Prevalence studies for Theileria orientalis conducted during the early stages of the 2012 New Zealand epidemic of Theileria associated bovine anaemia

Saprobic fungal taxa on decomposing mountain beech (Nothofagus solandri var. cliffortioides (Hook. f.) Poole) logs were investigated in relation to properties of logs including stage of decay, size, nutrient concentration, and moisture content. We also determined whether logs become increasingly heterogeneous in nutrient concentration and moisture content with decay and also whether log heterogeneity related to fungal taxa diversity. Sporocarps were collected from the same 75 logs in spring (November 1995, 80 taxa) and autumn (May 1996, 151 taxa). For both seasons the dominant pattern in fungal taxa composition was only weakly related to measured properties of logs; however, a secondary pattern was found related to a fungal taxa succession reflecting stage of decay. In the autumn collection, Biscogniauxia capnodes (Berk.) Y.-M. Ju & J.D. Rogers and Schizopora nothofagi (G. Cunn.) P.K. Buchanan & Ryvarden occurred on small logs in the early stages of decay, with relatively low N. Decayed logs, with relatively high N, were characterized by Marasmius otagensis G. Stev. and Athelia epiphylla Pers. Our observations were not consistent with previously described successional trends from soft- to white- and brown-rot fungi as logs decay. The number of fungal taxa increased with log volume, and, additionally for the autumn collection, with heterogeneity in cation concentration suggesting habitat heterogeneity may be a factor in explaining log fungal taxa diversity.

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Hybridization, Mitochondrial DNA Phylogeography, and Prediction of the Early Stages of Reproductive Isolation: Lessons from New Zealand Cicadas (Genus Kikihia)

Systematic Biology ◽

10.1093/sysbio/syr017 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 60 (4) ◽

pp. 482-502 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

David C. Marshall ◽

Kathy B. R. Hill ◽

John R. Cooley ◽

Chris Simon

Keyword(s):

Mitochondrial Dna ◽

New Zealand ◽

Reproductive Isolation ◽

Early Stages

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An observational study of the vertical transmission of Theileria orientalis (Ikeda) in a New Zealand pastoral dairy herd

Veterinary Parasitology ◽

10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.01.003 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 218 ◽

pp. 59-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

K.E. Lawrence ◽

K. Gedye ◽

A.M.J. McFadden ◽

D.J. Pulford ◽

W.E. Pomroy

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Observational Study ◽

Vertical Transmission ◽

Dairy Herd ◽

Theileria Orientalis

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Review of the New Zealand Theileria orientalis Ikeda Type Epidemic and Epidemiological Research since 2012

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10101346 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1346

Author(s):

Kevin Lawrence ◽

Kristene Gedye ◽

Andrew McFadden ◽

David Pulford ◽

Allen Heath ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

New Disease ◽

Epidemiological Investigation ◽

Epidemiological Research ◽

Theileria Orientalis ◽

Production Animals ◽

The Individual ◽

Cattle Systems ◽

Almost All ◽

Type Infection

This article sets out to document and summarise the New Zealand epidemic and the epidemiological research conducted on the epizootic of bovine anaemia associated with Theileria orientalis Ikeda-type infection, which began in New Zealand in August 2012. As New Zealand has no other pathogenic tick-borne cattle haemoparasites, the effects of the T. orientalis Ikeda-type infection observed in affected herds and individual animals were not confounded by other concurrent haemoparasite infections, as was possibly the case in other countries. This has resulted in an unbiased perspective of a new disease. In addition, as both New Zealand’s beef and dairy cattle systems are seasonally based, this has led to a different epidemiological presentation than that reported by almost all other affected countries. Having verified the establishment of a new disease and identified the associated pathogen, the remaining key requirements of an epidemiological investigation, for a disease affecting production animals, are to describe how the disease spreads, describe the likely impacts of that disease at the individual and herd level and explore methods of disease control or mitigation.

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Risk management processes used in determining project feasibility in the property development process early stages by Australia/New Zealand property developers

Journal of Property Investment and Finance ◽

10.1108/jpif-08-2021-0071 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Matthew Moorhead ◽

Lynne Armitage ◽

Martin Skitmore

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Risk Management ◽

New Zealand ◽

Risk Analysis ◽

Development Process ◽

Property Development ◽

Content Type ◽

Early Stages ◽

Management Processes ◽

Property Developers

PurposeThe purpose is to examine the risk management processes and methods used in determining project feasibility in the early stages of the property development process by Australia/New Zealand property developers, including Monte Carlo simulation, Bayesian models and real option theory embedded in long-term property development and investment decision-making as instruments for providing flexibility and managing risk, uncertainty and change.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire survey of 225 Australian and New Zealand trader developers, development managers, investors, valuers, fund managers and government/charities/other relating to Australia/New Zealand property development companies' decision-making processes in the early stages of the development process prior to site acquisition or project commencement – the methods used and confidence in their organisations' ability to both identify and manage the risks involved.FindingsFew of the organisations sampled use sophisticated methods; those organisations that are more likely to use such methods for conducting risk analysis include development organisations that undertake large projects, use more risk analysis methods and have more layers in their project approval process. Decision-makers have a high level of confidence in their organisation's ability to both identify and manage the risks involved, although this is not mirrored in their actual risk management processes. Although the majority of property developers have a risk management plan, less than half have implemented it, and a third need improvement.Practical implicationsProperty development organisations should incorporate more modern and sophisticated models of risk analysis to determine the uncertainty of, and risk in, a change of input variables in their financial viability appraisals. Practical application includes using such multiple techniques as what-if scenarios and probability analysis into feasibility processes and utilise these specific techniques in the pre-acquisition stages of the property development process and, specifically, in the site acquisition process to support decision-making, including a live risk register and catalogue of risks, including identification of and plans for mitigation of project risks, as a form of risk management.Originality/valueFirst study to examine the extent of the decision-making methods used by property developers in the pre-acquisition stage of the development process.

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Classification and distribution of Tabanidae (Diptera)

Australian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1071/zo9540431 ◽

1954 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 431 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

IM Mackerras

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

South America ◽

Radial Distribution ◽

Southern Africa ◽

World Wide ◽

Primitive Groups ◽

Early Stages ◽

The Family ◽

Southern Regional

The old primary classification of the Tabanidae, based on the presence or absence of hind tibia1 spurs, has been replaced by one based primarily on the genitalia of both sexes, but supported by a significant, though not complete, correlation with external characters. The early stages, so far as known, support the new arrangement. The following subfamilies and tribes are recognized: Pangoniinae Scepsidinae Chrysopinae Tabaninue Pangoniini Bouvieromyiini Diachlorini Scionini Chrysopini Haematopotini Philolichini Rhinomyzini Tabanini Distribution of the family is world-wide, but can be divided into three main sections. More primitive groups are predominantly southern, occurring in some or all of South America, southern Africa, Australia, and New Zealand, with occasional northern extensions, and, in one case (Pangoniini), an extensive Holarctic arc. More specialized groups show two patterns. Southern regional radiations have occurred in South America and Africa, with extensions respectively into the Nearctic and Oriental-Australasian regions. Northern radiation of Chrysopini,Haematopotini, and Tabanini has resulted in a radial distribution like that of the eutherian mammals.

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Urban history in Australasia

Urban History ◽

10.1017/s0963926800006921 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. 61-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D. A. Hamer ◽

Max Kelly

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

National Identity ◽

New Zealand ◽

Urban History ◽

Urban Society ◽

Major Aspect ◽

Early Stages ◽

European Settlement ◽

To Come ◽

New Zealanders

New Zealand's national myths have emphasized the rural frontier. The archetypal and most commonly celebrated colonist has been the backblocks settler, the cow cockie, and to some extent the gold miner. New Zealanders have never seen much glamour in their towns. Yet from the very beginning New Zealand has been a mainly urban society. Many towns were founded in the early stages of European settlement, and New Zealand has exhibited in modified form the tendency to ‘metropolitanism’ characteristic of other countries that were settled in the mid-nineteenth century. The urban historian could have a very important role to play in helping New Zealanders to come to terms with, and absorb into their sense of national identity, this major aspect of their national existence.

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