Pharmacokinetic studies with a vaginal delivery system releasing levonorgestrel at a near zero order rate for one year

The PROPESS, a controlled-release dinoprostone vaginal delivery system, is a pharmacological cervical ripening intervention and promotes cervical change causing uterine contraction. During insertion of the PROPESS, uterine hyperstimulation could occur and result in fetal heart rate (FHR) abnormality. We report a case of uterine hyperstimulation accompanied with FHR abnormality caused by the PROPESS in a pregnant woman. Postural change, oxygenation, fluid infusion, and the immediate PROPESS removal were ineffective to address the adverse event, so we administered nitroglycerin for acute uterine relaxation. The nitroglycerin resulted in uterine relaxation, and the FHR abnormality was resolved immediately, thereby preventing an emergency cesarean section. Therefore, nitroglycerin could be considered an effective option for uterine hyperstimulation accompanied with FHR abnormality caused by the PROPESS.

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Nitrogen removal characteristics of nitrification and denitrification filters

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1994.0786 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (10-11) ◽

pp. 409-416 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

F. Çeçen ◽

I. E. Gönenç

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Removal ◽

Rate Constants ◽

Order Rate Constant ◽

Zero Order ◽

Ammonia Removal ◽

Nitrite Accumulation ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Order Rate ◽

In Series ◽

Nitrification And Denitrification

The kinetics of nitrogen removal was studied in upflow submerged nitrification and denitrification filters in series. Nitrification followed first-, half-, and zero-order kinetics. For the half-order range the half-order rate constant was about 0.9gNH4-N1/2m−1/2d−1. The zero-order rate constants for the DO ranges of 2-3 mg/L and 4-5 mg/L were found as 0.47 gNH4-Nm−2d−1 and 1.82 gNH4-Nm−2d−1, respectively. In the zero-order region ammonia removal proceeded as a half-order reaction in oxygen concentration and the half-order rate constants were about 1.4-2.7 gO21/2m−1/2d−1. Nitrite accumulation reached a considerable degree at bulk oxygen to bulk ammonia ratios lower than 5 since the formation of nitrate was inhibited. Similar to nitrification half- and zero-order kinetic regions were also observed in denitrification. The half- and zero-order rate constants for carbon unlimited cases (influent COD/NOx-N>5) were about 0.23 gNOx-N1/2m−1/2d−1 and 1.9 gNOx-Nm−2d−1, respectively. The nitrite produced in the nitrification stage could be reduced in denitrification. The removal kinetics in the presence of nitrite was found to be similar to the kinetics when the influent consisted of nitrate only.

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Relationship between painless delivery and postpartum depression: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-135960/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nobuhiro Suzumori ◽

Takeshi Ebara ◽

Hazuki Tamada ◽

Taro Matsuki ◽

Hirotaka Sato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Postpartum Depression ◽

Cesarean Section ◽

Epidural Analgesia ◽

Vaginal Delivery ◽

Mode Of Delivery ◽

First Trimester ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

One Year ◽

Spinal Epidural ◽

Paracervical Block

Abstract Background Postpartum depression is one of the most commonly experienced psychological disorders for women after childbirth, usually occurring within one year. This study aimed to clarify whether women with painless delivery, including epidural analgesia, spinal-epidural analgesia, and paracervical block, had a decreased risk of postpartum depression after giving birth in Japan. Methods The Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS) was a prospective cohort study that enrolled registered fetal records (n = 104,065) in 15 regions nationwide in Japan. Binomial logistic regression analyses were performed to calculate the adjusted odd ratios (aORs) for the association between mode of delivery with or without analgesia and postpartum depression at one-, six- and twelve-months after childbirth. Results At six months after childbirth, painless vaginal delivery was associated with a higher risk of postpartum depression (aOR: 1.218, 95% confidence interval: 1.067–1.391), compared with vaginal delivery without analgesia or cesarean section. Nevertheless, the risk disappeared one year after delivery. Among the pregnant women who requested painless delivery, 5.1% had a positive Kessler-6 scale (K6) score for depression before the first trimester (p < 0.0001), which was significantly higher than the proportions in the vaginal delivery without analgesia (3.5%) and cesarean delivery (3.5%) groups. Conclusions Our data suggested that the risk of postpartum depression at six months after childbirth tended to be increased after painless vaginal delivery, compared with vaginal delivery without analgesia or cesarean section. Requests for painless delivery continue to be relatively uncommon in Japan, and women who make such requests might be more likely to experience postpartum depressive symptoms because of underlying personality characteristics, including a tendency to worry.

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PHA-Based Thermogel as a Controlled Zero-Order Chemotherapeutic Delivery System for the Effective Treatment of Melanoma

ACS Applied Bio Materials ◽

10.1021/acsabm.9b00467 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (8) ◽

pp. 3591-3600 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Lu Jiang ◽

Zheng Luo ◽

Xian Jun Loh ◽

Yun-Long Wu ◽

Zibiao Li

Keyword(s):

Effective Treatment ◽

Delivery System ◽

Zero Order ◽

Chemotherapeutic Delivery

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Induction of labour and its feto-maternal outcome

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20193037 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 2748

Author(s):

Mridu Sinha ◽

Shashi Bala Arya ◽

Shashi Saxena ◽

Nitant Sood

Keyword(s):

Vaginal Delivery ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Post Partum ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Relative Effect ◽

Induction Of Labour ◽

Labour Induction ◽

Time Period ◽

Increased Risk ◽

One Year

Background: Induction of labour is an iatrogenic deliberate attempt to terminate the pregnancy in order to achieve vaginal delivery in cases of valid indication. It should be carefully supervised as it is a challenge to the clinician, mother and the fetus. Aim of this study was to find out common indications for IOL in a tertiary care teaching centre and its feto-maternal outcome.Methods: An institutional based retrospective observational study was conducted to describe the prevalence of labour induction and factors associated with its outcome, during the time-period of one year from January 2018 to December 2018, at SRMS IMS, Bareilly. Logistic regression analysis was employed to assess the relative effect of determinants and statistical tests were used to see the associations.Results: Most of the patients were primigravidas of younger age-group. Idiopathic oligohydramnios and postdatism were the commonest indications for induction of labour and Misoprost was the commonest drug used for it. Though majority had vaginal delivery, as the method was changed to combined method it was significantly associated with increased likelihood of LSCS. Similarly there was increased association with maternal cervico-vaginal tear / lacerations as the method was changed to combined type. However there were no association between post-partum hemorrhage, meconium stained liquor or fetal distress.Conclusions: Common indications for induction of labour were oligohydramnios and postdatism. Misoprost can be safely used for induction of labour without any increased risk for LSCS or any fetal / neonatal risks.

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Development and in vitro evaluation of a mucoadhesive vaginal delivery system for progesterone

Journal of Controlled Release ◽

10.1016/s0168-3659(01)00520-x ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 77 (3) ◽

pp. 323-332 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

Claudia Valenta ◽

Constantia E Kast ◽

Irene Harich ◽

Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch

Keyword(s):

Vaginal Delivery ◽

Delivery System ◽

In Vitro Evaluation

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Development and In Vitro Evaluation of a Mucoadhesive Vaginal Delivery System for Nystatin

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.1002/jps.21457 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 98 (2) ◽

pp. 555-564 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Juliane Hombach ◽

Thomas F. Palmberger ◽

Andreas Bernkop‐Schnürch

Keyword(s):

Vaginal Delivery ◽

Delivery System ◽

In Vitro Evaluation

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Hydrothermal Transformation of Inorganic and Biogenic Silica as Studied Using in Situ Hydrothermal Infrared Microspectroscopy

Applied Spectroscopy ◽

10.1177/0003702818771817 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 72 (10) ◽

pp. 1487-1497

Author(s):

Naoto Morifuji ◽

Satoru Nakashima

Keyword(s):

Activation Energy ◽

Rate Constants ◽

Biogenic Silica ◽

Zero Order ◽

Silica Gels ◽

Dissolution Rates ◽

First Order ◽

Order Rate ◽

Hydrothermal Transformation

Infrared (IR) spectral changes with time of biogenic and inorganic silica have been examined using in situ IR micro-spectroscopy by using an original hydrothermal diamond cell. Centric diatoms (diameters = 100–350 µm) and silica gels (C-300, Wako Chemicals) were heated at 125–185 ℃ range with a pressure of 3 MPa. Decreases of 950 cm−1 (Si–OH) peak heights could be fitted by a combination of exponential and linear decreases (y = A1 exp (−k1t) − k0 t + A0). The first-order rate constants k1 [s−1] for Si–OH decreases of diatoms and silica gels are similar but the activation energy was lower for diatoms (61 kJċmol−1 < 106 kJċmol−1). The first-order rate constants k1 [s−1] for Si–OH decreases of diatoms and silica gels are much faster than reported hydrothermal transformation rates of silica (Opal A to Opal CT and Opal CT to quartz). These results indicate that the exponential Si–OH decreases observed in biogenic and inorganic silica during hydrothermal reactions are considered to correspond to dehydration–condensation reactions in the amorphous states (Si–OH + HO–Si → Si–O–Si). In fact, band area ratios 1220 cm−1/1120 cm−1 increased exponentially indicating more bridging of Si–O–Si. On the other hand, the linear decreases of Si–OH of silica gels (k0 [s−1]) were considered to be due to dissolution of silica. By using the grain size and density of silica gels, the zero-order dissolution rate constants k0* [molċm−2ċs−1] were calculated from k0 [s−1]. The obtained dissolution rates k0* are larger than reported values for silica glass and quartz. The zero-order dissolution rates k0 [s−1] for diatoms are similar to those for silica gels but with a lower activation energy (32 kJċmol−1 < 60 kJċmol−1). The smaller activation energy values for diatoms than silica gels both for the first and zero-order decrease rates of Si–OH might indicate catalytic effects of organic components bound to biogenic silica for the dehydration–condensation reaction and dissolution. The present in situ hydrothermal IR micro-spectroscopy is useful for characterizing transformation of amorphous materials including inorganic–organic composites.

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