scholarly journals Estrogen response element-independent signaling partially restores post-ovariectomy body weight gain but is not sufficient for 17β-estradiol’s control of energy homeostasis

Steroids ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 88-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle J. Mamounis ◽  
Jennifer A. Yang ◽  
Ali Yasrebi ◽  
Troy A. Roepke
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Estrogen Response Element ◽  
Response Element ◽  
Estrogen Response

scholarly journals Neonatal nutritional programming impairs adiponectin effects on energy homeostasis in adult life of male rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (1) ◽  
pp. E29-E37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Peduti Halah ◽  
Paula Beatriz Marangon ◽  
Jose Antunes-Rodrigues ◽  
Lucila L. K. Elias
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Nutritional Programming

Neonatal nutritional changes induce long-lasting effects on energy homeostasis. Adiponectin influences food intake and body weight. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of neonatal nutritional programming on the central stimulation of adiponectin. Male Wistar rats were divided on postnatal (PN) day 3 in litters of 3 (small litter, SL), 10 (normal litter, NL), or 16 pups/dam (large litter, LL). We assessed body weight gain for 60 days, adiponectin concentration, and white adipose tissue weight. We examined the response of SL, NL, and LL rats on body weight gain, food intake, oxygen consumption (V̇o2), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), calorimetry, locomotor activity, phosphorylated-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) expression in the hypothalamus, and uncoupling protein (UCP)-1 in the brown adipose tissue after central stimulus with adiponectin. After weaning, SL rats maintained higher body weight gain despite similar food intake compared with NL rats. LL rats showed lower body weight at weaning, with a catch up afterward and higher food intake. Both LL and SL groups had decreased plasma concentrations of adiponectin at PN60. SL rats had increased white adipose tissue. Central injection of adiponectin decreased body weight and food intake and increased V̇o2, RER, calorimetry, p-AMPK and UCP- 1 expression in NL rats, but it had no effect on SL and LL rats, compared with the respective vehicle groups. In conclusion, neonatal under- and overfeeding induced an increase in body weight gain in juvenile and early adult life. Unresponsiveness to central effects of adiponectin contributes to the imbalance of the energy homeostasis in adult life induced by neonatal nutritional programming.

scholarly journals Combined Deletion of Y1, Y2, and Y4 Receptors Prevents Hypothalamic Neuropeptide Y Overexpression-Induced Hyperinsulinemia despite Persistence of Hyperphagia and Obesity

Endocrinology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 147 (11) ◽  
pp. 5094-5101 ◽  
Author(s):  
En-Ju D. Lin ◽  
Amanda Sainsbury ◽  
Nicola J. Lee ◽  
Dana Boey ◽  
Michelle Couzens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Obesity Syndrome ◽  
Y Receptors

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a key regulator of energy homeostasis and is implicated in the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Whereas it is known that hypothalamic administration of exogenous NPY peptides leads to increased body weight gain, hyperphagia, and many hormonal and metabolic changes characteristic of an obesity syndrome, the Y receptor(s) mediating these effects is disputed and unclear. To investigate the role of different Y receptors in the NPY-induced obesity syndrome, we used recombinant adeno-associated viral vector to overexpress NPY in mice deficient of selective single or multiple Y receptors (including Y1, Y2, and Y4). Results from this study demonstrated that long-term hypothalamic overexpression of NPY lead to marked hyperphagia, hypogonadism, body weight gain, enhanced adipose tissue accumulation, hyperinsulinemia, and other hormonal changes characteristic of an obesity syndrome. NPY-induced hyperphagia, hypogonadism, and obesity syndrome persisted in all genotypes studied (Y1−/−, Y2−/−, Y2Y4−/−, and Y1Y2Y4−/− mice). However, triple deletion of Y1, Y2, and Y4 receptors prevented NPY-induced hyperinsulinemia. These findings suggest that Y1, Y2, and Y4 receptors under this condition are not crucially involved in NPY’s hyperphagic, hypogonadal, and obesogenic effects, but they are responsible for the central regulation of circulating insulin levels by NPY.

scholarly journals Stress facilitates body weight gain in genetically predisposed rats on medium-fat diet

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (4) ◽  
pp. R791-R799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal Michel ◽  
Barry E. Levin ◽  
Ambrose A. Dunn-Meynell
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Central Nucleus ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Dorsomedial Nucleus

To assess the interaction between stress and energy homeostasis, we immobilized male Sprague-Dawley rats prone to diet-induced obesity (DIO) or diet resistance (DR) once for 20 min and then fed them either low-fat (4.5%) chow or a medium-fat (31%), high-energy (HE) diet for 9 days. Stressed, chow-fed DIO rats gained less, while stressed DIO rats on HE diet gained more body weight and had higher feed efficiency and plasma leptin levels than unstressed controls. Neither stress nor diet affected DR body weight gain. While stress-induced plasma corticosterone levels did not differ between phenotypes, DIO rats were initially more active in an open field and had higher hippocampal dentate gyrus and CA1 glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mRNA than DR rats, regardless of prior stress or diet. HE diet intake was associated with raised dentate gyrus and CA1 GR and amygdalar central nucleus (CeA) corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) mRNA expression, while stress was associated with reduced hypothalamic dorsomedial nucleus Ob-R mRNA and CeA CRH specifically in DIO rats fed HE diet. Thus a single stress triggers a complex interaction among weight gain phenotype, diet, and stress responsivity, which determines the body weight and adiposity of a given individual.

scholarly journals Early leptin blockade predisposes fat-fed rats to overweight and modifies hypothalamic microRNAs

2013 ◽  
Vol 218 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Benoit ◽  
Hassina Ould-Hamouda ◽  
Delphine Crepin ◽  
Arieh Gertler ◽  
Laurence Amar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Expression Profile ◽  
Mirna Expression ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Mirna Expression Pattern

Perinatal leptin impairment has long-term consequences on energy homeostasis leading to body weight gain. The underlying mechanisms are still not clearly established. We aimed to analyze the long-term effects of early leptin blockade. In this study, newborn rats received daily injection of a pegylated rat leptin antagonist (pRLA) or saline from day 2 (d2) to d13 and then body weight gain, insulin/leptin sensitivity, and expression profile of microRNAs (miRNAs) at the hypothalamic level were determined at d28, d90, or d153 (following 1 month of high-fat diet (HFD) challenge). We show that pRLA treatment predisposes rats to overweight and promotes leptin/insulin resistance in both hypothalamus and liver at adulthood. pRLA treatment also modifies the hypothalamic miRNA expression profile at d28 leading to the upregulation of 34 miRNAs and the downregulation of four miRNAs. For quantitative RT-PCR confirmation, we show the upregulation of rno-miR-10a at d28 and rno-miR-200a, rno-miR-409-5p, and rno-miR-125a-3p following HFD challenge. Finally, pRLA treatment modifies the expression of genes involved in energy homeostasis control such as UCPs and AdipoRs. In pRLA rat muscle,Ucp2/3andAdipor1/r2are upregulated at d90. In liver, pRLA treatment upregulatesAdipor1/r2following HFD challenge. These genes are known to be involved in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the impairment of leptin action in early life promotes insulin/leptin resistance and modifies the hypothalamic miRNA expression pattern in adulthood, and finally, this study highlights the potential link between hypothalamic miRNA expression pattern and insulin/leptin responsiveness.

scholarly journals A Functional Leptin System Is Essential for Sodium Tungstate Antiobesity Action

Endocrinology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 642-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignasi Canals ◽  
María C. Carmona ◽  
Marta Amigó ◽  
Albert Barbera ◽  
Analía Bortolozzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Sodium Tungstate ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Leptin System

Sodium tungstate is a novel agent in the treatment of obesity. In diet-induced obese rats, it is able to reduce body weight gain by increasing energy expenditure. This study evaluated the role of leptin, a key regulator of energy homeostasis, in the tungstate antiobesity effect. Leptin receptor-deficient Zucker fa/fa rats and leptin-deficient ob/ob mice were treated with tungstate. In lean animals, tungstate administration reduced body weight gain and food intake and increased energy expenditure. However, in animals with deficiencies in the leptin system, treatment did not modify these parameters. In ob/ob mice in which leptin deficiency was restored through adipose tissue transplantation, treatment restored the tungstate-induced body weight gain and food intake reduction as well as energy expenditure increase. Furthermore, in animals in which tungstate administration increased energy expenditure, changes in the expression of key genes involved in brown adipose tissue thermogenesis were detected. Finally, the gene expression of the hypothalamic neuropeptides, Npy, Agrp, and Cart, involved in the leptin regulation of energy homeostasis, was also modified by tungstate in a leptin-dependent manner. In summary, the results indicate that the effectiveness of tungstate in reducing body weight gain is completely dependent on a functional leptin system. Anti-obesity activity of tungstate is due to an increase in thermogenesis and a reduction in food intake and depends entirely on a functional leptin system.

scholarly journals AMPK signaling mediates synphilin-1-induced hyperphagia and obesity in drosophila

2020 ◽  
pp. jcs.247742
Author(s):  
Jingnan Liu ◽  
Xiaobo Wang ◽  
Rui Ma ◽  
Tianxia Li ◽  
Gongbo Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Ampk Signaling ◽  
Ampk Phosphorylation ◽  
Transgenic Flies

Expression of synphilin-1 in neurons induces hyperphagia and obesity in a Drosophila model. However, the molecular pathways underlying synphilin-1-linked obesity remain unclear. Here, the Drosophila models and genetic tools were used to study the synphilin-1-linked pathways in energy balance by combining molecular biology and pharmacological approaches. We found that expression of human synphilin-1 in flies increased AMPK phosphorylation at Thr172 compared with non-transgenic flies. Knockdown of AMPK reduced AMPK phosphorylation and food intake in non-transgenic flies, and further suppressed synphilin-1-induced AMPK phosphorylation, hyperphagia, fat storage, and body weight gain in transgenic flies. Expression of constitutively activated AMPK significantly increased food intake and body weight gain in non-transgenic flies, but it did not alter food intake in the synphilin-1 transgenic flies. In contrast, expression of dominant-negative AMPK reduced food intake in both non-transgenic and synphilin-1 transgenic flies. Treatment with STO609 also suppressed synphilin-1-induced AMPK phosphorylation, hyperphagia and body weight gain. These results demonstrated that the AMPKsignaling pathway plays a critical role in synphilin-1-induced hyperphagia and obesity. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of synphilin-1 controlled energy homeostasis.

scholarly journals Cyp8b1 ablation prevents Western diet-induced weight gain and hepatic steatosis because of impaired fat absorption

2017 ◽  
Vol 313 (2) ◽  
pp. E121-E133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Bertaggia ◽  
Kristian K. Jensen ◽  
Jose Castro-Perez ◽  
Yimeng Xu ◽  
Gilbert Di Paolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Western Diet ◽  
Lipid Absorption ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Diabetes Therapy ◽  
Body Energy

Bile acids (BAs) are cholesterol derivatives that regulate lipid metabolism, through their dual abilities to promote lipid absorption and activate BA receptors. However, different BA species have varying abilities to perform these functions. Eliminating 12α-hydroxy BAs in mice via Cyp8b1 knockout causes low body weight and improved glucose tolerance. The goal of this study was to determine mechanisms of low body weight in Cyp8b1−/− mice. We challenged Cyp8b1−/− mice with a Western-type diet and assessed body weight and composition. We measured energy expenditure, fecal calories, and lipid absorption and performed lipidomic studies on feces and intestine. We investigated the requirement for dietary fat in the phenotype using a fat-free diet. Cyp8b1−/− mice were resistant to Western diet-induced body weight gain, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance. These changes were associated with increased fecal calories, due to malabsorption of hydrolyzed dietary triglycerides. This was reversed by treating the mice with taurocholic acid, the major 12α-hydroxylated BA species. The improvements in body weight and steatosis were normalized by feeding mice a fat-free diet. The effects of BA composition on intestinal lipid handling are important for whole body energy homeostasis. Thus modulating BA composition is a potential tool for obesity or diabetes therapy.

Repeated administration of the anorectic factor prolactin-releasing peptide leads to tolerance to its effects on energy homeostasis

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (5) ◽  
pp. R1005-R1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate L. J. Ellacott ◽  
Catherine B. Lawrence ◽  
Lynn E. Pritchard ◽  
Simon M. Luckman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Daily Injection ◽  
Central Administration ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Prolactin Releasing Peptide

Central administration of a single dose of prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) causes a reduction in both fast-induced and nocturnal food intake and body weight gain. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of repeated administration of PrRP on energy homeostasis, including a measure of the expression of the mitochondrial uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) in brown adipose tissue. Conscious, free-feeding animals received central injections of PrRP (4 nmol icv) or vehicle. A single injection at 1000 caused a sustained hyperthermia over the 4-h test period and an increase in the expression of UCP-1 mRNA. Repeated, twice daily injection caused a reduction in body weight gain greater than that seen in pair-fed animals for the first 48-72 h. After 72 h, the animals became refractory to the actions of PrRP. The pair-fed group showed a reduction in UCP-1 mRNA expression at 48 h, which was reversed by PrRP treatment. This study indicates that PrRP exerts its effects on energy homeostasis in the short-medium term by reducing food intake and increasing energy expenditure.

PENGEMBANGAN TANAMAN RAMI (Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud) DAN PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH DAUN RAMI UNTUK PENGGEMUKKAN DOMBA WONOSOBO

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-210
Author(s):  
Muryanto Muryanto ◽  
Pita Sudrajad ◽  
Amrih Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
The Body ◽  
Boehmeria Nivea ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Potential Capacity ◽  
The Given

The aim of the study was to determine the development of ramie plants (Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud) and the effect of using ramie leaves on feed on the body weight gain of Wonosobo Sheep (Dombos). Research on the development of ramie plants using survey methods in the area of ramie plant development in Wonosobo Regency. While the research on the use of ramie leaves for fattening was carried out in Butuh Village, Kalikajar District, Wonosobo Regency in 2018. 21 male Dombos were divided into 3 feed treatments with forage proportions of 70%, 50% and 30 ramie leaves respectively. %. The results showed that currently ramie plants were being developed in Wonosobo Regency by CV. Ramindo Berkah Persada Sejahtera in Gandok Village, Kalikajar District, Wonosobo Regency, Central Java. Until now the area of the crop has reached 13 ha. Of this area will produce ramie leaves 195,000 kg / year. If one sheep needs 4 kg of ramie / tail / day leaves, then the potential capacity of sheep is 135 heads / year, if the given one is 50% then the Jurnal Litbang Provinsi Jawa Tengah, Volume 16 202 Nomor 2 – Desember 2018potential capacity is 270 heads / year and if it is reduced again to 25% of ramie leaves then the potential capacity 440 heads / year. The use of ramie leaves as a feed for Wonosobo Sheep fattening can be given as much as 30% in fresh form.

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