scholarly journals Raptor breeding sites indicate high plant biodiversity in urban ecosystems

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruki Natsukawa ◽  
Hiroki Yuasa ◽  
Shizuko Komuro ◽  
Fabrizio Sergio
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Urban Ecosystems ◽  
Conservation Priority ◽  
Apex Predators ◽  
Psychological Benefits ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
High Diversity

AbstractPreserving biodiversity in urban ecosystems has become an urgent conservation priority, given the rapid upsurge in global urbanization. As woody plants play essential ecological roles and provide psychological benefits to human city dwellers, their preservation is of particular interest to conservation scientists. However, considering that extensive censuses of woody plants are resource-intensive, a key accomplishment is to find reliable conservation proxies that can be quickly used to locate biologically diverse areas. Here, we test the idea that sites occupied by apex predators can indicate high overall biodiversity, including high diversity of woody plants. To this end, we surveyed woody plant species within 500 m of Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) breeding sites in urban ecosystems of Japan and compared them with non-breeding control sites without goshawks. We found that goshawks successfully identified and signposted high levels of richness, abundance, and diversity of woody plants. Our findings show that sites occupied by top predatory species could be exploited as conservation proxies for high plant diversity. Due to their exigent ecological requirements, we would expect apex predators to be tied to high biodiversity levels in many other urban ecosystems worldwide.

Conservation and Restoration of Grasslands

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Wilsey
Keyword(s):  
Community Assembly ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Priority Effects ◽  
Woody Plant Encroachment ◽  
Humpty Dumpty ◽  
Alternate States ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Acid Test ◽  
Stocking Rates

Conservation programs alter herbivore stocking rates and find and protect the remaining areas that have not been plowed or converted to crops. Restoration is an ‘Acid Test’ for ecology. If we fully understand how grassland systems function and assemble after disturbance, then it should be easy to restore them after they have been degraded or destroyed. Alternatively, the idea that restorations will not be equivalent to remnants has been termed the ‘Humpty Dumpty’ hypothesis—once lost, it cannot be put back together again. Community assembly may follow rules, and if these rules are uncovered, then we may be able to accurately predict final species composition after assembly. Priority effects are sometimes found depending on species arrival orders, and they can result in alternate states. Woody plant encroachment is the increase in density and biomass of woody plants, and it is strongly affecting grassland C and water cycles.

scholarly journals Metabolic engineering in woody plants: challenges, advances, and opportunities

aBIOTECH ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Yu ◽  
Cody S. Bekkering ◽  
Li Tian
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Metabolic Engineering ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Plant Transformation ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
High Biomass ◽  
Generation Times ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Biochemical Diversity

AbstractWoody plant species represent an invaluable reserve of biochemical diversity to which metabolic engineering can be applied to satisfy the need for commodity and specialty chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and renewable energy. Woody plants are particularly promising for this application due to their low input needs, high biomass, and immeasurable ecosystem services. However, existing challenges have hindered their widespread adoption in metabolic engineering efforts, such as long generation times, large and highly heterozygous genomes, and difficulties in transformation and regeneration. Recent advances in omics approaches, systems biology modeling, and plant transformation and regeneration methods provide effective approaches in overcoming these outstanding challenges. Promises brought by developments in this space are steadily opening the door to widespread metabolic engineering of woody plants to meet the global need for a wide range of sustainably sourced chemicals and materials.

Weight–diameter relationships for 22 woody plant species

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1851-1855 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Telfer
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Woody Plant Species ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Ground Line

Prediction equations are presented for use in estimating total aboveground weight and maximum leaf weight for 22 species of woody plants. Stem diameter at the ground line was found to be closely correlated with both total and leaf weights. This diameter was therefore used in the equations as the measurement from which weights were predicted.

scholarly journals Ecological and biological characteristics of the dendroflora of Cheboksary in the greening system of the city

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-111
Author(s):  
Konstantin Vitalyevich Samokhvalov ◽  
Evgeny Arkadievich Sinichkin ◽  
Aleksandr Petrovich Arsentiev
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Degree Of Participation ◽  
Economic Zones ◽  
The City

The paper presents the results of a comprehensive analysis of the species composition of Cheboksary. The analysis of the dendroflora of the urban environment was carried out according to 3 indicators: the territory of woody plants, the occurrence of woody plant species in landscaping, the structure of the landscaping system. The arboreal vegetation of Cheboksary is represented by 73 species belonging to 43 genera and 20 families. The predominant part of the dendroflora is represented by the covered-seeded plants (86,3%), the gymnosperms - 13,7%. In the dendroflora of green areas of the city, the most widely represented families are Rosaceae, Pinaceae, Salicaceae (48%). The analysis of the species composition of woody plants showed that in the functional and economic zones of Cheboksary plantings of general use are represented by 65 species, plantings of limited use - 52 species, plantings along the streets and main roads - 50 species. The analysis of the species composition of woody plants depending on the share of their participation in landscaping revealed that the greatest number of woody plants is used with low (51 species) and medium (50 species) share. The analysis of the degree of participation of woody plants in landscaping in the four identified functional and economic zones of Cheboksary found that the greatest number of taxa prevail with an average participation in the central zone (37 species), the coastal and suburban zones (36 species). The largest number of species of woody plants grow in the green areas of the central functional and economic zone, where the landscaping involved 66 species, the smallest number grow in the green areas of the industrial area (36 species).

scholarly journals Alien and native woody plants in scattered vegetation in agricultural landscape

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-120
Author(s):  
Ján Supuka ◽  
Attila Tóth ◽  
Mária Bihuňová ◽  
Martina Verešová ◽  
Karol Šinka
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Lycium Barbarum ◽  
Dominance Index ◽  
Acer Campestre

AbstractThe woody plant species composition has been evaluated in three cadastral territories of southwestern Slovakia, together in 77 habitats of non-forest woody vegetation (NFWV). A total of 43 tree species have been identified; 8 of them were alien and 5 species were cultural fruit trees. In total 20 shrub species were identified, out of which 3 were alien. Three woody species are classified as invasive according to the law in Slovakia: Acer negundo L., Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, and Lycium barbarum L. They occurred only in 2, maximum in 4 of the evaluated habitats. The most occurring alien tree species Robinia pseudoacacia L. was generally identified in 58 habitats and in 48 habitats, with an incidence over 40% and dominance index of 70.6. The second most occurring alien tree Populus × canadensis had a dominance index of 8.3. The dominant native trees in NFWV were Acer campestre L., Fraxinus excelsior L., Quercus robur L., Salix fragilis L. with the dominance index of 1–5 only.

scholarly journals Functional relationship between woody plants and insect communities in response to Bursaphelenchus xylophilus infestation in the Three Gorges Reservoir region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuang Wang ◽  
Lijuan Zhao ◽  
Jiaqi Liu ◽  
Yajie Yang ◽  
Juan Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Functional Relationship ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Insect Community ◽  
Insect Communities ◽  
Masson Pine

To study the effect of the invasion of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus on the functional relationship between woody plants and insect communities, the populations of tree species and insect communities were investigative in the Masson pine forests with different infestation durations of B. xylophilus. In this study, the number of Pinus massoniana began to decrease sharply, whereas the total number of other tree species in the arboreal layer increased gradually with the infestation duration of B. xylophilus. The principal component analysis ordination biplot shows that there was a significant change in the spatial distribution of woody plant species in different Masson pine forest stands. Additionally, a total of 7,188 insect specimens was obtained. The insect population showed an upward trend in stand types with the increase of pine wilt disease infection periods, which demonstrated that the insect community had been significantly affected by the invasion of B. xylophilus. The structure of insect functional groups changed from herbivorous (He) > omnivorous (Om) > predatory (Pr) > parasitic (Pa) > detritivorous (De) in the control stand to He > Pa > Om, De > Pr after B. xylophilus infestation in the forests. The results showed that the populations of He, Pa, and De increased after the invasion of B. xylophilus, but the populations of Pr decreased. Moreover, the redundancy analysis ordination bi-plots reflected the complicated functional relationship between woody plant communities and insects after the invasion of B. xylophilus. The present study provides insights into the changes in the community structure of woody plants and insects, as well as the functional relationship between woody plant communities and insect communities after invasion of B. xylophilus.

scholarly journals INVENTARISASI TUMBUHAN BAWAH BERKHASIAT OBAT DI TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG GEDE PANGRANGO PROVINSI JAWA BARAT BERBASISKAN ANALISIS SPASIAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanieta Arbiastutie ◽  
Djoko Marsono ◽  
Wahyuningsih MSH ◽  
Rishadi Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Land Management ◽  
National Park ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Management Unit ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Diverse Species ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
The Family ◽  
High Diversity

Diversity of biological resources in primary forest is not only limited to the woody plant species, but also covered by underground plant which has diverse species high diversity. This underground plant as one part of the forest ecosystem is a plant that has potential as a medicine. The study aims to conduct an inventory of underground plant species in Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park West Java Province. The method for inventory used spasial analysis with land management unit and multi stage sampling. The spasial analysis used three categories, first the zonation map, second the soil characterization map and the third altitude map. The LMU consist of 6 areas with total plot number 60. The results showed there are 83 species underground plant consist of 45 family. The family consist of Acanthaceae, Annonaceae, Apiaceae, Apocynaceae, Araceae, Araliaceae, Aspleniaceae, Asteraceae, Balsaminaceae, Begoniaceae, Compositae, Convolvulaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Cyperaceae, Elaeagnaceae, Equisetaceae, Fabaceae, Gesneriaceae, Gramineae, Hypoxidaceae, Lamiaceae, Malvaceae, Marattiaceae, Melastomataceae, Menispermaceae, Moraceae, Musaceae, Myrsinaceae, Oxalidaceae, Passifloraceae, Piperaceae, Plantaginaceae, Polygalaceae, Primulaceae, Rosaceae, Rubiaceae, Sellagineaeeae, Smilaceae, Solanaceae, Symplocaceae, Urticaceae, Verbenaceae, Woodsiaceae, Zingiberaceae. The underground plant has a potential as medicinal plant.Keywords: Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park, inventory, land management unit, medicinal plant, underground plant

scholarly journals The resource role of flowering woody plants in increasing the insects biological diversity

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 00067
Author(s):  
Tatiana Kuzmina ◽  
Elena Toropova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
High Power ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Northern Forest

The aim of the study was to assess the resource role of flowering woody plants in maintaining the biological diversity of insects. The studies were carried out in 2019–2020 in the northern forest-steppe of the Ob region during the flowering period of woody plants from the Oleaceae family of the genus Syringa: S. josikaea J. and S. vulgaris L. Insects were collected by mowing with an entomological net in the crowns and under-crown space. The flowering of plants attracted insects from more than 25 families from 7 orders. The largest number of insects belonged to the order Thysanoptera 79.2%, followed by representatives of the orders Hemiptera (7.1%) and Diptera (6.4%). The entomological faunas of S. josikaea and S. vulgaris differed significantly in their taxonomic composition, insects abundance, and their association with flowering periods. Low coefficients of similarity and high power of the factor “plant species” influence on biological diversity and the insects number were revealed. S. josikaea played a more significant role in maintaining the biological diversity of insects. Research showed that insects are associated with a certain species of woody plant.

Absorption and translocation of [14C]glyphosate in four woody plant species

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 785-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas H. Green ◽  
Patrick J. Minogue ◽  
Charles H. Brewer ◽  
Glenn R. Glover ◽  
Dean H. Gjerstad
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
White Oak ◽  
Foliar Absorption

Absorption and translocation patterns of radio-labelled glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine) were examined in four species of woody plants to determine mechanisms of herbicide tolerance in species common to the southeastern United States. Loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) and yaupon (Ilexvomitoria (L.) Ait.), both tolerant to the herbicide, absorbed significantly less glyphosate than did red maple (Acerrubrum L.) or white oak (Quercusalba L.), indicating the importance of foliar absorption as a barrier to glyphosate entry. Although herbicide absorption was similar between the sensitive white oak and the tolerant red maple, white oak accumulated more glyphosate in the roots than did red maple, indicating that translocation patterns also contribute significantly to glyphosate tolerance in some woody species.

The Northern Bald Ibis Geronticus eremita in Morocco since 1900: Analysis of ecological requirements

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDRE SCHENKER ◽  
FABIAN CAHENZLI ◽  
KARL G. GUTBROD ◽  
MICHEL THEVENOT ◽  
ANDREAS ERHARDT
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Earth Satellite ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
Geronticus Eremita

SummaryThe Northern Bald Ibis (NBI) Geronticus eremita, is an ‘Endangered’ bird species of which only very few wild breeding colonies have survived along the Atlantic coast of south-west Morocco. This paper analyses ecological conditions of the 72 breeding sites of the NBI that have been known since 1900 in Morocco. Characterisation of breeding sites is based on physical criteria (elevation above sea level, geomorphology, mean annual precipitation and types of landscape) as well as land use, vegetation cover, infrastructure and types of settlement within three perimeters (0–1 km, > 1–5 km and > 5–10(20) km) using Google Earth satellite images. Statistical analyses of the number of breeding pairs, fledglings and rainfall during different quarters of the year from 1994 to 2016 in the two remaining breeding sites in Souss-Massa National Park and Tamri showed expected patterns as well as unexpected differences between the two localities. Based on our findings and indications in the literature, we suggest general and specific recommendations for potential future translocation projects of the NBI. Based on the analysis of the 28 breeding colonies existing after 1977, two elements emerge as the most important prerequisites: a low level of disturbances at the breeding sites and adequate feeding areas at a reasonable distance of 5–15 km.

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