Salt selected for hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria and enhanced hydrocarbon biodegradation in slurry bioreactors

2021 ◽  
pp. 117424
Author(s):  
Ali Akbari ◽  
Carolyn David ◽  
Arshath Abdul Rahim ◽  
Subhasis Ghoshal
Keyword(s):  
Hydrocarbon Biodegradation ◽  
Degrading Bacteria

scholarly journals Effects of Dispersants and Biosurfactants on Crude-Oil Biodegradation and Bacterial Community Succession

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1200
Author(s):  
Gareth E. Thomas ◽  
Jan L. Brant ◽  
Pablo Campo ◽  
Dave R. Clark ◽  
Frederic Coulon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Niche Partitioning ◽  
Hydrocarbon Biodegradation ◽  
Hydrocarbonoclastic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Response ◽  
Oil Biodegradation ◽  
Interfacial Surface ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Oil Spill Response

This study evaluated the effects of three commercial dispersants (Finasol OSR 52, Slickgone NS, Superdispersant 25) and three biosurfactants (rhamnolipid, trehalolipid, sophorolipid) in crude-oil seawater microcosms. We analysed the crucial early bacterial response (1 and 3 days). In contrast, most analyses miss this key period and instead focus on later time points after oil and dispersant addition. By focusing on the early stage, we show that dispersants and biosurfactants, which reduce the interfacial surface tension of oil and water, significantly increase the abundance of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria, and the rate of hydrocarbon biodegradation, within 24 h. A succession of obligate hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria (OHCB), driven by metabolite niche partitioning, is demonstrated. Importantly, this succession has revealed how the OHCB Oleispira, hitherto considered to be a psychrophile, can dominate in the early stages of oil-spill response (1 and 3 days), outcompeting all other OHCB, at the relatively high temperature of 16 °C. Additionally, we demonstrate how some dispersants or biosurfactants can select for specific bacterial genera, especially the biosurfactant rhamnolipid, which appears to provide an advantageous compatibility with Pseudomonas, a genus in which some species synthesize rhamnolipid in the presence of hydrocarbons.

scholarly journals Comparative Proteomics of Marinobacter sp. TT1 Reveals Corexit Impacts on Hydrocarbon Metabolism, Chemotactic Motility, and Biofilm Formation

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Saskia Rughöft ◽  
Nico Jehmlich ◽  
Tony Gutierrez ◽  
Sara Kleindienst
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Comparative Proteomics ◽  
Hydrocarbon Biodegradation ◽  
Solvent Tolerance ◽  
Marine Microorganisms ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
First Time

The application of chemical dispersants during marine oil spills can affect the community composition and activity of marine microorganisms. Several studies have indicated that certain marine hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria, such as Marinobacter spp., can be inhibited by chemical dispersants, resulting in lower abundances and/or reduced biodegradation rates. However, a major knowledge gap exists regarding the mechanisms underlying these physiological effects. Here, we performed comparative proteomics of the Deepwater Horizon isolate Marinobacter sp. TT1 grown under different conditions. Strain TT1 received different carbon sources (pyruvate vs. n-hexadecane) with and without added dispersant (Corexit EC9500A). Additional treatments contained crude oil in the form of a water-accommodated fraction (WAF) or chemically-enhanced WAF (CEWAF; with Corexit). For the first time, we identified the proteins associated with alkane metabolism and alginate biosynthesis in strain TT1, report on its potential for aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation and present a protein-based proposed metabolism of Corexit components as carbon substrates. Our findings revealed that Corexit exposure affects hydrocarbon metabolism, chemotactic motility, biofilm formation, and induces solvent tolerance mechanisms, like efflux pumps, in strain TT1. This study provides novel insights into dispersant impacts on microbial hydrocarbon degraders that should be taken into consideration for future oil spill response actions.

Effect of Dispersants on Oil Biodegradation Under Simulated Marine Conditions

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. J. Swannell ◽  
Fabien Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Cluster Formation ◽  
Hydrocarbon Biodegradation ◽  
Dispersed Oil ◽  
Oil Biodegradation ◽  
Size Number ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Aliphatic And Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Neutrally Buoyant

ABSTRACT A study was undertaken on the dispersion, microbial colonisation and biodegradation of chemically-dispersed weathered Forties crude oil under simulated marine conditions in laboratory microcosms. The measurements of droplet size, number and microbial colonisation were made using new techniques developed by the project team. Rapid growth of indigenous micro-organisms capable of degrading both crude oil and dispersants was observed in the presence of chemically-dispersed oil. These organisms colonised the dispersed oil and biodegraded the aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. These processes was stimulated by the addition of inorganic nutrients. Some colonised droplets agglomerated into neutrally-buoyant “clusters” (100 µm- 2 mm diameter) consisting of oil, bacteria, protozoa, and nematodes. After substantial hydrocarbon biodegradation these clusters sank to the bottom of the microcosms. No biodegradation or cluster formation was noted in “killed” controls in which biological activity had been inhibited. Different dispersants promoted microbial growth to differing extents. These results suggest that the addition of dispersants can increase the rate of oil biodegradation under natural conditions by promoting the growth of indigenous hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria, as well as increasing the surface area of oil available for microbial colonisation.

scholarly journals Microbial Communities across Global Marine Basins Show Important Compositional Similarities by Depth

mBio ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
John I. Miller ◽  
Stephen Techtmann ◽  
Dominique Joyner ◽  
Nagissa Mahmoudi ◽  
Julian Fortney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Hydrocarbon Biodegradation ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Vital Component ◽  
Marine Microbial Communities ◽  
Marine Basins

ABSTRACT The environmental surveys following the 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) spill identified a variety of hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms, and laboratory studies with field-collected water samples then demonstrated faster-than-expected hydrocarbon biodegradation rates at 5°C. Knowledge about microbial community composition, diversity, and functional metabolic capabilities aids in understanding and predicting petroleum biodegradation by microbial communities in situ and is therefore an important component of the petroleum spill response decision-making process. This study investigates the taxonomic composition of microbial communities in six different global basins where petroleum and gas activities occur. Shallow-water communities were strikingly similar across basins, while deep-water communities tended to show subclusters by basin, with communities from the epipelagic, mesopelagic, and bathypelagic zones sometimes appearing within the same cluster. Microbial taxa that were enriched in the water column in the Gulf of Mexico following the DWH spill were found across marine basins. Several hydrocarbon-degrading genera (e.g., Actinobacteria, Pseudomonas, and Rhodobacteriacea) were common across all basins. Other genera such as Pseudoalteromonas and Oleibacter were highly enriched in specific basins. IMPORTANCE Marine microbial communities are a vital component of global carbon cycling, and numerous studies have shown that populations of petroleum-degrading bacteria are ubiquitous in the oceans. Few studies have attempted to distinguish all of the taxa that might contribute to petroleum biodegradation (including, e.g., heterotrophic and nondesignated microbes that respond positively to petroleum and microbes that grow on petroleum as the sole carbon source). This study quantifies the subpopulations of microorganisms that are expected to be involved in petroleum hydrocarbon biodegradation, which is important information during the decision-making process in the event of a petroleum spill accident.

scholarly journals Bioaugmentation of Native Fungi, an Efficient Strategy for the Bioremediation of an Aged Industrially Polluted Soil With Heavy Hydrocarbons

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Cecilia Medaura ◽  
Miriam Guivernau ◽  
X. Moreno-Ventas ◽  
Francesc X. Prenafeta-Boldú ◽  
Marc Viñas
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Fischeri ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Hydrocarbon Biodegradation ◽  
Soil Bioremediation ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Native Fungi

The concurrence of structurally complex petroleum-associated contaminants at relatively high concentrations, with diverse climatic conditions and textural soil characteristics, hinders conventional bioremediation processes. Recalcitrant compounds such as high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HMW-PAHs) and heavy alkanes commonly remain after standard soil bioremediation at concentrations above regulatory limits. The present study assessed the potential of native fungal bioaugmentation as a strategy to promote the bioremediation of an aged industrially polluted soil enriched with heavy hydrocarbon fractions. Microcosms assays were performed by means of biostimulation and bioaugmentation, by inoculating a defined consortium of six potentially hydrocarbonoclastic fungi belonging to the genera Penicillium, Ulocladium, Aspergillus, and Fusarium, which were isolated previously from the polluted soil. The biodegradation performance of fungal bioaugmentation was compared with soil biostimulation (water and nutrient addition) and with untreated soil as a control. Fungal bioaugmentation resulted in a higher biodegradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and of HMW-PAHs than with biostimulation. TPH (C14-C35) decreased by a 39.90 ± 1.99% in bioaugmented microcosms vs. a 24.17 ± 1.31% in biostimulated microcosms. As for the effect of fungal bioaugmentation on HMW-PAHs, the 5-ringed benzo(a)fluoranthene and benzo(a)pyrene were reduced by a 36% and 46%, respectively, while the 6-ringed benzoperylene decreased by a 28%, after 120 days of treatment. Biostimulated microcosm exhibited a significantly lower reduction of 5- and 6-ringed PAHs (8% and 5% respectively). Higher TPH and HMW-PAHs biodegradation levels in bioaugmented microcosms were also associated to a significant decrease in acute ecotoxicity (EC50) by Vibrio fischeri bioluminiscence inhibition assays. Molecular profiling and counting of viable hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria from soil microcosms revealed that fungal bioaugmentation promoted the growth of autochthonous active hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria. The implementation of such an approach to enhance hydrocarbon biodegradation should be considered as a novel bioremediation strategy for the treatment of the most recalcitrant and highly genotoxic hydrocarbons in aged industrially polluted soils.

scholarly journals A Comparison between Chemical and Natural Dispersion of a North Sea Oil-spill

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth E Thomas ◽  
Terry J McGenity ◽  
Marieke Zeinstra-Helfrich ◽  
Boyd A McKew
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Hydrocarbon Biodegradation ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Hydrocarbonoclastic Bacteria ◽  
Ecological Index ◽  
Oil Slick ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Two Samples

ABSTRACT The application of dispersants to an oil-slick is a key remediation tool and thus understanding its effectiveness is vital. Two in situ oil slicks were created in the North Sea (off the coast of The Netherlands), one left to natural processes whilst dispersant (Slickgone NS) was applied to the other. GC-MS analysis of seawater from the surface slick, and at 1.5 and 5 m below the slick, revealed only two samples with measurable hydrocarbons (221 ± 92 μg ml−1 seawater), from the surface of the “Slickgone Dispersed” oil-slick ~25.5 hours after oil-slick formation, which was likely due to environmental conditions hindering sampling. Additionally, 16S rRNA gene quantitative PCR and amplicon analysis revealed extremely limited growth of obligate hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria (OHCB), detected at a relative abundance of <1×10-6 %. Furthermore, the Ecological Index of Hydrocarbon Exposure (EIHE) score, which quantifies the proportion of the bacterial community with hydrocarbon-biodegradation potential, was extremely low at 0.012 (scale of 0 – 1). This very low abundance of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria at the time of sampling, even in samples with measurable hydrocarbons, could potentially be attributed to nutrient limitation (~25.5 hours after oil-slick creation total inorganic nitrogen was 3.33 μM and phosphorus was undetectable). The results of this study highlight a limited capacity for the environment, during this relatively short period, to naturally attenuate oil.

scholarly journals SYNERGISM BETWEEN RHIZOSPHERE BACTERIA ISOLATES FROM Scleria sp., Clidemia sp., AND Panicum sp. TO INCREASE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MIXED CULTURES IN HYDROCARBON BIODEGRADATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
Dwi Hardestyariki ◽  
Bambang Yudono ◽  
Munawar Munawar
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Rhizosphere Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Hydrocarbon Biodegradation ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Clear Zone ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this research is to obtain hydrocarbon degrading bacteria that work synergistically in a consortium. Consortium microorganisms is mixture of microbial populations in the form of communities that have mutualistic relationships and doesn’t inhibition the growth of other microbes. In this study, isolates were obtained from the rhizosphere of soil contaminated with petroleum. The isolates obtained were tested for synergism to determine the relationship between bacterial isolates. Synergism testing was carried out using the spread plate method on agar media. The results of this study showed that isolate number one showed antagonistic properties to other bacterial isolates by forming a clear zone around the disc paper. A total of eight bacterial isolates showed the greatest percentage of synergism, namely ≥ 80% so that the eight rhizosphere bacterial isolates could be used as materials for mixed culture.

EFFECT OF SAND PARTICLE SIZE, OIL CONTAMINATION, AND WATER TABLE LEVEL ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SORBENTS IN WICKING OIL FROM CONTAMINATED WETLAND

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 (1) ◽  
pp. 537-539
Author(s):  
Seungjoon Chung ◽  
Jaclyn Gandee ◽  
Makram T. Suidan ◽  
Albert D. Venosa
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spills ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Hydrocarbon Biodegradation ◽  
Sand Particle ◽  
Oil Contamination ◽  
Sand Layer ◽  
Sorbent Layer ◽  
Degrading Bacteria

ABSTRACT Oil spill cleanup in wetlands is problematic because of the limited remediation techniques that can be applied in such environments. The use of sorbents to clean up oil spills presents many advantages due to simplicity of approach and the inexpensive nature of these materials. Furthermore, sorbents can be used not only as wicking agents but also as microbial media that mediate hydrocarbon biodegradation. Once a sorbent is applied to an impacted wetland, it absorbs the contaminating oil. It retains the oil for a sufficient length of time to allow biodegradation of hydrocarbons by indigenous bacteria under aerobic conditions. In addition, plant-derived organic sorbents are biodegradable, thus leaving no permanent residue. Ammoniated bagasse is one of the biodegradable organic sorbents that contain nitrogen as a nutrient needed to support the activity of oil degrading bacteria. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of sorbents in wicking oil from the subsurface of oil-contaminated sediments under various conditions. Several microcosms were prepared to simulate saturated wetland environments. Glass cylinders, 10 cm in diameter and 10 cm in height, enclosed these microcosms. Each microcosm was layered in the following sequence (from the bottom to the top): a clean sand layer, an oiled-sand layer, and an overlying sorbent layer. Sand, sorbent, and water were sterilized prior to use to ensure that no biodegradation occurs during the experiment. The different conditions included: 2 particle sizes of sand (20 × 30 and 60 × 80 U.S. Mesh), 2 levels of oil contamination (25% and 75% of saturation), 3 water levels (at the oiled-layer/clean sand interface, at the oiled-layer/sorbent-layer interface, and at the sorbent-layer/air interface), and 2 levels of sorbent (presence or absence). Oil wicking experiments were performed in airtight microcosms for a period of 3 months. At the termination of an experiment, each layer of the microcosms was separated and samples were taken. Samples were extracted with dichloromethane and quantified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Mass balances in each microcosm were established in terms of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH). TPH includes alkanes (C10-C35); pristane; phytane; hopane; 2-, 3-, and 4-ring PAHs; and pyrogenic PAHs (5- & 6-rings). The TPH change in each layer from time zero to 3 months was used to determine the effectiveness of the sorbent under each condition tested.

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