Raptor breeding sites indicate high taxonomic and functional diversities of wintering birds in urban ecosystems

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 127066
Author(s):  
Haruki Natsukawa
Keyword(s):  
Urban Ecosystems ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Wintering Birds

scholarly journals Raptor breeding sites indicate high plant biodiversity in urban ecosystems

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruki Natsukawa ◽  
Hiroki Yuasa ◽  
Shizuko Komuro ◽  
Fabrizio Sergio
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Urban Ecosystems ◽  
Conservation Priority ◽  
Apex Predators ◽  
Psychological Benefits ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
High Diversity

AbstractPreserving biodiversity in urban ecosystems has become an urgent conservation priority, given the rapid upsurge in global urbanization. As woody plants play essential ecological roles and provide psychological benefits to human city dwellers, their preservation is of particular interest to conservation scientists. However, considering that extensive censuses of woody plants are resource-intensive, a key accomplishment is to find reliable conservation proxies that can be quickly used to locate biologically diverse areas. Here, we test the idea that sites occupied by apex predators can indicate high overall biodiversity, including high diversity of woody plants. To this end, we surveyed woody plant species within 500 m of Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) breeding sites in urban ecosystems of Japan and compared them with non-breeding control sites without goshawks. We found that goshawks successfully identified and signposted high levels of richness, abundance, and diversity of woody plants. Our findings show that sites occupied by top predatory species could be exploited as conservation proxies for high plant diversity. Due to their exigent ecological requirements, we would expect apex predators to be tied to high biodiversity levels in many other urban ecosystems worldwide.

scholarly journals Linking Breeding and Wintering Grounds of Bicknell's Thrushes Using Stable Isotope Analyses of Feathers

The Auk ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith A. Hobson ◽  
Kent P. McFarland ◽  
Leonard I. Wassenaar ◽  
Christopher C. Rimmer ◽  
James E. Goetz
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Catharus Ustulatus ◽  
Winter Habitat ◽  
Wintering Grounds ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Breeding Range ◽  
Wintering Birds ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Breeding Grounds ◽  
Bicknell's Thrush

Abstract Previous studies have shown that natural abundance of deuterium (D), and to a lesser extent 13C, in feathers of migrant songbirds in North America can be used to infer geographic origins of molt. We used that approach to investigate whether Bicknell's Thrush (Catharus bicknelli) populations could be segregated on the breeding grounds at six sites in eastern North America to evaluate contributions from the breeding areas to wintering populations. Further, we tested our isotopic model using feathers from hatching-year migrant Swainson's Thrush (Catharus ustulatus) and Gray-cheeked Thrush (Catharus minimus) moving through southern Manitoba and Ontario and found that δD values were consistent with northerly boreal forest natal sites in northwestern and central Canada. Despite a strong latitudinal gradient in δD of average growing season precipitation over the breeding range, we found considerable overlap in δD values of Bicknell's Thrush among all breeding sites. No strong pattern in δ13C values of feathers with latitude was apparent. Nevertheless, the more negative δD values of feathers from wintering birds in the Dominican Republic compared to breeding area samples suggested that birds from more northerly locations in North America contributed to this population of wintering birds. High variance in feather δD values within breeding populations also suggested high natal dispersal, considerable movement of birds among island habitats on the breeding grounds, or both. Even higher variances in feather δD values from small study areas on the wintering grounds, compared to similar-sized areas in the breeding range, suggest that many different breeding populations mix in winter habitat.

scholarly journals Migratory connectivity of Golden-crowned Sparrows from two wintering regions in California

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renée L Cormier ◽  
Diana L Humple ◽  
Thomas Gardali ◽  
Nathaniel E Seavy
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Migration Route ◽  
Migratory Connectivity ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Wintering Birds ◽  
Migratory Routes ◽  
Coastal Birds ◽  
And Control

AbstractKnowledge of migratory connectivity is critical to understanding the consequences of habitat loss and climate change on migratory species. We used light-level geolocators to determine breeding locations and migratory routes of wintering Golden-crowned Sparrows (Zonotrichia atricapilla) in two regions of California, USA. Eight out of 9 birds tagged at coastal-wintering sites in Marin County went to breeding sites along the Gulf Coast of Alaska, while 7 out of 8 inland-wintering birds in Placer County migrated to interior sites in the Yukon, Northwest Territories, and British Columbia, Canada. Our estimate of the strength of migratory connectivity was relatively high (rm = 0.66). Coastal-wintering birds followed a coastal migration route while inland-wintering birds migrated inland. Coastalwintering birds migrated significantly farther than inland birds (3,624 km versus 2,442 km). Coastal birds traveled at a greater rate during spring migration (179 km/d) than did inland birds (118 km/d), but there was no statistical difference in the rate of fall migration (167 km/d and 111 km/d, respectively). Dates of arrival and departure, and duration of spring and fall migration, did not differ between groups, nor did return rates. Rates of return also did not differ between tagged and control birds. The distinct migration routes and breeding areas suggests that there may be more structuring in the migratory geography of the Golden-crowned Sparrow than in a simple panmictic population.

Comparação de testes coproparasitológicos em criadouro comercial de psitacídeos exóticos

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
Marina Camargo de Sousa ◽  
◽  
Julia Ronzani Vial ◽  
Rodrigo Hidalgo Friciello Teixeira ◽  
Andrea Cristina Higa Nakaghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
Commercial Breeding

Birds of the psittaciform order, composed by the Psittacidae and Loridae family have several characteristics making them more frequently kept as companion animals, promoting the increase of breeding sites in Brazil. The present study aimed to analyze the specificity and sensitivity of three different coproparasitological tests, Willis, Hoffman and Direto de feces, through statistical tests: Chi-Square and Kappa. 70 fecal samples of exotic parrots were collected from a commercial breeding site and these were submitted to the three tests, totaling 210 coproparasitological exams. Among the tests performed, 29,5% were positive for nematode eggs, cestodes and oocysts. Coproparasitological exams are inexpensive, have clinical importance, indicating the population of endoparasites and therapeutic treatments.

GAMBARAN INDEKS LARVA AEDES AEGYPTI DI BUFFER WILAYAH KERJA BANDARA SEPINGGAN BALIKPAPAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdurrakhman abdurrakhman Abdurrakhman
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Dengue Disease ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Transportation Equipment ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Larvae Density

ABSTRACT : The House index and Container Index in the buffer area of ​​the working area of ​​Balikpapan Sepinggan Airport is still above 1%, so the potential for the spread of dengue disease. Mobilization of people, goods and transportation equipment will increasingly affect the transmission of disease in ports and airports, especially for vector-borne diseases. This study aims to analyze the risk factors associated with larvae density of Aedes aegypti and describe the larvae index in the buffer zone of the Sepinggan Balikpapan Airport This study was a descriptive study with a cross sectional design. The sample in this study was 121 houses with a proportionate stratified random sampling, the research location was in the buffer zone of Sepinggan Balikpapan Airport in November 2018. The variables studied were houses with positive larvae containers, breeding sites and PSN behavior and larvasidation. The data was analyzed using the chi square test. There was a relationship between houses with larvae positive Aedes aegypti, behavior of Mosquito Nest Eradication (PSN) and larvasidation with larvae density of Aedes aegypti but not for breeding sites (p = 0.00 and 95% CI = 0.64), and   (p = 0.00 and 95% CI = 0.34). The description of several Aedes aegypti larvae index, namely House Index (HI) = 57.02%, Container Index (CI) = 24.36%, Bruteau Index (BI) = 148.76, and Flick Free Numbers (ABJ) = 42.98 %. Houses with larvae of Aedes aegypti larvae and PSN and larvasidation behavior were associated with larvae density of Aedes aegypti. The index of HI, CI and BI larvae is of high value so there is a risk of DBD transmission

The Rain Calls of Frogs and the Reigning Paradigm of American Herpetology

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
Gordon L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Animal Communication ◽  
The United States ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Gradual Disappearance ◽  
The Times ◽  
Traditional Natural ◽  
Breeding Seasons ◽  
The Comparative Study

American zoologists and herpetologists during the past fifty years have successfully deciphered the mating calls of frogs and toads with ever increasing precision and sophistication. However, the vocalizations most commonly termed “rain calls,” which typically occur beyond both normal breeding seasons and breeding sites, have remained a persistent puzzle. This article traces the gradual disappearance of rain calls, along with a corresponding decline in any mention of emotional states, from herpetological studies of anuran vocalizations in the United States from the middle of the twentieth century to the present and examines the historical roots of this disappearance. This evaporation of rain calls is indicative of a much larger change in the scientific climate of the times involving the transition from traditional natural history to the Neo-Darwinian, adaptationist paradigm of contemporary biology. Rain calls thus increasingly became anomalous, thereby eliminating a possibly fruitful line of inquiry in the comparative study of human-animal communication, in this case with evolution's earliest vocalizers. The contours and benefits of a more encompassing paradigm, envisioned by some leading early twentieth-century zoologists, are briefly discussed.

Insect vectors and their relationship with sustainable development indicators in neighborhoods of Natal, Northeastern Brazil

Gaia Scientia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 182-194
Author(s):  
Paulo Sérgio Fagundes Araujo ◽  
Maria Cristiana da Silva Souto ◽  
Paulo Roberto Medeiros de Azevedo ◽  
Maria de Fatima Freire de Melo Ximenes
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Insect Vectors ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Sustainable Development Indicators ◽  
Sustainability Index

This study aimed to correlate sustainable development indicators with the occurrence of mosquitoes from the genus Aedes and phlebotominae sand flies, vectors of dengue fever, American visceral leishmaniasis and American tegumentary leishmaniasis, in order to establish a relationship between infestation indices and sustainability conditions in southern and northern neighborhoods of Natal, Brazil, adjacent to environmental protection zones 5 and 9, respectively. Data were obtained on Aedes aegypti and A. albopictus breeding sites and captures of phlebotominae sand flies of the genus Lutzomyia in the study area between 2006 and 2008, from the Center of Zoonosis Control of the Municipal Health Secretariat, and correlated with environmental and social indicators. Factorial analysis was applied to transform these indicators into a sustainability index for each neighborhood studied (Neighborhood Sustainability Index – NSI). Relating these indices with the occurrence of insect vectors at these sites shows a high positive correlation between SID and the Breteau index of A. aegypti (p=0.028) and with the index of household infestation by phlebotominae sand flies (p=0.01). This reveals a pattern allowing the association of sustainability conditions in the study areas with the occurrence of these insects. Analyses demonstrate the occurrence of a larger number of A. aegypti breeding sites and higher indices of household infestation by phlebotominae sand flies in neighborhoods with lower sustainability indices. Knowledge of the relationship between sustainable development indicators and the occurrence of zoonotic vectors may contribute to public health programs as well as to a restructuring of public policies in the study areas.

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