Comparison of tobacco use in a university town and a nearby urban area in China by intensive analysis of wastewater over one year period

The descriptive research examines the effects of educational media on children’s language development . It aims to answer the following questions; a) To what extend does the educational media influences the children’s language development? b) Do parents interact with their children during co-viewing ? Since many of the children in this era are exposed to educational media programs/apps/ games at a very young age, it is important for the researcher to find out the extend educational media influences children’s language development and do parents co-view and interact with the children. Five parents with children from age one year of age to pre-school were interviewed face to face. The research is carried out at Seberang Perai Urban Area targeting parents who send their children to middle income kindergartens. Face to face interviews were carried out to find out to what extend educational media influences on children’s language development and to find out whether parents co-view and interact with their children. Upon completion of the data collection , the results will be used to determine the positive and negative part of educational media on children’s language development and how parents co-view and interactions can benefit them.

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New Educational Urban Area, University Town

The New Urban Area Development ◽

10.1007/978-3-662-44958-5_47 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 351-354

Author(s):

Zisheng Shao

Keyword(s):

Urban Area ◽

University Town

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Menstruation: gap in knowledge, belief and practice among adolescent girls in an urban area of Belagavi

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20174225 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (10) ◽

pp. 3640

Author(s):

Suhasini Kanyadi ◽

Chandra S. Metgud

Keyword(s):

Urban Area ◽

Adolescent Girls ◽

External Genitalia ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Transition Into Adulthood ◽

The Mean ◽

Sanitary Pads ◽

One Year

Background: The period of adolescence, beginning with the onset of puberty, is a crucial transition into adulthood. There is a substantial lacuna in the knowledge, belief and practice about menstruation. This study addresses the gap in knowledge, belief and practice regarding menstruation among adolescent girls. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted over a period of one year, in an urban area of Belagavi among 625 adolescent girls in the age group of 16–19 years. Data was collected by house to house visit using a predesigned, pretested questionnaire. Results: The mean age (±SD) at menarche was found to be 12.8±1.73 years. Our study showed that as the knowledge increased, there was increase in the use of sanitary pad (p<0.001) and increase in the number of girls practicing cleaning of external genitalia during menstruation (p<0.01). However, it was found that 276 (50.5%) and 175 (37.7%) of the girls did not use sanitary pads and practice cleaning of external genitalia during menstruation even after having correct knowledge showing a gap in knowledge and practice. Similarly, among the 494 girls who knew that menstruation is a natural process, 93 (18.8%) girls wrongly believed she shouldn’t sleep in the same place as usual, 124 (25.1%) said she shouldn’t enter the kitchen, 186 (37.7%) believed that certain foods should be avoided and only 37 (7.5%) rightly believed that girls could go to place of worship during menstruation showing a gap in knowledge and belief. Conclusions: The study reported a gap in knowledge, belief and practice among adolescent girls. To bridge this gap causes have to be identified and addressed.

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PATTERN OF TICK SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF A FRAGMENT OF FOREST IN AN URBAN AREA, THROUGH A SURVEY BY CO2 TRAP

Arquivos do Instituto Biológico ◽

10.1590/1808-1657v76p4612009 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 76 (3) ◽

pp. 461-464

Author(s):

A.F.S.F. Rodrigues ◽

C.M.O. Monteiro ◽

L.S. Rosa ◽

L. Dabés

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Urban Area ◽

Spotted Fever ◽

Amblyomma Cajennense ◽

Aggregate Distribution ◽

Brazilian Spotted Fever ◽

One Year ◽

Wild Hosts

ABSTRACT The study of the ixodofauna in fragments of woods in an urban area is important to the knowledge of species of tick and the dynamic among wild and domestic hosts, allowing to subsidize proposals for the conservation of the fauna and the control of zoonoses such as Brazilian spotted fever. To accomplish the survey, CO2 traps were built up in six different sites of the forest, during a oneyear period, totalizing 12 collections. The ixodids were collected by monitoring the traps and the adjacent vegetation during two hours and put in ethanol 70° GL. At the laboratory they were identified under the stereoscopic optics. At the end of a one-year period of study 2.122 ixodids were colleted, being 793 larvae (37,3%) and 1.277 nymphs (57,8%) of the genus Amblyomma and 102 were adults (4,9%) of the Amblyomma species. The most constant species was Amblyomma cajennense, present in 83,33% of the collections (71 specimen) followed by Amblyomma dubitatum, present in 50% (30 specimen), and Amblyomma calcaratum, 8,33% (one specimen). The observations showed that in the observed environment the populations of Ixodidae have an aggregate distribution, possibly because of the aggregate distribution of the resource, in the case wild hosts.

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TOBACCO USE AND BODY MASS INDEX AMONG ADULT POPULATION IN SELECTED URBAN AREA OF AGARTALA CITY- A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences ◽

10.14260/jemds/2018/114 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (04) ◽

pp. 510-514

Author(s):

Shyamal Roy ◽

Taranga Reang ◽

Aman Kumar

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Urban Area ◽

Body Mass ◽

Tobacco Use ◽

Adult Population ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

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Determinants of Tobacco Use in a Selected Urban Area of Bangladesh

Bangladesh Medical Journal ◽

10.3329/bmj.v38i2.3573 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 48-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gias Uddin ◽

Md Mizanur Rahman ◽

Syed Md Akram Hussain

Keyword(s):

Urban Area ◽

Tobacco Use ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Tobacco Consumption ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Middle Income ◽

Factors Affecting

Tobacco consumption is harmful to health, and is one of the main causes of death in worldwide. It is evident that the prevalence of tobacco consumption is raising in most of low and middle income countries. Considering this, a cross sectional study was conducted in a selected urban area of southern Bangladesh with a view to assessing the prevalence of tobacco consumption and factors affecting the use of tobacco use. Multistage cluster sampling technique was adopted to select the urban ward and the respondents were selected systematically. A total of 399 respondents were interviewed face to face using a semi-structured interview schedule. Analysis shows that 30% of the population of aged 18 years above were currently using tobacco of any form. The mean age of starting tobacco use was 18.8 years. The most frequent form of tobacco use was smoking cigarette followed by Zarda with betal quid. Multivariate analysis revealed that illiterate respondents were 3.3 times more tobacco users than their educated counterparts. It was also higher among the Muslims (OR=4.979; 95% CI=1.255-19.754). Tobacco use was also high among the labourer (OR=8.541; 95% CI=2.422-30.120) and businessmen (OR=7.727, 95% CI=2.501-23.875). However, no statistically significant association was found between current tobacco use and age, sex, housing condition and knowledge on tobacco use (p>0.05). The finding of this study suggests that as tobacco use is more prevalent among the poor and illiterate segment of the population, strong implementation of anti-tobacco legislation is warranted. DOI: 10.3329/bmj.v38i2.3573 Bangladesh Medical Journal 38(2) 2009 48-52

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Immature culicidae (Diptera) collected from the Igapó lake located in the urban area of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology ◽

10.1590/s1516-89132002000600010 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 465-471 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

José Lopes ◽

João A. C. Zequi ◽

Valdecir Nunes ◽

Osmar de Oliveira ◽

Bertolino P. de O. Neto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Population Density ◽

Population Growth ◽

Urban Area ◽

Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽

Human Life ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Mosquito Population ◽

One Year ◽

And Control

The Igapó lake dam is located in an urban area in Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. A one year study of the Culicidae immature forms was conducted in this ecosystem. From a total of 962 collected larvae following genera were identified: Anopheles (59.36%), Culex (19.65%) Aedeomyia (19.23%) Aedes (1.50%), and Uranotaenia (0.10%). The 10 most abundant species were Anopheles strodei, Aedeomyia squamipennis, Culex (Melanoconium) spp., Culex mollis, Anopheles oswaldoi, Anopheles evansae, Culex coronator, Culex quinquefasciatus, Anopheles argyritarsis and Aedes terrens respectively. An. strodei prevailed with greater averages during July and September, showing a significant negative lineal correlation in relation to the rainfall. Ad. squamipennis showed a positive lineal correlation with the temperature with smaller population averages during June, August and September of 1997. Cx. (Melanoconium) spp. populations were constant throughout the year. High Culicidae population density could bring problems to quality of human life, thus strong measures to avoid and control of mosquito population growth in the lake are recommended.

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