The relationship between the healthy eating index and an alternate healthy eating index with the risk factors for cardiovascular disease in a population from northeastern Iran

Abstract Objectives The Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 is a measure of diet quality in reference to the 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. We examined the relationship between HEI-2015 and several indices of cardiometabolic risk factors among individuals with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) (>3 years after injury). Methods Twenty-four participants without type 2 diabetes were included (45 ± 12 y, 8F/16 M, 9 Tetraplegia/15 Paraplegia, time since injury: 20 ± 13 y). All participants underwent a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), a Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan (DXA), and 3 24-hour multiple-pass dietary recalls. HEI-2015 was calculated using the dietary recall data. To build the regression model, firstly, principal component (PC) analysis was used to reduce the number of covariates from 3 (level of injury, gender, percentage body fat estimated from the DXA) to 2 PCs. Multiple linear regression analyses were run to predict indices of lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis as well as C-reactive protein (CRP) from the HEI and the 2 PC scores. Results The average HEI-2015 score was lower for participants with SCI compared to the general American population (48 ± 11 vs. 59, P < 0.05). The regression models for fasting glucose (FG), Cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and CRP had moderate to large effect sizes (adjusted R2 > 13%), indicating good explanatory ability of the predictors. Small or limited effect sizes were observed for other models (glucose tolerance, fasting insulin, triaglycerides, and Matsuda index, adjusted R2 < 13% for all). Furthermore, the HEI accounted for a moderate amount of variation in FG as evidenced by partial Omega-squared of 13%. Each 10-point increase of the HEI was associated with a 3.3 mg/dL decrease in FG concentrations. However, HEI accounted for a limited amount of variations in other indices (ωP2 < 5% for all). Conclusions Our exploratory analyses suggest that HEI-2015 has limited effects on blood lipids and CRP but may be associated with lower FG concentrations in our sample group. Future larger studies are warranted to delineate the relationship between diet quality and cardiometabolic health outcomes in individuals with SCI. Funding Sources The National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research.

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The Relationship between Immigration Status and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in United States Adults with Diabetes—A 14-Year Study

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/db18-1491-p ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 1491-P

Author(s):

APRILL DAWSON ◽

EMMA GARACCI ◽

MUKOSO N. OZIEH ◽

REBEKAH J. WALKER ◽

LEONARD E. EGEDE

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors ◽

Immigration Status ◽

The Relationship

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Mortality and associated risk factors in diabetics

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.110s021 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 110 (4_Suppl) ◽

pp. S21-S26 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

R. J. Jarrett ◽

M. J. Shipley

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

Diabetic Population ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

The Relationship

Summary. In 168 male diabetics aged 40-64 years participating in the Whitehall Study, ten-year age adjusted mortality rates were significantly higher than in non-diabetics for all causes, coronary heart disease, all cardiovascular disease and, in addition, causes other than cardiovascular. Mortality rates were not significantly related to known duration of the diabetes. The predictive effects of several major mortality risk factors were similar in diabetics and non-diabetics. Excess mortality rates in the diabetics could not be attributed to differences in levels of blood pressure or any other of the major risk factors measured. Key words: diabetics; mortality rates; risk factors; coronary heart disease. There are many studies documenting higher mortality rates - particularly from cardiovascular disease -in diabetics compared with age and sex matched diabetics from the same population (see Jarrett et al. (1982) for review). However, there is sparse information relating potential risk factors to subsequent mortality within a diabetic population, information which might help to explain the increased mortality risk and also suggest preventive therapeutic approaches. In the Whitehall Study, a number of established diabetics participated in the screening programme and data on mortality rates up to ten years after screening are available. We present here a comparison of diabetics and non-diabetics in terms of relative mortality rates and the influence of conventional risk factors as well as an analysis of the relationship between duration of diabetes and mortality risk.

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Relationship between Depressive Symptoms and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in African American Individuals

Depression Research and Treatment ◽

10.1155/2011/836542 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ali A. Weinstein ◽

Preetha Abraham ◽

Guoqing Diao ◽

Stacey A. Zeno ◽

Patricia A. Deuster

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

African American ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Cvd Risk Factors ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

The Relationship

Objective. To examine the relationship between depressive symptoms and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in a group of African American individuals.Design. A nonrandom sample of 253 (age 43.7 ± 11.6 years; 37% male) African American individuals was recruited by advertisements. Data were obtained by validated questionnaires, anthropometric, blood pressure, and blood sample measurements.Results. Regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship between depressive symptoms and CVD risk factors controlling for socioeconomic status indicators. These analyses demonstrated that those with higher levels of depressive symptoms had larger waist-to-hip ratios, higher percent body fat, higher triglycerides, and were more likely to be smokers.Conclusions. It has been well documented that higher levels of depressive symptoms are associated with higher CVD risk. However, this evidence is derived primarily from samples of predominantly Caucasian individuals. The present investigation demonstrates that depressive symptoms are related to CVD risk factors in African American individuals.

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Circulating Proangiogenic Cell Activity Is Associated with Cardiovascular Disease Risk

CrossRef Listing of Deleted DOIs ◽

10.1177/1087057112454919 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 17 (9) ◽

pp. 1163-1170 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Kreton Mavromatis ◽

Konstantinos Aznaouridis ◽

Ibhar Al Mheid ◽

Emir Veledar ◽

Saurabh Dhawan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Cell Activity ◽

Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

The Relationship

Vascular injury mobilizes bone marrow–derived proangiogenic cells into the circulation, where these cells can facilitate vascular repair and new vessel formation. We sought to determine the relationship between a new biomarker of circulating bone marrow–derived proangiogenic cell activity, the presence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors, and clinical outcomes. Circulating proangiogenic cell activity was estimated using a reproducible angiogenic colony-forming unit (CFU-A) assay in 532 clinically stable subjects aged 20 to 90 years and ranging in the CVD risk spectrum from those who are healthy without risk factors to those with active CVD. CFU-A counts increased with the burden of CVD risk factors ( p < 0.001). CFU-A counts were higher in subjects with symptomatic CVD than in those without ( p < 0.001). During follow-up of 232 subjects with CVD, CFU-A counts were higher in those with death, myocardial infarction, or stroke than in those without (110 [70–173] vs 84 [51–136], p = 0.01). Therefore, we conclude that circulating proangiogenic cell activity, as estimated by CFU-A counts, increases with CVD risk factor burden and in the presence of established CVD. Furthermore, higher circulating proangiogenic cell activity is associated with worse clinical outcome in those with CVD.

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Short-Term Effects of Healthy Eating Pattern Cycling on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: Pooled Results from Two Randomized Controlled Trials

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu10111725 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1725 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lauren O'Connor ◽

Jia Li ◽

R. Drew Sayer ◽

Jane Hennessy ◽

Wayne Campbell

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Healthy Eating ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors ◽

Eating Pattern

Adherence to healthy eating patterns (HEPs) is often short-lived and can lead to repetitive attempts of adopting—but not maintaining—HEPs. We assessed effects of adopting, abandoning, and readopting HEPs (HEP cycling) on cardiovascular disease risk factors (CVD-RF). We hypothesized that HEP cycling would improve, worsen, and again improve CVD-RF. Data were retrospectively pooled for secondary analyses from two randomized, crossover, controlled feeding trials (n = 60, 52 ± 2 years, 30.6 ± 0.6 kg/m2) which included two 5–6 week HEP interventions (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension-style or Mediterranean-style) separated by a four-week unrestricted eating period. Ambulatory and fasting blood pressures (BP), fasting serum lipids, lipoproteins, glucose, and insulin were measured before and during the last week of HEP interventions. Fasting systolic BP and total cholesterol decreased (−6 ± 1 mm Hg and −19 ± 3 mg/dL, respectively, p < 0.05), returned to baseline, then decreased again (−5 ± 1 mm Hg and −13 ± 3 mg/dL, respectively, p < 0.05) when adopting, abandoning, and readopting a HEP; magnitude of changes did not differ. Ambulatory and fasting diastolic BP and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations followed similar patterns; glucose and insulin remained unchanged. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations decreased with initial adoption but not readoption (−13 ± 3 and −6 ± 3, respectively, interaction p = 0.020). Healthcare professionals should encourage individuals to consistently consume a HEP for cardiovascular health but also encourage them to try again if a first attempt is unsuccessful or short-lived.

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The relationship between cardiovascular disease risk factors and gender

Health ◽

10.4236/health.2012.46051 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 04 (06) ◽

pp. 309-315 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Chung-Min Cho ◽

Young-Mi Lee

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors ◽

And Gender ◽

The Relationship

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The genetic factors involved in functional food efficacy on cardiovascular disease etiology

SURG Journal ◽

10.21083/surg.v11i0.4152 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Maarij Siddiqi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Functional Foods ◽

Genetic Factors ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

Disease Etiology ◽

Modifiable Factor ◽

Health And Disease ◽

The Relationship

While the impacts of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors on chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) are widely established, the interactions between such coexisting risk factors and their subsequent effects on the promotion or suppression of CVD are less known. As part of the diet, functional foods are considered a modifiable factor that influence health beyond their basic nutritional value. The relationship between these functional foods and the underlying genome, along with their joint implication in health and disease, forms the focus of the emerging field of nutrigenomics. Reviewed in this paper are some prominent gene-diet interactions demonstrated in CVD etiology. Specifically, the interaction between foods such as phytosterols and isoflavones with genetic factors of the consuming population are examined in relation to CVD. By determining how nutritional intake affects genetics and vice versa, we create the potential to offer improved dietary guidelines to certain individuals, subgroups, or populations in order to maximize health benefits of specific diets.

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Abstract P400: The Association Between Cross-sex Hormone Therapy and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Among Male-to-female Transgender Persons in Chiang Mai, Thailand

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.141.suppl_1.p400 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Rebecca L Molinsky ◽

Kanokwan Kulprachakarn ◽

Sakaewan Ounjaijean ◽

Ryan Demmer ◽

Kittipan Rerkasem

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Hormone Therapy ◽

Sex Hormone ◽

Cvd Risk Factors ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Transgender Persons ◽

The Relationship ◽

Male To Female

Background: Cross-sex hormone therapy (CSHT) is prescribed to transition secondary sexual characteristics among individuals undergoing male-to-female (MtF) transitions (age range 18-41, mean age=24). Limited data exist to inform the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor profile associated with CSHT. We investigated the relationship between CSHT and cardiovascular risk factors in MtF transgender persons and hypothesize that CSHT will be associated with adverse CVD risk factor profiles. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 1 st , 2018 to November 30 th , 2018 in 100 MtF transgender people not receiving CSHT vs. 100 receiving CSHT. CSHT use was defined by self-report use of up to 23 medications. Serum testosterone and 17-beta estradiol were assessed to validate CSHT use. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was measured. Lipid profiles, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), C-reactive protein, cardiac troponin I and pro b-type natriuretic peptide (proBNP) were assessed from fasting blood. Non-invasive arterial examinations included: carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), ankle-brachial index (ABI), cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), and pulse wave velocity (PWV). Multivariable linear regression models, regressed CVD risk factors on CSHT status. Among the subgroup of CSHT users, we assessed the relationship between duration of use and CVD risk factors. Multivariable models included age, gender, education, income, drinking, smoking, exercise, and BMI. Results: Participant mean age was 24±0.38 years and did not differ by CSHT use. Mean±SE values of testosterone were in the CSHT vs. control group were 4.8±0.3 vs. 5.8±0.3 ng/ml, p=0.06 and 17-beta estradiol levels were 45.6±14.9 vs. 34.7±14.8, p=0.7). CIMT was modestly lower among CSHT vs. controls (0.35±0.01 vs. 0.38±0.01, p=0.09). The average duration of CSHT use was 6.65±0.522 years. Among CSHT users, for every 1-year increase in duration of CSHT use total cholesterol decreased by -2.360 ± 1.096, p=0.0341 mg/dL, LDL-cholesterol decreased by -3.076 ± 1.182, p=0.0109 mg/dL, ABI decreased by -0.006 ± 0.002, p=0.0087 while FPG increased by 2.558 ± 0.899 mg/dL, p=0.0055. Conclusion: Among MtF transgender persons, using CSHT was not associated with increased CVD risk factors levels.

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Osteoprotegerin in Cardiometabolic Disorders

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2015/564934 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

C. Pérez de Ciriza ◽

A. Lawrie ◽

N. Varo

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Positive Relationship ◽

Bone Remodelling ◽

Potential Biomarker ◽

Cardiometabolic Disorders ◽

Obesity Hypertension ◽

The Relationship

Osteoprotegerin (OPG), a glycoprotein traditionally implicated in bone remodelling, has been recently related to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Human studies show a positive relationship between circulating OPG, vascular damage, and CVD, and as such OPG has emerged as a potential biomarker for CVD. This review focuses on the relationship between circulating OPG and different endocrine cardiometabolic alterations such as type 1 and 2 diabetes. The association of OPG with diabetic complications (neuropathy, nephropathy, or retinopathy) as well as with atherosclerosis, coronary artery calcification, morbidity, and mortality is pointed out. Moreover, OPG modulation by different treatments is also established. Besides, other associated diseases such as obesity, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome, which are known cardiovascular risk factors, are also considered.

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