scholarly journals Bioaugmentation of Native Fungi, an Efficient Strategy for the Bioremediation of an Aged Industrially Polluted Soil With Heavy Hydrocarbons

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Cecilia Medaura ◽  
Miriam Guivernau ◽  
X. Moreno-Ventas ◽  
Francesc X. Prenafeta-Boldú ◽  
Marc Viñas
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Fischeri ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Hydrocarbon Biodegradation ◽  
Soil Bioremediation ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Native Fungi

The concurrence of structurally complex petroleum-associated contaminants at relatively high concentrations, with diverse climatic conditions and textural soil characteristics, hinders conventional bioremediation processes. Recalcitrant compounds such as high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HMW-PAHs) and heavy alkanes commonly remain after standard soil bioremediation at concentrations above regulatory limits. The present study assessed the potential of native fungal bioaugmentation as a strategy to promote the bioremediation of an aged industrially polluted soil enriched with heavy hydrocarbon fractions. Microcosms assays were performed by means of biostimulation and bioaugmentation, by inoculating a defined consortium of six potentially hydrocarbonoclastic fungi belonging to the genera Penicillium, Ulocladium, Aspergillus, and Fusarium, which were isolated previously from the polluted soil. The biodegradation performance of fungal bioaugmentation was compared with soil biostimulation (water and nutrient addition) and with untreated soil as a control. Fungal bioaugmentation resulted in a higher biodegradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and of HMW-PAHs than with biostimulation. TPH (C14-C35) decreased by a 39.90 ± 1.99% in bioaugmented microcosms vs. a 24.17 ± 1.31% in biostimulated microcosms. As for the effect of fungal bioaugmentation on HMW-PAHs, the 5-ringed benzo(a)fluoranthene and benzo(a)pyrene were reduced by a 36% and 46%, respectively, while the 6-ringed benzoperylene decreased by a 28%, after 120 days of treatment. Biostimulated microcosm exhibited a significantly lower reduction of 5- and 6-ringed PAHs (8% and 5% respectively). Higher TPH and HMW-PAHs biodegradation levels in bioaugmented microcosms were also associated to a significant decrease in acute ecotoxicity (EC50) by Vibrio fischeri bioluminiscence inhibition assays. Molecular profiling and counting of viable hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria from soil microcosms revealed that fungal bioaugmentation promoted the growth of autochthonous active hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria. The implementation of such an approach to enhance hydrocarbon biodegradation should be considered as a novel bioremediation strategy for the treatment of the most recalcitrant and highly genotoxic hydrocarbons in aged industrially polluted soils.

scholarly journals Fungal Population Dynamics Associated with Active-phase of Hydrocarbon Degradation in Oil-polluted Soil

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
A. U. Okoye ◽  
C. B. Chikere ◽  
G. C. Okpokwasili
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Hydrocarbon Degradation ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Fungal Population ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
Chromatographic Mass

Fungal population dynamics was monitored in an oil-polluted soil undergoing remediation by enhanced natural attenuation (RENA) at Ibaa, Emohua L. G. A. Rivers State. Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined from baseline [pre-RENA (POL B)] and sampling days 0 (POL 0), 9 (POL 9), 18 (POL 18), 36 (POL 36) and day 56 (POL 56)] using gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry.  The baseline TPH and PAHs were 9,146.65 ppm and 3,454.10 ppm in the polluted soil (pre-RENA) and 479.67 ppm and 279.72 ppm for unpolluted soil (pristine control) respectively. By day 56, percentages of contaminants degradation were 97% and 89% for TPH and PAHs respectively. Higher counts for both heterotrophic fungal (THF) counts and culturable hydrocarbon utilizing fungal (HUF) counts were obtained on day 36 with values of 5.6 x 105 cfu/g and 4.77 x 106 cfu/g respectively. Out of the 47 HUF isolated and characterized, 34 hydrocarbon utilizing fungi were isolated in the active phase between day 9 (POL 9) to day 36 (POL 36).  These recovered hydrocarbon degrading fungal isolates associated with the active phase of hydrocarbon degradation (Mucor sp., Malbranchia sp., Prototheca sp., Cladosporium spp., Trichosporon sp., Acremonium spp., Rhizomucor spp.). RENA treatment effectively reduced the pollutant levels in the impacted soil.

scholarly journals Anthropogenic effects on the marine environment adjacent to Palmer Station, Antarctica

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Terence A. Palmer ◽  
Andrew G. Klein ◽  
Stephen T. Sweet ◽  
Paul A. Montagna ◽  
Larry J. Hyde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Natural Sediment ◽  
Sewage Outfall ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Palmer Station ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Macrofaunal Community

Abstract Localized contamination from research-related activities and its effects on macrofauna communities in the marine environment were investigated at Palmer Station, a medium-sized Antarctic research station. Relatively low concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; 32–302 ng g-1) and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs; 0.9–8.9 μg g-1) were detected in sediments adjacent to the sewage outfall and pier, where most human activities were expected to have occurred, and at even lower concentrations at two seemingly reference areas (PAHs 6–30 ng g-1, TPHs 0.03–5.1 μg g-1). Elevated concentrations of PAHs in one sample taken in one reference area (816 ng g-1) and polychlorinated biphenyls (353 ng g-1) and dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (3.2 and 25.3 ng g-1) in two samples taken adjacent to the sewage outfall indicate spatial heterogeneity of localized sediment contamination. Limpet (Nacella concinna) tissues collected adjacent to Palmer Station had high concentrations of PAHs, copper, lead, zinc and several other metals relative to outlying islands. Sediment and limpet tissue contaminant concentrations have decreased since the early 1990s following the Bahía Paraíso spill. Natural sediment characteristics affected macrofaunal community composition more than contamination adjacent to Palmer Station, presumably because of the low overall contamination levels.

EFFECT OF SAND PARTICLE SIZE, OIL CONTAMINATION, AND WATER TABLE LEVEL ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SORBENTS IN WICKING OIL FROM CONTAMINATED WETLAND

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 (1) ◽  
pp. 537-539
Author(s):  
Seungjoon Chung ◽  
Jaclyn Gandee ◽  
Makram T. Suidan ◽  
Albert D. Venosa
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spills ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Hydrocarbon Biodegradation ◽  
Sand Particle ◽  
Oil Contamination ◽  
Sand Layer ◽  
Sorbent Layer ◽  
Degrading Bacteria

ABSTRACT Oil spill cleanup in wetlands is problematic because of the limited remediation techniques that can be applied in such environments. The use of sorbents to clean up oil spills presents many advantages due to simplicity of approach and the inexpensive nature of these materials. Furthermore, sorbents can be used not only as wicking agents but also as microbial media that mediate hydrocarbon biodegradation. Once a sorbent is applied to an impacted wetland, it absorbs the contaminating oil. It retains the oil for a sufficient length of time to allow biodegradation of hydrocarbons by indigenous bacteria under aerobic conditions. In addition, plant-derived organic sorbents are biodegradable, thus leaving no permanent residue. Ammoniated bagasse is one of the biodegradable organic sorbents that contain nitrogen as a nutrient needed to support the activity of oil degrading bacteria. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of sorbents in wicking oil from the subsurface of oil-contaminated sediments under various conditions. Several microcosms were prepared to simulate saturated wetland environments. Glass cylinders, 10 cm in diameter and 10 cm in height, enclosed these microcosms. Each microcosm was layered in the following sequence (from the bottom to the top): a clean sand layer, an oiled-sand layer, and an overlying sorbent layer. Sand, sorbent, and water were sterilized prior to use to ensure that no biodegradation occurs during the experiment. The different conditions included: 2 particle sizes of sand (20 × 30 and 60 × 80 U.S. Mesh), 2 levels of oil contamination (25% and 75% of saturation), 3 water levels (at the oiled-layer/clean sand interface, at the oiled-layer/sorbent-layer interface, and at the sorbent-layer/air interface), and 2 levels of sorbent (presence or absence). Oil wicking experiments were performed in airtight microcosms for a period of 3 months. At the termination of an experiment, each layer of the microcosms was separated and samples were taken. Samples were extracted with dichloromethane and quantified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Mass balances in each microcosm were established in terms of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH). TPH includes alkanes (C10-C35); pristane; phytane; hopane; 2-, 3-, and 4-ring PAHs; and pyrogenic PAHs (5- & 6-rings). The TPH change in each layer from time zero to 3 months was used to determine the effectiveness of the sorbent under each condition tested.

Development of a groundwater biobarrier for the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, BTEX, and heterocyclic hydrocarbons

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 1349-1355 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tiehm ◽  
A. Müller ◽  
S. Alt ◽  
H. Jacob ◽  
H. Schad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Permeable Reactive Barrier ◽  
Column Studies ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Tar Oil ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The City

A full scale funnel-and-gate biobarrier has been developed for the removal of tar oil pollutants at an abandoned tar factory site near the city of Offenbach, Germany. Laboratory and on-site column studies were done to determine the operation parameters for microbiological clean-up of the groundwater polluted with 12,000 μg/L mono- aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene and the xylenes, 4,800 μg/L polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as naphthalene and acenaphthene, and 4,700 μg/L heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzofuran and benzothiophene. In the laboratory study, a residence time of approx. 70 h proved to be sufficient for aerobic pollutant biodegradation. Up to 180 mg/L H2O2 were added and did not lead to any toxic effects to the degrading bacteria. The feasibility of the concept was confirmed in an on-site pilot study performed with a sedimentation tank (removal of ferric iron) and two bioreactors. In the bioreactors, >99.3% of the pollutants were degraded. Biodegradation activity corresponded to a significant increase in numbers of pollutant degrading bacteria. In the bioreactors, a fast dissociation of H2O2 was observed resulting in losses of oxygen and temporary gas clogging. Therefore, a repeated addition of moderate concentrations of H2O2 proved to be more favourable than the addition of high concentrations at a single dosing port. The full scale biobarrier consists of three separated bioreactors thus enabling extended control and access to the reactors. The operation of the funnel-and-gate biobarrier started in April 2007, and represents the first biological permeable reactive barrier with extended control (EC-PRB) in Germany.

Potential Contribution of Nutrients and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from the Creeks of Cootes Paradise Marsh

1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Chow-Fraser ◽  
Barb Crosbie ◽  
Douglas Bryant ◽  
Brian McCarry
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Engine Combustion ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Derivatives Of

Abstract During the summer of 1994, we compared the physical and nutrient characteristics of the three main tributaries of Cootes Paradise: Spencer, Chedoke and Borer’s creeks. On all sampling occasions, concentrations of CHL α and nutrients were always lowest in Borer’s Creek and highest in Chedoke Creek. There were generally 10-fold higher CHL α concentrations and 2 to 10 times higher levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in Chedoke Creek compared with Spencer Creek. Despite this, the light environment did not differ significantly between Spencer and Chedoke creeks because the low algal biomass in Spencer Creek was balanced by a relatively high loading of inorganic sediments from the watershed. Laboratory experiments indicated that sediments from Chedoke Creek released up to 10 µg/g of soluble phosphorus per gram (dry weight) of sediment, compared with only 2 µg/g from Spencer Creek. By contrast, sediment samples from Spencer Creek contained levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon that were as high as or higher than those from Chedoke Creek, and much higher than those found in Borer’s Creek. The distribution of normalized PAH concentrations suggests a common source of PAHs in all three tributaries, most likely automobile exhaust, since there were high concentrations of fluoranthene and pyrene, both of which are derivatives of engine combustion.

Problems and practical experiences during refilling of the Kerspe-Talsperre under unfavourable climatic conditions

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Nienhüser ◽  
P. Braches
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Oxygen Deficit ◽  
Light Limitation ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Artificial Mixing ◽  
Poor Water Quality ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Practical Experiences

Refilling of the Kerspe-Talsperre reservoir after restoration of the dam caused severe problems in water quality and supply due to a long-lasting ice-cover period and minimal precipitation. Unusually short spring overturn, high algal mass in spring and certainly the overflooding of the sediment, which had not been removed, caused a tremendous oxygen deficit in early summer. The whole hypolimnion turned anoxic and even in the metalimnion oxygen declined to a minimum. Manganese and iron reached high concentrations. Despite the poor water quality, raw water was urgently needed for the water supply and was pumped from the epilimnion during the clear water phase and in July when algal biomass was low. In the middle of August holomixis was induced artificially in order to improve water quality. The decline in algal production during and after artificial mixing was probably caused by light limitation of the algae.

scholarly journals Effects of Dispersants and Biosurfactants on Crude-Oil Biodegradation and Bacterial Community Succession

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1200
Author(s):  
Gareth E. Thomas ◽  
Jan L. Brant ◽  
Pablo Campo ◽  
Dave R. Clark ◽  
Frederic Coulon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Niche Partitioning ◽  
Hydrocarbon Biodegradation ◽  
Hydrocarbonoclastic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Response ◽  
Oil Biodegradation ◽  
Interfacial Surface ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Oil Spill Response

This study evaluated the effects of three commercial dispersants (Finasol OSR 52, Slickgone NS, Superdispersant 25) and three biosurfactants (rhamnolipid, trehalolipid, sophorolipid) in crude-oil seawater microcosms. We analysed the crucial early bacterial response (1 and 3 days). In contrast, most analyses miss this key period and instead focus on later time points after oil and dispersant addition. By focusing on the early stage, we show that dispersants and biosurfactants, which reduce the interfacial surface tension of oil and water, significantly increase the abundance of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria, and the rate of hydrocarbon biodegradation, within 24 h. A succession of obligate hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria (OHCB), driven by metabolite niche partitioning, is demonstrated. Importantly, this succession has revealed how the OHCB Oleispira, hitherto considered to be a psychrophile, can dominate in the early stages of oil-spill response (1 and 3 days), outcompeting all other OHCB, at the relatively high temperature of 16 °C. Additionally, we demonstrate how some dispersants or biosurfactants can select for specific bacterial genera, especially the biosurfactant rhamnolipid, which appears to provide an advantageous compatibility with Pseudomonas, a genus in which some species synthesize rhamnolipid in the presence of hydrocarbons.

scholarly journals Environmental DNA preserved in marine sediment for detecting jellyfish blooms after a tsunami

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mizuki Ogata ◽  
Reiji Masuda ◽  
Hiroya Harino ◽  
Masayuki K. Sakata ◽  
Makoto Hatakeyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Sediment ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Tank Experiment ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
One Year

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) can be a powerful tool for detecting the distribution and abundance of target species. This study aimed to test the longevity of eDNA in marine sediment through a tank experiment and to use this information to reconstruct past faunal occurrence. In the tank experiment, juvenile jack mackerel (Trachurus japonicus) were kept in flow-through tanks with marine sediment for two weeks. Water and sediment samples from the tanks were collected after the removal of fish. In the field trial, sediment cores were collected in Moune Bay, northeast Japan, where unusual blooms of jellyfish (Aurelia sp.) occurred after a tsunami. The samples were analyzed by layers to detect the eDNA of jellyfish. The tank experiment revealed that after fish were removed, eDNA was not present in the water the next day, or subsequently, whereas eDNA was detectable in the sediment for 12 months. In the sediment core samples, jellyfish eDNA was detected at high concentrations above the layer with the highest content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, reflecting tsunami-induced oil spills. Thus, marine sediment eDNA preserves a record of target species for at least one year and can be used to reconstruct past faunal occurrence.

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