
Mohammad Azadbakht ◽  
Kanu Megha ◽  
Ayat Dashti ◽  
Lale Vahedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Juniperus Communis ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Abstract Background Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common disease which causes various health problems for elderly men such as urinary retention, recurring urinary tract infection and bladder stones. The aim of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic effects of Juniperus communis L. seed extract (JCS) on BPH in male Wistar rats. Methods To this end, 30 rats were divided into 5 groups (N = 6): group 1 (vehicle), group 2 (disease control), group 3 (standard medicine; 10 mg/kg finasteride), and groups 4 and 5 were treated with 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg of the hydroalcoholic JCS seed extract, respectively. Groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 received testosterone enanthate to induce prostatic hyperplasia. At the end of experimental period (28 days), prostate glands were cut off under anesthesia. Histopathological examination was done and biochemical parameters such as Malondialdehyde, Glutathione and protein carbonyl were also measured. Their body weights were also observed during the study. At the end of the experiment, prostate weights and prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels were measured. Prostate index, inhibition prostate weight and inhibition prostate index were also calculated. Results Both histopathological examination and biochemical parameter results showed significant improvements in rats treated with finasteride and 600 mg/kg JCS extract (p < 0.01). In addition, PSA levels showed significant decrease in comparison with the disease group. But acute toxicity test indicated that using JCS extract resulted in an increase in liver enzymes (ALP, LDH, SGOT, SGPT). As a result, the extract should be used with caution. Conclusions Oral administration of JCS extract is effective on preventing testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia.

scholarly journals Selective A2A adenosine receptor activation reduces skin pressure ulcer formation and inflammation

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (1) ◽  
pp. H67-H74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shayn M. Peirce ◽  
Thomas C. Skalak ◽  
Jayson M. Rieger ◽  
Timothy L. Macdonald ◽  
Joel Linden
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Pressure Ulcer ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Metal Plate ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Ulcer Formation ◽  
A2a Adenosine Receptor

Activation of A2A adenosine receptors (A2A-AR) by ATL-146e (formerly DWH-146e) prevents inflammatory cell activation and adhesion. Recurrent ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) of the skin results in pressure ulcer formation, a major clinical problem. ATL-146e was evaluated in a novel reproducible rat model of pressure ulcer. A 9-cm2 region of dorsal rat skin was cyclically compressed at 50 mmHg using a surgically implanted metal plate and an overlying magnet to generate reproducible tissue necrosis. Osmotic minipumps were implanted into 24 rats divided into four equal groups to infuse vehicle (control), ATL-146e (0.004 μg · kg−1 · min−1), ATL-146e plus an equimolar concentration of A2A antagonist, ZM-241385, or ZM-241385 alone. Each group received 10 I/R cycles. In non-I/R-treated skin, ATL-146e has no effect on blood flow. I/R-treated skin of the ATL-146e group compared with the vehicle group had 65% less necrotic area, 31% less inhibition of average skin blood flow, and fewer extravasated leukocytes (23 ± 3 vs. 49 ± 6 per 500 μm2). These data suggest that ATL-146e, acting via an A2A-AR, reduces leukocyte infiltration and is a potent prophylactic for I/R injury in skin.

scholarly journals Possible Crosstalk of the Immune Cells within the Lung and Mediastinal Fat-Associated Lymphoid Clusters in the Acute Inflammatory Lung Asthma-Like Mouse Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6878
Author(s):  
Yaser Hosny Ali Elewa ◽  
Mahmoud Mansour Abd Elwakil ◽  
Osamu Ichii ◽  
Teppei Nakamura ◽  
Sherif Kh. A. Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Natural Helper ◽  
B And T Lymphocytes ◽  
Intranasal Instillation

Recently, we clarified the function of mediastinal fat-associated lymphoid clusters (MFALCs) in the progression of several respiratory diseases. However, their role has not yet been identified in the lung asthmatic condition. Hence, we compared the immune cells in lung and MFALCs of C57BL/6N mice on days 3 and 7 following intranasal instillation of either papain (papain group “PG”) or phosphate buffer saline (PBS) (vehicle group “VG”). The PG showed significantly prominent MFALCs, numerous goblet cells (GCs), and higher index ratios of different immune cells (macrophages, natural helper cells (NHC), B- and T-lymphocytes) within the MFALCs and lung than in the VG on both days 3 and 7. Interestingly, a tendency of decreased size of MFALCs and a significant reduction in the number of GCs and immune cells were observed within the MFALCs and lung in the PG on day 7 than on day 3. Furthermore, the quantitative parameters of these immune cells in MFALCs were significantly and positively correlated with the size of MFALCs and immune cells in the lung. This suggested that the possible crosstalk between immune cells within MFALCs and the lung could play a critical role in the progression and recovery of the acute inflammatory lung asthma.

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