scholarly journals Assessing the practicalities of joint snakebite and dog rabies control programs: Commonalities and potential pitfalls

Toxicon X ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 100084
Author(s):  
Terence P. Scott ◽  
Sanjib K. Sharma ◽  
Ryan M. Wallace ◽  
Louis H. Nel ◽  
Samir K. Adhikari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Programs ◽  
Rabies Control

Experience in Field Rabies Control Programs

1988 ◽  
Vol 10 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. S703-S706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farouk Ben Osman ◽  
Nadia Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Control Programs ◽  
Rabies Control

scholarly journals Seroprevalensi dan Faktor Risiko Rabies pada Anjing di Daerah Endemis Kabupaten Sukabumi

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 436-443
Author(s):  
Ardilasunu Wicaksono ◽  
Abdul Zahid ◽  
Etih Sudarnika ◽  
Dordia Anindita Rotinsulu ◽  
Denny Widaya Lukman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Rabies Control ◽  
Chi Square Test

Sukabumi District is reported to date as an endemic rabies area in West Java Province. In supporting the rabies control programs, the occurrence of rabies needs to be determined to decrease the number of cases. This research aims to determine the seroprevalence of rabies and identify the risk factors associated with rabies in the district. The research was conducted in Jampang Tengah and Cisolok sub-districts with positive rabies cases on dogs and humans. The blood samples were taken from 191 selected dogs using simple random sampling. Rabies antibody titer was measured using ELISA, and the risk factor was identified using selected dogs’ data classified into intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test and the calculation of the odds ratio. The results showed that the seroprevalence of rabies was 7.9% (4.9-10.9%). The average antibody titer was 0.23 EU with a minimum value of 0.03 EU and a maximum of 0.96 EU. Thus, as high as 7.8% of the population showed rabies seropositivity from the unvaccinated dogs, while among the vaccinated dogs, only 8.0% of the population with rabies protective antibody titer. The significant risk factor of rabies seroprevalence is the typology of raising area (p = 0.003), revealing that the dogs raised in the coastal area had the odds of 5.8 (1.6-21.2) higher to get the rabies seropositivity than the dogs raised in the highland area.   Keywords: antibody titre, dogs, rabies, risk factor, seroprevalence

scholarly journals Pengetahuan, Sikap, dan Praktik Pemilik Anjing Terkait Rabies di Kabupaten Sukabumi, Jawa Barat (KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICE STUDY OF DOG OWNERS RELATED TO RABIES IN SUKABUMI DISTRIC, WEST JAVA)

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
Ardilasunu Wicaksono ◽  
Abdul Zahid Ilyas ◽  
Etih Sudarnika ◽  
Denny Widaya Lukman ◽  
Yusuf Ridwan
Keyword(s):  
Information Access ◽  
Control Program ◽  
West Java ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Rabies Control ◽  
Knowledge Variable ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Dog Owners ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Sukabumi District is one of the districts in West Java Province that has not been rabies-free since there are still reported rabies dog bites and rabies-positive cases in humans. The aim of the study was to measure the knowledge, attitude and practice of dog’s owner towards rabies which will then be useful for designing the appropriate rabies control programs. A total of 141 dog owners were selected as samples/ respondents. Respondents were taken from two sub-districts in Sukabumi District, which were 66 people from Jampang Tengah Sub-district and 75 people from Cisolok Sub-district. The data were taken using structured questionnaire. The result showed that most of respondent’s level of knowledge (51.1%) was in moderate category, meanwhile the respondent’s level of attitude related to rabies control program mostly (69.5%) was in positive category. But the positive attitude was not reflected with their practice towards rabies control program which many of them (63.1%) was in bad category of rabies control practices. From analytical result showed that only one characteristic variablewhich was the information access about rabies that had significant correlation (c2=9.959, p=0.006) towards respondent’s level of knowledge. Furthermore, another result showed that there was a significant relationship between knowledge variable with respondent’s attitude level (p= 0.000, r= 0.275). 

scholarly journals Modelling the factors affecting the probability for local rabies elimination by strategic control

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. e0009236
Author(s):  
Johann L. Kotzé ◽  
John Duncan Grewar ◽  
Aaron Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Human Rabies ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Rabies Control ◽  
Population Turnover ◽  
Local Program ◽  
Ancient Times

Dog rabies has been recognized from ancient times and remains widespread across the developing world with an estimated 59,000 people dying annually from the disease. In 2011 a tri-partite alliance consisting of the OIE, the WHO and the FAO committed to globally eliminating dog-mediated human rabies by 2030. Regardless of global support, the responsibility remains with local program managers to implement successful elimination programs. It is well known that vaccination programs have a high probability of successful elimination if they achieve a population-coverage of 70%. It is often quoted that reducing population turnover (typically through sterilizations) raises the probability for local elimination by maintaining herd immunity for longer. Besides this, other factors that affect rabies elimination are rarely mentioned. This paper investigates the probability for local elimination as it relates to immunity, fecundity, dog population size, infectivity (bite rates), in-migration of immune-naïve dogs, and the initial incidence. To achieve this, an individual-based, stochastic, transmission model was manipulated to create a dataset covering combinations of factors that may affect elimination. The results thereof were analysed using a logistic regression model with elimination as the dependent variable. Our results suggest that smaller dog populations, lower infectivity and lower incidence (such as when epidemics start with single introductions) strongly increased the probability for elimination at wide ranges of vaccination levels. Lower fecundity and lower in-migration had weak effects. We discuss the importance of these findings in terms of their impact and their practical application in the design of dog-mediated rabies control programs.

scholarly journals Using host traits to predict reservoir host species of rabies virus

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. e0008940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine E. L. Worsley-Tonks ◽  
Luis E. Escobar ◽  
Roman Biek ◽  
Mariana Castaneda-Guzman ◽  
Meggan E. Craft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Disease ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Reservoir Species ◽  
Rabies Control ◽  
Gradient Boosting Machine ◽  
Potential Reservoir ◽  
Species Specific

Wildlife are important reservoirs for many pathogens, yet the role that different species play in pathogen maintenance frequently remains unknown. This is the case for rabies, a viral disease of mammals. While Carnivora (carnivores) and Chiroptera (bats) are the canonical mammalian orders known to be responsible for the maintenance and onward transmission of rabies Lyssavirus (RABV), the role of most species within these orders remains unknown and is continually changing as a result of contemporary host shifting. We combined a trait-based analytical approach with gradient boosting machine learning models to identify physiological and ecological host features associated with being a reservoir for RABV. We then used a cooperative game theory approach to determine species-specific traits associated with known RABV reservoirs. Being a carnivore reservoir for RABV was associated with phylogenetic similarity to known RABV reservoirs, along with other traits such as having larger litters and earlier sexual maturity. For bats, location in the Americas and geographic range were the most important predictors of RABV reservoir status, along with having a large litter. Our models identified 44 carnivore and 34 bat species that are currently not recognized as RABV reservoirs, but that have trait profiles suggesting their capacity to be or become reservoirs. Further, our findings suggest that potential reservoir species among bats and carnivores occur both within and outside of areas with current RABV circulation. These results show the ability of a trait-based approach to detect potential reservoirs of infection and could inform rabies control programs and surveillance efforts by identifying the types of species and traits that facilitate RABV maintenance and transmission.

scholarly journals Analyses of Contact Networks of Community Dogs on a University Campus in Nakhon Pathom, Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Tipsarp Kittisiam ◽  
Waraphon Phimpraphai ◽  
Suwicha Kasemsuwan ◽  
Krishna Kumar Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Small World ◽  
Contact Network ◽  
Observational Methods ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Contact Networks ◽  
Network Characteristics ◽  
Network Information ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Rabies Control

Free-roaming dogs have been identified as an important reservoir of rabies in many countries including Thailand. There is a need for novel insights to improve current rabies control strategies in these countries. Network analysis is commonly used to study the interactions between individuals or organizations and has been applied in preventive veterinary medicine. However, contact networks of domestic free-roaming dogs are mostly unexplored. The objective of this study was to explore the contact network of free-roaming dogs residing on a university campus. Three one-mode networks were created using co-appearances of dogs as edges. A two-mode network was created by associating the dog with the pre-defined area it was seen in. The average number of contacts a dog had was 6.74. The normalized degree for the weekend network was significantly higher compared to the weekday network. All one-mode networks displayed small-world network characteristics. Most dogs were observed in only one area. The average number of dogs which shared an area was 8.67. In this study, we demonstrated the potential of observational methods to create networks of contacts. The network information acquired can be further used in network modeling and designing targeted disease control programs.

Responses to Two Weight-loss Programs Based on Approximating the Diet to the Ideal: Differences Associated with Increased Cereal or Vegetable Consumption

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 367-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ortega ◽  
Rodríguez-Rodríguez ◽  
Aparicio ◽  
Marín-Arias ◽  
López-Sobaler
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Weight Loss Programs ◽  
Spanish Women ◽  
The Ideal

The fight against excess weight and obesity is a health priority. The aim of this study was to analyze the anthropometric changes induced by two weight control programs based on approximating the diet to the theoretical ideal (increasing the consumption of foods with the largest differences between the recommended and observed intakes: cereals and vegetables – for which a minimum of 6 and 3 servings/day are recommended, respectively). The study subjects were 57 Spanish women with a body-mass index (BMI) of 24–35 kg/m², all of whom were randomly assigned to one of two slightly hypocaloric diets for a six-week period: diet V, in which the consumption of greens and vegetables was increased, or diet C, in which the consumption of cereals was increased. Dietetic and anthropometric data were collected at the start of the study and again at two and six weeks. The dietary intervention approximated the subjects’ energy provision from proteins, fats, and carbohydrates to those recommended. The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) improved with both diets. Reductions in body weight, BMI, and the amount of body fat (kg) were also achieved with both diets. Weight loss was 1.56 ± 0.93 kg and 1.02 ± 0.55 kg at two weeks with diet C and V respectively, and 2.8 ± 1.4 kg and 2.0 ± 1.3 kg at six weeks (p < 0.05). Approximating the diet to the theoretical ideal by increasing the consumption of vegetables or cereals may therefore be of use in weight control. In terms of weight loss and the improvement of the diet quality (energy profile and HEI), diet C was significantly more effective than diet V.

Unknown and Under-Researched: The Anatomy of Drinking Under Control Programs

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 277-288
Author(s):  
Harald Klingemann ◽  
Justyna Klingemann
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
Mission Statements ◽  
Community Response ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Admission Criteria ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Institutional Order

Abstract. Introduction: While alcohol treatment predominantly focuses on abstinence, drug treatment objectives include a variety of outcomes related to consumption and quality of life. Consequently harm reduction programs tackling psychoactive substances are well documented and accepted by practitioners, whereas harm reduction programs tackling alcohol are under-researched and met with resistance. Method: The paper is mainly based on key-person interviews with eight program providers conducted in Switzerland in 2009 and up-dated in 2015, and the analysis of reports and mission statements to establish an inventory and description of drinking under control programs (DUCPs). A recent twin program in Amsterdam and Essen was included to exemplify conditions impeding their implementation. Firstly, a typology based on the type of alcohol management, the provided support and admission criteria is developed, complemented by a detailed description of their functioning in practice. Secondly, the case studies are analyzed in terms of factors promoting and impeding the implementation of DUCPs and efforts of legitimize them and assess their success. Results: Residential and non-residential DUCPs show high diversity and pursue individualized approaches as the detailed case descriptions exemplify. Different modalities of proactively providing and including alcohol consumption are conceptualized in a wider framework of program objectives, including among others, quality of life and harm reduction. Typically DUCPs represent an effort to achieve public or institutional order. Their implementation and success are contingent upon their location, media response, type of alcohol management and the response of other substance-oriented stake holders in the treatment system. The legitimization of DUCPs is hampered by the lack of evaluation studies. DUCPs rely mostly – also because of limited resources – on rudimentary self-evaluations and attribute little importance to data collection exercises. Conclusions: Challenges for participants are underestimated and standard evaluation methodologies tend to be incompatible with the rationale and operational objectives of DUCPs. Program-sensitive multimethod approaches enabled by sufficient financing for monitoring and accompanying research is needed to improve the practice-oriented implementation of DUCPs. Barriers for these programs include assumptions that ‘alcohol-assisted’ help abandons hope for recovery and community response to DUCPs as locally unwanted institutions (‘not in my backyard’) fuelled by stigmatization.

Introduction to Program Evaluation for Comprehensive Tobacco Control Programs

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goldie MacDonald ◽  
Gabrielle Starr ◽  
Michael Schooley ◽  
Sue Lin Yee ◽  
Karen Klimowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Program Evaluation ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Control Programs
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