scholarly journals Direct economic losses of Toxoplasma gondii abortion outbreaks in two Spanish sheep flocks

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 100623
Author(s):  
Daniel Gutiérrez-Expósito ◽  
Fernando Tejerina ◽  
Jorge Gutiérrez ◽  
Mercedes Fernández-Escobar ◽  
Luis M. Ortega-Mora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Direct Economic Losses

scholarly journals Serological survey of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and Coxiella burnetii in rodents in north-western African islands (Canary Islands and Cape Verde)

2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Foronda ◽  
Josué Plata-Luis ◽  
Borja Del Castillo-Figueruelo ◽  
Ángela Fernández-Álvarez ◽  
Aarón Martín-Alonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Cape Verde ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
North Western

Coxiella burnetii and Toxoplasma gondii are intracellular parasites that cause important reproductive disorders in animals and humans worldwide, resulting in high economic losses. The aim of the present study was to analyse the possible role of peridomestic small mammals in the maintenance and transmission of C. burnetii and T. gondii in the north-western African archipelagos of the Canary Islands and Cape Verde, where these species are commonly found affecting humans and farm animals. Between 2009 and 2013, 108 black rats (Rattus rattus) and 77 mice (Mus musculus) were analysed for the presence of Coxiella and Toxoplasma antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect immunofluorescence (IFA), respectively. Our results showed a wide distribution of C. burnetii and T. gondii, except for T. gondii in Cape Verde, in both rodent species. The overall seroprevalence of C. burnetii antibodies was 12.4%; 21.1% for Cape Verde and 10.2% for the Canary Islands. With respect to T. gondii, seropositive rodents were only observed in the Canary Islands, with an overall seroprevalence of 15%. Considering the fact that both pathogens can infect a large range of hosts, including livestock and humans, the results are of public health and veterinary importance and could be used by governmental entities to manage risk factors and to prevent future cases of Q fever and toxoplasmosis.

scholarly journals Molecular Detection of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in Domestic Ducks in Hunan Province, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiu-Yan Lv ◽  
He-Liang Zheng ◽  
Wen-He Yang ◽  
Guo-Hua Liu
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Domestic Ducks ◽  
New Information ◽  
B1 Gene ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are protozoan parasites that infect warm-blooded animals, and cause major economic losses in livestock industries worldwide. However, little is known about the genotypes of T. gondii and N. caninum in domestic ducks in China. Herein, brain samples from 588 domestic ducks from Hunan province in China were examined for the presence of T. gondii and N. caninum. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect T. gondii B1 gene and N. caninum NC-5 gene. Forty-five DNA samples (7.7%; 95% CI: 5.5–9.9) were positive for B1 gene, and two (0.3%; 95% CI: 0–0.7) were positive for NC-5 gene. The risk factors significantly associated with T. gondii infection were age and sex. The 45 samples positive for T. gondii were genotyped using multi-locus PCR-RFLP analysis and only one sample was fully genotyped as ToxoDB#9 (Chinese I). These results provide new information about the epidemiology of T. gondii and N. caninum in ducks in Hunan province in China. The data also highlight the importance of a “One Health” approach to dealing with toxoplasmosis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Helminth Infections Identified in Slaughtered Livestock in Iran, 2015-2019

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behzad Kiani ◽  
Christine M. Budke ◽  
Ebrahim Shams Abadi ◽  
Soheil Hashtarkhani ◽  
Amene Raouf Rahmati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Northwestern Iran ◽  
Direct Economic Losses

Abstract Introduction: Helminth infections of livestock can result in considerable economic losses. This study aims to evaluate the spatial frequency of cystic echinococcosis (CE), dicrocoeliasis, and fascioliasis in livestock slaughtered in Iran during the years 2015-2019 and estimate direct costs associated with organ condemnation due to these parasites.Methods: Abattoir data from all 31 Iranian provinces were collected from the Iran Veterinary Organization. Infection prevalence was calculated per year at the province level. The Local Moran's I statistic was performed to evaluate spatial autocorrelation of animals positive at slaughter for the years 2015-2019. Direct costs associated with condemned livers were calculated for each parasitic condition. Results: Overall prevalence values for the study timeframe were as follows: sheep and goat fascioliasis (1.5%, 910,282/58,393,349), cattle fascioliasis (3.8%, 23,3175/6,038,419), sheep and goat dicrocoeliasis (4.6%; 270,1274/58,393,349), cattle dicrocoeliasis (3.1%; 186,009/6,038,419), sheep and goat CE (5.3%; 3,108,767/58,393,349), and cattle CE (7.2%; 438,534/6,038,419). Northwestern Iran had the highest prevalence of CE and fascioliasis. High infection areas for Dicrocoelium spp. included the provinces of Zanjan, Gilan, Qazvin, and Tehran, which are located in northern Iran. Direct economic losses for sheep and goat fascioliasis, dicrocoeliasis, and CE for the study period were US$13,841,826, US$41,768,472, and US$22,801,296, respectively. Direct economic losses for cattle fascioliasis, dicrocoeliasis, and CE for the study period were US$1,989,582, US$1,669,289, and US$2,656,535, respectively.Conclusion: Our findings provide valuable data for future monitoring of these important parasitic diseases in Iranian livestock. Disease control strategies are required to reduce the economic and public health impact of these helminths.

scholarly journals Molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii in aborted fetuses of goats in Chattogram, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 2386-2391
Author(s):  
Tanjila Hasan ◽  
Abdul Mannan ◽  
Delower Hossain ◽  
Azizunnesa Rekha ◽  
Md. Monir Hossan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Positive Sample ◽  
Reproductive Failure ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Livestock Industry ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Congenital Diseases

Background and Aim: Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that is responsible for the major cause of congenital diseases, abortion, and stillbirth in humans and farm animals. Primary infection in pregnant goats due to T. gondii leads to abortion and significant economic losses in the livestock industry. Moreover, very few studies have been performed for the identification of T. gondii from aborted fetuses of goats. The study was conducted for the molecular identification of Toxoplasma gondii from aborted fetuses of goats in Chattogram, Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: Twenty aborted fetuses of goats were collected from 52 farms in the study area. A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting the B1 gene was performed, and a positive sample yield of 197 bp amplified DNA products consistent with T. gondii. Results: The overall prevalence of toxoplasmosis in the aborted fetus of goats was 35.0%. Heart muscle, liver, brain, and placenta showed positive PCR results. The risk factors related to the does age, presence of cats in farms, and aborted fetus age were found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). Our results showed that T. gondii is a major possible causal factor for abortion and reproductive failure in goats. The high prevalence of T. gondii infection in aborted fetuses of goats revealed that T. gondii could be imperative in causing reproductive failure in goats. Conclusion: Active or congenital toxoplasmosis was shown by the presence of T. gondii in fetal tissues, which is a matter of concern as this parasite has zoonotic significance and causes economic hazards to the livestock industry by causing various reproductive problems. Therefore, proper control measures and strategies are needed to reduce the rate of abortion in goats, ultimately saving the livestock industry.

scholarly journals First report on seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep and goats in North Lebanon

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (09) ◽  
pp. 831-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dima El Safadi ◽  
Dany Abi Chahine ◽  
Alissar Al Tarraf ◽  
Omar Raii ◽  
Karim Mesto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Transplacental Transmission ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Modified Agglutination Test ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

Introduction: Toxoplasmosis is of dual importance in both public and veterinary health due to the respective risk of transplacental transmission in primo-infected pregnant women and economic losses caused by abortions in mammals. One of the main routes of Toxoplasma gondii transmission to humans is the consumption of raw or undercooked meats containing parasitic cysts. Here, we performed the first epidemiological study to determine the seroprevalence and the risk factors of toxoplasmosis in livestock in Lebanon. Methodology: Using a modified agglutination test with a cut-off of 1:40, we tested the positivity rate of Immunoglobulin G antibodies in the sera of 100 sheep and 80 goats collected from 18 different livestock farms located in North Lebanon between March and June 2018. Results: Anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibodies were detected in 42% of sheep and 34% of goats. Adults (> 1 year) were significantly more infected by T. gondii than the lambs (< 1 year) in both species (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These findings indicated that food animals are highly exposed to T. gondii in Lebanon and could be potentially a major risk factor of T. gondii infection to humans. Consequently, national prophylactic strategies should be implemented to control and to prevent T. gondii transmission between animals and humans.

scholarly journals Estimation of Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in sheep in Sidi Bel Abbes, Algeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Abdelkrim Aroussi ◽  
Ahmed Megharbi ◽  
Meghit Boumediene Khaled ◽  
Hadj Labdouni ◽  
Kadi Diafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Sheep Meat ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Sheep are considered as an important reservoir of human Toxoplasma gondii infections, although more recent data on the prevalence of T. gondii in sheep in Algeria are lacking. This study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of T. gondii in sheep to obtain a better insight into the importance of sheep as reservoirs of human infection. A commercial ELISA kit, which detects antibodies against T. gondii, was utilized to test 269 sera collected from yearling sheep in the municipal slaughterhouse of Sidi-Bel-Abbes city between October 2020 and February 2021. Simultaneously, we assessed the cut-off as recommended by the manufacturer (S/P>50%) and the bootstrap statistical model to estimate the optimal cut-off value (OD = 0.12). The overall seroprevalence was estimated at 34.2% (92/269) using the ELISA kit cut-off and 50.5% (136/269) using the bootstrapped cut-off, being significantly higher compared to sheep from other regions in Algeria. In conclusion, the seroprevalence of T. gondii in sheep was elevated, constituting, therefore, a major public health concern, as sheep meat could be a significant source of T. gondii infection for human consumers. Further studies are required to estimate the impact of abortion among livestock animals caused by T. gondii infection such as sheep, where it could lead to considerable economic losses.

Building an Awareness Model of Emergency Supplies Dispatching for Tropical Cyclone Disasters in Guangxi

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-171
Author(s):  
Guoyou Yue ◽  
Boonsub Panichakarn
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Disaster Relief ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Beibu Gulf ◽  
Distribution Centers ◽  
Emergency Logistics ◽  
Displaced People ◽  
Direct Economic Losses ◽  
The Impact

It is found that Guangxi is affected by many tropical cyclones (generally referred to as typhoons in China) every year. According to the statistics of typhoons that entered the inland of Guangxi from 1970 to 2013, 89 typhoons entered Guangxi in 44 years, with an average of 2 typhoons per year (Jing Li, Liyan Qi, 2015). And these tropical cyclone disasters have caused a large number of casualties and economic losses in Guangxi. Typhoon No. 0606 "Prapiroon" entered Guangxi from Yulin city, causing 74 counties (cities and districts) in Guangxi to suffer disasters, affecting 5.76 million people, killing 34 people and causing direct economic losses of 7 billion yuan (Jing Li, et al., 2007). In addition, according to the report of Guangxi Civil Affairs Department, super typhoon No. 1409 "Rammasun" landed in Fangchenggang area of Beibu Gulf, causing 4.3211 million people in 11 cities and 57 counties (cities and districts) including Beihai and Fangchenggang to suffer disaster, affecting 1.456 million hectares of crops, 8,527 farmhouses collapsed, and the direct economic losses reached 13.84 billion yuan. Moreover, the number and intensity of tropical cyclone that caused serious damage to Guangxi increased gradually. The damage caused by tropical cyclone is very huge, the disaster area is widely distributed, and the loss of many people is also very large. How to deliver the emergency supplies to the victims timely at minimum cost becomes the key to disaster relief. But the emergency supplies dispatching involves many problems. Because the displaced people are distributed in different settlements. The extent of the impact varies from place to place and the type and amount of emergency supplies needed. The distance between settlements and distribution centers varies from place to place, as does the connectivity of roads. Therefore, it is necessary to establish an awareness model for emergency supplies dispatching to solve these problems, so that emergency agencies of governments at all levels can make emergency supplies dispatching scheme faster and improve disaster relief effects. Keywords: Emergency Logistics, Tropical Cyclone Disasters, Emergency Supplies Dispatching, Transshipment Problem, Guangxi

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