The cost of sharing bikes and docks: Quantifying rent and work requirements between four bike sharing systems in North America

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 193-208
Author(s):  
Dimitris Papanikolaou
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Work Requirements ◽  
Bike Sharing ◽  
The Cost

scholarly journals Perceived efficacy of livestock-guarding dogs in South Africa: Implications for cheetah conservation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niki Rust ◽  
Douglas MacMillan ◽  
Katherine Whitehouse-Tedd
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
North America ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Lethal Control ◽  
Large Carnivore ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
Domestic Livestock ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Financial Losses

Large wild carnivore predation on domestic livestock and the associated financial losses may increase efforts toward lethal control of carnivore populations. Livestock‐guarding dogs could provide an effective alternative to such lethal control by mitigating depredation losses. Although this information is available in North America, the cost‐effectiveness of guarding dogs has not been studied in other areas experiencing large carnivore depredation such as South Africa, where the socio‐economic context is very different from that of North America. We assessed the costs and benefits of 97 livestock‐guarding dogs working on 94 farms in South Africa between 2005 and 2011 by reviewing data collected from questionnaires on perceived depredation losses prior to and during guarding dog placement, rates of guarding dog behavioral problems, removals, and pre‐senile mortality.

scholarly journals Determining Textbook Cost, Formats, and Licensing with Google Books API: A Case Study from an Open Textbook Project

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
Eamon Costello ◽  
Richard Bolger ◽  
Tiziana Soverino ◽  
Mark Brown
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
North America ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
The Public ◽  
College Course ◽  
The Us ◽  
Google Books ◽  
Retail Prices ◽  
The Cost

The rising cost of textbooks for students has been highlighted as a major concern in higher education, particularly in the US and Canada. Less has been reported, however, about the costs of textbooks outside of North America, including in Europe. We address this gap in the knowledge through a case study of one Irish higher education institution, focusing on the cost, accessibility, and licensing of textbooks. We report here on an investigation of textbook prices drawing from an official college course catalog containing several thousand books. We detail how we sought to determine metadata of these books including: the formats they are available in, whether they are in the public domain, and the retail prices. We explain how we used methods to automatically determine textbook costs using Google Books API and make our code and dataset publicly available. 

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Trends of E-Bike Sharing System Deployment: A Review in Europe, North America and Asia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos-Fivos Galatoulas ◽  
Konstantinos N. Genikomsakis ◽  
Christos S. Ioakimidis
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Alternative Mode ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Online Source ◽  
Scale Population ◽  
Bike Sharing ◽  
Mode Of Transportation ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Recent data on conventional bike and/or electric bike (e-bike) sharing systems reveal that more than 2900 systems are operating in cities worldwide, indicating the increased adoption of this alternative mode of transportation. Addressing the existing gap in the literature regarding the deployment of e-bike sharing systems (e-BSSs) in particular, this paper reviews their spatio-temporal characteristics, and attempts to (a) map the worldwide distribution of e-BSSs, (b) identify temporal trends in terms of annual growth/expansion of e-BSS deployment worldwide and (c) explore the spatial characteristics of the recorded growth, in terms of adoption on a country scale, population coverage and type of system/initial fleet sizes. To that end, it examines the patterns identified from the global to the country level, based on data collected from an online source of BSS information worldwide. A comparative analysis is performed with a focus on Europe, North America and Asia, providing insights on the growth rate of the specific bikesharing market segment. Although the dockless e-BSS has been only within three years of competition with station-based implementations, it shows a rapid integration to the overall technology diffusion trend, while it is more established in Asia and North America in comparison with Europe and launches with larger fleet sizes.

Driving superior returns through strategic alignment in oil and gas

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 434
Author(s):  
Matt Guthridge ◽  
Jason Miller
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Strategic Alignment ◽  
Investment Environment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Strategic Execution ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Oil And Gas Companies

In the past decade, Australia has enjoyed significant investment in its LNG, gas and oil projects, with the combined value of projects at the publicly announced stage totalling A$197 billion. The cost of developing new LNG, gas and oil projects has escalated in the past 10 years, making Australia less competitive with locations such as North America and East Africa. The higher costs mean that many proposed projects, especially greenfield developments, will not reach a final investment decision. In this constrained investment environment, it is important for oil and gas companies to execute strategies that earn a strong return on the capital they employ. More than 200 Australian and Asian energy and resources executives were asked to rate their company’s strategic execution capability; this revealed that oil and gas companies that have strategically-aligned operating models earn higher returns on capital employed (ROCE). It was found that while 79% of respondents believe their organisations have the correct strategy in place, only 55% believe their organisation is executing their strategy well now. The research revealed that highly aligned oil and gas organisations are three times more likely to be executing successfully than their less aligned peers. Overall, the results imply that top teams who clearly align behind a strategy and successfully translate its intent throughout their organisations make better use of their invested capital. The level of strategic alignment is a key question for both oil and gas investors and company executives.

scholarly journals Optimizing the Location of Virtual Stations in Free-Floating Bike-Sharing Systems with the User Demand during Morning and Evening Rush Hours

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuo Sun ◽  
Yiming Li ◽  
Yi Zuo
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Optimized Design ◽  
Bike Sharing ◽  
User Demand ◽  
Location Assignment ◽  
Milp Model ◽  
The Cost

In recent years, free-floating bike-sharing systems (FFBSSs) have been considerably developed in China. As there is no requirement to construct bike stations, this system can substantially reduce the cost when compared to the traditional bike-sharing systems. However, FFBSSs have also become a critical cause of parking disorder, especially during the morning and evening rush hours. To address this issue, the local governments stipulated that FFBSSs are required to deploy virtual stations near public transit stations and major establishments. Therefore, the location assignment of virtual stations is sufficiently considered in the FFBSSs, which is required to solve the parking disorder and satisfy the user demand, simultaneously. The purpose of this study is to optimize the location assignment of virtual stations that can meet the growing demand of users by analyzing the usage data of their shared bikes. This optimization problem is generally formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model to maximize the user demand. As an alternative solution, this article proposes a clustering algorithm, which can solve this problem in real time. The experimental results demonstrate that the MILP model and the proposed method are superior to the K-means method. Our method not only provides a solution for maximizing the user demand but also gives an optimized design scheme of the FFBSSs that represents the characteristics of virtual stations.

scholarly journals What Are the Costs of Diagnostics and Treatment of Lyme Borreliosis in Poland?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Rogalska ◽  
Olga Pawełczyk ◽  
Krzysztof Solarz ◽  
Tomasz Holecki
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Lyme Borreliosis ◽  
Specialist Care ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Average Monthly Salary ◽  
Monthly Salary

Lyme borreliosis (LB) is a growing epidemiological threat in many areas of the world, including North America and Europe. Due to the lack of effective protection against this disease, it seems important to ensure a timely diagnosis for effective treatment and the prevention of serious health consequences. The aim of this study was to assess the costs of diagnosis and treatment of Lyme disease in Poland. The costs incurred for the medical payer were analyzed. The cost of hospitalization due to LB for one patient in 2018 was estimated to be ~582.39 EUR, which constituted 53.10% of the average monthly salary of that year. In the analyzed period (2008–2018), the number of people treated by medical services due to Lyme disease increased, both in hospitalization and ambulatory specialist care. Although, the costs of hospitalization were the highest of the two, we noticed a change ratio between hospitalization and ambulatory specialist care in favor of the latter.

scholarly journals Global detection of rainfall triggered landslide clusters

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne A. Benz ◽  
Philipp Blum
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
The West ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Himalaya

Abstract. An increasing awareness of the cost of landslides on the global economy and of the associated loss of human life, has led to the development of various global landslide databases. However, these databases typically report landslide events instead of individual landslides, i.e. a group of landslides with a common trigger and reported by media, citizens and/or government officials as a single unit. The latter results in significant cataloging and reporting biases. To counteract this biases, this study aims to identify clusters of landslide events that were triggered by the same rainfall event. Here the developed algorithm is applied to the Global Landslide Catalog (GLC) maintained by NASA. The results show that more than 40 % of all landslide events are connected to at least one other event, and that 14 % of all studied landslide events are actually part of a landslide cluster consisting of at least 10 events. However, in a more regional analysis this number ranges from 30 % for the West Coast of North America to 3 % in the Himalaya Region. The cluster with most landslide events in a day is located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with 108 events on 6th April 2010. In contrast, the longest running cluster was observed on the West Coast of North America with 132 events occurring in an area of over 120,000 km2 during 24 days in December 2015. Our study intends to enhance our understanding of landslide clustering and thus will assist in the development of improved, internationally streamlined mitigation strategies for rainfall related landslide clusters.

A Technical and Economic Comparison of Raised Face Versus Ring Joint Flanges

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher D. Reichert ◽  
Barry Messer ◽  
Larissa C. Reichert
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cost Differential ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
New Construction ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Economic Comparison

On new construction projects, designers are frequently faced with the choice of whether to use raised face or ring joint flanges for piping systems. Often, decisions are made based on flange types used in the past, without due consideration for the merits of either style. On major piping projects, the decision can have significant and far reaching impacts for the owner of the facility, from a cost, constructability, and operational point of view. The authors of this paper studied several recent projects in North America and Europe and performed a technical comparison of the strengths and weaknesses of each style of flange. The authors also performed a comprehensive estimate of the cost differential between using the different styles of flanges. The provision of both technical and economic data in one paper is intended to provide a resource of data that designers need to make an informed decision about which style of flange to use.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document