Failure to detect crystalline brushite in embryonic chick and bovine bone by X-ray diffraction

Bovine bone is a considerable source for the production of hydroxyapatite. The recent study reported a novel method to extract hydroxyapatite from bovine bone without producing hazardous residue. The bovine bones were cut and boiled in the opened chamber followed by boiling in pressurized tank. The bones were then soaked into 95% ethanol. Calcination was then conducted in 800°C, 900°C and 1,000°C, for 2 hours. The result was then grinded and sieved. The powder then was characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) to measure the purity of hydroxyapatite. It is concluded that the hydroxyapatite derived from this process showed 100% purity, resulting 35.34 ± 0.39% w/w from the wet bone weight and 72.3% w/w from the dried weight. The present extraction method has been proven to yield high amount of pure hydroxyapatite as well as reducing the use of hazardous reagent.

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Bovine Bone Processing for Biofilter Application

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.727-728.727 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 727-728 ◽

pp. 727-730 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Omayra Ferreiro ◽

Fatima Yubero ◽

Roseli Marins Balestra ◽

Marize Varella ◽

Magna Monteiro

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Grain Size ◽

Sorption Capacity ◽

Organic Material ◽

Bovine Bone ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Bone Powder ◽

Synthetic Hydroxyapatite ◽

Powder Phase

This work involves the processing of bovine bone for use as biofilter collector of heavy metals in water. Before processing, it was necessary to clean the bone selected for removing the organic material adhered thereto. Drying was done in weathered during 18 days. Then the bones were calcined at a constant temperature of 750°C for 6 hour. The bone grinding was performed by means of an analytical mill in order to obtain a finer grain size. Once processed, the bovine bone powder was characterized by X-ray diffraction and fluorescence analyses. The results showed that the powder phase is less crystalline hydroxyapatite, when compared to highly crystalline synthetic hydroxyapatite, which favors the sorption capacity of lead by bovine bone.

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Can Inorganic Bovine Bone Grafts Present Distinct Properties?

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440201300067 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 282-288 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Fernanda de Paula do Desterro ◽

Márcia Soares Sader ◽

Glória Dulce de Almeida Soares ◽

Guaracilei Maciel Vidigal Jr

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

Calcium Release ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Nanoporous Structure ◽

Bovine Bone ◽

Ftir Analysis ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Absorption Bands ◽

X Ray

The aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of 3 mineralized bovine inorganic biomaterials and correlate them with the dissolution rate. Bio-Oss(r), GenoxInorgânico(r), and Bonefill(r) were examined using field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), specific surface area (BET), calcium/phosphorous molar ratio and a dissolution assay. Bio-Oss(r) showed a micro- and nanoporous structure consisting of 15-nm hydroxyapatite (HA) crystallites; Genox(r), a microporous structure composed of 39-nm HA crystallites; and Bonefill(r), micro- and nanoporous structure of indeterminable crystallite size. FTIR analysis showed that Bio-Oss(r) and Genox(r) were composed of calcium phosphate. The absorption bands of phosphate were poorly defined in Bonefill(r). By XRD, Bio-Oss(r) was shown to contain peaks related to the carbonated HA, whereas Genox(r) only contained peaks corresponding to HA. The broad bands in Bonefill(r) indicated low crystallinity. Bio-Oss(r) showed a greater surface area and calcium release rate than that of Genox(r). Although all biomaterials were of bovine origin, the different manufacturing processes result in materials with different physicochemical properties and may influence the biological and clinical response.

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A NOVEL METHOD TO SYNTHESIS OF β-TCP/HA BIPHASIC NANOCRYSTALLINE POWDER BY USING BOVINE BONE

International Journal of Modern Physics B ◽

10.1142/s0217979210055329 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 24 (17) ◽

pp. 3365-3372 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

F. TAVANGARIAN ◽

R. EMADI ◽

S. I. ROOHANI ESFAHANI

Keyword(s):

Diffraction Method ◽

Nanocrystalline Powder ◽

Bovine Bone ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Prepared Powder ◽

X Ray ◽

Phosphate Dihydrate ◽

Economic Process ◽

Crystallite Sizes ◽

Novel Method

Nanocrystalline biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) powder was synthesized from natural bovine bone via a very economic process. The bovine bone was annealed at 900°C for 2 h and elemental compositions were qualitatively identified by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The calcined bovine bone was powdered and mixed with calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate ( CaHPO 4·2 H 2 O , DCPD). After that, the prepared powder was uniaxially pressed into pellets. The pellets were annealed at 900–1200°C and then crushed to obtain nanocrystalline BCP powder. The morphology and microstructure of the BCP powder were studied by SEM. The results showed that the prepared powder consisted of small size and highly agglomerated particles. X-ray diffraction method was utilized to characterize the phase formation and crystallite size of prepared powder. The crystallite sizes of BCP powder calculated by using XRD data were in the range of 20–60 nm.

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Sintering Effect on Mechanical Properties of Composites Made of Bovine Hydroxyapatite (BHA) and Commercial Inert Glass (CIG)

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.330-332.189 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 330-332 ◽

pp. 189-192 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

S. Salman ◽

Faik N. Oktar ◽

Oguzhan Gunduz ◽

Simeon Agathopoulos ◽

M. Lutfy Öveçoğlu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Compression Strength ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Bovine Bone ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Time Saving ◽

X Ray ◽

Ecological Aspects ◽

Bovine Hydroxyapatite ◽

Potential Use ◽

Properties Of Composites

Composite biomaterials of calcinated bovine bone derived hydroxyapatite (HA) doped with 5 and 10 wt% commercial inert glass (CIG) were prepared by sintering. The production of HA from natural sources satisfies economic and time-saving aims, while the use of CIGs is directed by economic and ecological aspects. The produced composites were subjected to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis. Measurements of compression strength, microhardness, and density were also carried out. The experimental results and their discussion showed that the type and the composition of incorporated glass are of crucial importance. Consequently, provided that an optimum amount of glass is incorporated, the resultant materials can exhibit good values of compression strength and microhardness and hence they can be suggested for potential use in load-bearing biomedical applications.

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A Comparison of Osteoblast Cell Proliferation and Osteocalcin Expression in Cuttlefish Bone and Bovine Bone Xenograft

Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences ◽

10.21705/mcbs.v3i2.58 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 75 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Komang Agung Irianto ◽

Ameria Pribadi ◽

Ilham Abdullah Irsyam ◽

Yudhistira Pradnyan Kloping ◽

Oen Sindrawati

Keyword(s):

Cell Proliferation ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

Bovine Bone ◽

Osteoblast Cell ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Good Potential ◽

Fouriertransform Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

And Control ◽

Made In

Background: Cuttlefish bone Xenograft, calcium phosphate (CaP)-based biomaterial graft, offers an alternative and has been accepted for osteoconductive and probable osteo-inductive attributes. This study aims to compare the bone healing potential between the bovine-derived (BHA) and cuttlefish bone-derived (CHA).Materials and Methods: The study compared osteoblast cell proliferation of 27 New Zealand rabbits in 2.5 mm bone defect made in the femoral bone. The samples were divided into three groups, which were control, BHA and CHA group. The chemical and physical characteristics of BHA and CHA were determined for the content of hydroxyapatite by FourierTransform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), then tested by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to evaluate the porosity. In the end of the second week, histopathologic and immunohistochemistry examinations were performed to evaluate the amount of osteoblast and osteocalcin expression.Results: The FTIR, XRD and SEM analysis showed both BHA and CHA samples were hydroxyapatite according to Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS). The CHA was significantly higher (297.22±19.772) compared to BHA (258.22±30.926) and control (131.67±34.213). Osteocalcin expression in CHA (7.82±2.230) compared to BHA (6.09±3.724) and control (4.07±3.606), was not significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: CHA group has the highest osteoblast cell proliferation and osteocalcin expression, meaning has a good potential as future source of bone graft.Keywords: cuttlefish bone, bovine, bone graft, osteoblast cell

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Benefeciation of Derived Bovine Bone Waste Hydroxyapatite Obtained from Meatballs Sellers and its Characterization

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1123.155 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1123 ◽

pp. 155-159 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dwi Asmi

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Bovine Bone ◽

Phase Content ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Content Type ◽

X Ray ◽

Carbonate Ions ◽

Morphologic Characteristics ◽

Thermal Stability Of ◽

Scanning Electron

In this study, bovine bone waste obtained from meatballs sellers was utilized as novel alternative bioresource of hydroxyapatite (HA). The femur bovine bone waste in bulk form was initially deproteinized using HCl and NaOH and then followed by calcination at 500 °C and 800 °C for 5 h to obtained HA powder. The thermal stability of HA powder was monitored using simultaneous thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The TG/DTA result shows that the combustion of the organic component of bone, especially of collagen occured at temperature range of 174-550 °C. The phase content, type of bond present, and morphology of calcined HA powder were conducted using x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) respectively. The crystallinity of the HA sample shows increase with increasing of the temperature calcination. The characteristic of bands of HA and additionally peaks of carbonate ions were observed in the FTIR results and the morphologic characteristics of the HA particles shows the material is a homogeneous powder.

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Karakterisasi Material Biokomposit Bovine Hidroksapatit (BHA)/Shellac dan Kitosan Sebagai Material Bone Filler

ROTASI ◽

10.14710/rotasi.19.2.82-87 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 82

Author(s):

Junaidi Rasid ◽

Joko Triyono ◽

Teguh Triyono

Keyword(s):

Bovine Bone ◽

Test Results ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Calcination Process ◽

X Ray ◽

Medical Needs ◽

Bone Filler ◽

Bone Powder ◽

Bovine Hydroxyapatite ◽

Scanning Electron

Development of composite materials is growing rapidly to support medical needs. Biocomposite was made from bovine bone powder/shellac/chitosan for bone filler applications. Biocomposite of BHA(Bovine Hydroxyapatite)/shellac/chitosan was derived of bovine bone powder coated with shellac 10 ml. Mixed variation between BHA/shellac and chitosan i.e 30:40, 40:60, 50:50, 60:40, 70:30 %wt were synthesized by dry method. Samples of BHA/shellac/chitosan were compacted with the pressure 60 bar until becomes solid with the cylinder mold 13 mm and 8 mm in thickness, the calcination process on temperature of 900ºC for 2 hours and increased temperature is 10ºC/min. Test XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), Microvickers, DTS (Diametric Tensile Strength) and SEM (Scanning Electron Microschopy), Density, and Porosity. XRD test results showed that bovine powder has become BHA (Bovine Hydroxyapatite), microvickers test of sample BHA/shellac/chitosan for maximum was 7.47 ± 0.685 VHN and 0.182 ± 3.73 VHN for minimum, DTS test of sample BHA/shellac/chitosan maximum at 36.66 ± 9.01 KPa and minimum at 13.90 ± 1.24 KPa. Porous observations with SEM toward sample BHA/shellac/chitosan porous size and number of samples contained at BHA/shellac/chitosan is 70:30 wt%. Density test with highest value was 1,168gr/cm3, and lowest 1,070 gr/cm3. Highest porosity value at variation 50/50 %wt = 0,988%, and the lowest at 70/30 %wt = 0,977%

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DEVELOPMENT OF FEATHER KERATIN DURING EMBRYOGENESIS OF THE CHICK

The Journal of Cell Biology ◽

10.1083/jcb.16.2.215 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 215-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Eugene Bell ◽

Y. T. Thathachari

Keyword(s):

Lipid Extraction ◽

Embryonic Chick ◽

Tissue Architecture ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Adult Pattern ◽

Equatorial Reflection ◽

Cross Links ◽

Meridional Reflection ◽

Basic Features

The development of keratin in 9 to 17 day embryonic chick feathers has been studied by x-ray diffraction and cytochemical methods. The x-ray diffraction pattern given by the 9-day feathers contains none of the features seen in the adult pattern. In the 10 to 11 day patterns, besides two diffuse rings centered at 4.7 A and 10 A, two sharp, rather weak rings are seen at 35 A and 4.2 A with slight preferred orientations about the equator and the meridian, respectively. At 12 days, in addition to the foregoing, a sharp intense equatorial reflection at ∼56 A is observed. On treatment with lipid solvents, the 35 A ring is removed; prolonged extraction removes the 4.2 A ring, while blurring the 56 A reflection and enhancing the central low angle scatter. The 14-day pattern shows, besides all the features seen in the earlier patterns, a 23 A meridional reflection and other meridional and near meridional reflections. All the basic features of the adult pattern are seen at this stage and remain essentially intact on lipid extraction. Beyond 14 days, the pattern remains essentially the same, only improving in clarity and detail. The 4.2 A ring seen in the 10 to 15 day pattern is scarcely detectable in the 16-day pattern. Cytochemical evidence indicates that extensive —S—S bond formation occurs between the 13th and 14th days. It is suggested that lipids serve as a framework for the developing keratin structure which acquires permanent stability through hydrogen bonds and disulfide cross-links. The relation between keratin synthesis and tissue architecture as well as cytodifferentiation is discussed.

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Sintering Effects on Mechanical Properties of Hydroxyapatite-Titanium Dioxide (HA-TiO2) Composites

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.309-311.355 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 309-311 ◽

pp. 355-358 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Faik N. Oktar ◽

Onur Meydanoglu ◽

Gültekin Göller ◽

Simeon Agathopoulos ◽

G. Rocha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Titanium Dioxide ◽

Diffraction Analysis ◽

Compression Strength ◽

Bovine Bone ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Densification Behaviour ◽

Different Temperatures

Composites of bovine bone derived HA with 5 wt% and 10 wt% of TiO2 were sintered at different temperatures. Their characterization comprised measurements of density, microhardness, and compression strength together with SEM observations and X-ray diffraction analysis. Better densification behaviour was achieved at higher sintering temperatures. The highest microhardness value was measured in the samples sintered at 1300°C. The best compressive strengths of the samples containing 5% and 10% TiO2 were obtained after sintering at 1300°C and 1200°C, respectively.

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