Intention to have a second child among Chinese women one year after the implementation of selective two-child policy: a cross-sectional survey

IntroductionChina’s one-child policy was replaced by a new universal two-child policy in 2015; however, few studies have addressed the intent to have a second child and resulting related issues.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional study on 11 991 Chinese women, 18–49 years of age, from 11 provinces in 2016–2017, in order to assess the intent for a second child among Chinese women of childbearing age and other related factors after the introduction of China’s new universal two-child policy.ResultsWe found that the overall prevalence of the intent to have a second child was 39.4% and that economic, childrearing, and health barriers affected fertility intent. Multivariate logistic regression models showed that the age range of 25–39 years (aOR 1.28–1.30), living in Eastern (aOR 1.28, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.50) or Central China (aOR 1.52, 95% CI 1.27 to 1.78), living in a rural area (aOR 1.62, 95% CI 1.47 to 1.78), being a farmer (aOR 1.43, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.88), having a higher household income (aOR 1.13, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.28), having a history of abortion (aOR 1.18, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.31), and already having one child (aOR 3.65 for girls, aOR 2.70 for boys) were associated with a greater intent to have a second child (all p<0.05). Conversely, economic, health, childrearing, and educational barriers were associated with a lower intent to have a second child (aOR 0.65–0.75).ConclusionFour in ten women of childbearing age demonstrated an intent for a second child. We maintain that fertility-related factors be given full consideration when promoting the two-child policy.

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The second pregnancy has no effect in the incidence of macrosomia: a cross-sectional survey in two western Chinese regions

Journal of Health Population and Nutrition ◽

10.1186/s41043-021-00244-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Li Luo ◽

Huan Zeng ◽

Mao Zeng ◽

Xueqing Liu ◽

Xianglong Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Western China ◽

Fetal Macrosomia ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Second Child ◽

Child Policy ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background After the implementation of the universal two-child policy in China, the increase in parity has led to an increase in adverse pregnancy outcomes. The impact of one and two fetuses on the incidence of fetal macrosomia has not been fully confirmed in China. This study aimed to explore the differences in the incidence of fetal macrosomia in first and second pregnancies in Western China after the implementation of the universal two-child policy. Methods A total of 1598 pregnant women from three hospitals were investigated by means of a cross-sectional study from August 2017 to January 2018. Participants were recruited by convenience and divided into first and second pregnancy groups. These groups included 1094 primiparas and 504 women giving birth to their second child. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to discuss the differences in the incidence of fetal macrosomia in first and second pregnancies. Results No significant difference was found in the incidence of macrosomia in the first pregnancy group (7.2%) and the second pregnancy group (7.1%). In the second-time pregnant mothers, no significant association was found between the macrosomia of the second child (5.5%) and that of the first child (4.7%). The multivariate logistic regression model showed that mothers older than 30 years are not likely to give birth to children with macrosomia (odds ratio (OR) 0.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.4,0.9). Conclusions The incidence of macrosomia in Western China is might not be affected by the birth of the second child and is not increased by low parity.

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Attitudes, perceptions, and smoking behavior of university faculty and staff following the introduction of a comprehensive tobacco-free policy: a repeated cross-sectional survey in Lebanon

10.21203/rs.3.rs-20890/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Dina Farran ◽

Rima Nakkash ◽

Mahmoud Al-Hindi ◽

Maya Romani ◽

Martin John Owen Asser ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Educational Attainment ◽

Policy Implementation ◽

Eastern Mediterranean ◽

Smoking Behavior ◽

Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Faculty And Staff ◽

One Year ◽

Lower Educational Attainment

Abstract Background A growing body of research have evaluated the effect of university tobacco-free policies on faculty and staff, however, none of these studies has been carried out in the Eastern Mediterranean region. This study evaluates changes in faculty and staff attitudes, perceptions and smoking behavior, one year post-adoption of a tobacco-free policy in a medium-sized university in Lebanon and the region. Methods Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted in 2017 and 2018: pre- and one year post-policy implementation. A random sample of 625 and 624 participants took part in the 2017 and 2018 studies respectively. Results Faculty and staff had a positive attitude towards the policy at the two time points. The belief that there should be exceptions to the policy significantly decreased from 79% to 59% (p=0.002) among all smokers, particularly those with lower educational attainment (81% to 57%, p=0.007). Perception of compliance among peer smokers increased from 73% to 87% (p= 0.009). The proportion of smokers did not significantly change one year post-policy implementation, however, 44% of smokers with lower educational attainment, compared to only 7% of those with higher educational attainment (p< 0.001), reported a decrease in their smoking behavior outside campus. Conclusion The policy had a positive effect on the attitude, behavior and perception of policy benefits among smokers with lower educational attainment, who constitute the majority of smokers. Studies tackling the effectiveness of university or workplace smoke-free policies are scarce in the Middle East. Findings from this study inform and support future efforts to develop university and workplace tobacco free policies.

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Awareness of Contact Lens Related Ocular Complications among Opticians of Lahore

Pakistan Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.36351/pjo.v37i4.1262 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Ahmed Sohail ◽

Zain Ul Abideen ◽

Fatima Zahid ◽

Wahid Bakhsh

Keyword(s):

Contact Lens ◽

Contact Lenses ◽

Corneal Opacity ◽

Acanthamoeba Keratitis ◽

Bacterial Keratitis ◽

Age Group ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Ocular Complications ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

One Year

Purpose: To determine the awareness regarding contact lens related ocular complications among opticians of Lahore and to find out the relationship between the awareness and their educational qualification. Study Design: Cross sectional survey. Place and duration of Study: University of Lahore from April 2020- December 2020. Methods: This survey included opticians of different areas of Lahore, Pakistan. Two hundred and eleven opticians responded to a pre-tested, structured close ended questionnaire. Data comprised of demographics and contact lens selling experience. Information regarding awareness about contact lens related complications was also sought. The data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0. Results: A total of 211 opticians participated in the survey. All subjects were males. Fifty four (25.6%) subjects were from the age group of 15 to 30 years, 122 (57.8%) were from the age group of 31 to 45 and 35 (16.6%) were from the age group of 46 to 60 years. Only 4.7% had contact lens dispensing diploma. Thirty seven percent patients had contact lens selling experience of 2 to 10 years. Similar percentage had more than 10 years of experience. Ten percent had less than one year of experience. Only 54 participants out of 211 had knowledge about dry eye, 9 knew about Acanthamoeba keratitis and Bacterial keratitis and only 2 were aware of corneal opacity. Conclusion: Majority of the opticians of Lahore are unaware of the contact lenses related complications. Sale of cosmetic lenses for fashion purpose should be discouraged and banned if not prescribed by optometrist/ ophthalmologist. Key Words: Opticians, Contact lenses, Bacterial Keratitis.

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Delaying first pregnancy in reducing burden of unintended pregnancy among married adolescents in urban slums of Bangladesh

Journal of Health Research ◽

10.1108/jhr-05-2018-034 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 298-306 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fauzia Akhter Huda ◽

Anisuddin Ahmed ◽

Hassan R. Mahmood ◽

Faisal Ahmmed ◽

Alessio Panza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Unintended Pregnancy ◽

Adolescent Girls ◽

Design Methodology ◽

Educational Status ◽

Urban Slums ◽

Age Difference ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Content Type ◽

One Year

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the effect of delaying first pregnancy in reducing burden of unintended pregnancy (UP) among married adolescent girls in urban slums of Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach This cross-sectional survey was conducted among 783 married adolescents in five urban slums of Bangladesh during January 2013–January 2014. Findings Half of the respondents’ first pregnancy was reported as unintended. Of the respondents, 58 percent with no school education had experienced UP which was 38 percent among respondents with eight year’s education. Respondents who did not willingly agreed to their marriage experienced more UP (61 percent) than those who were agreed/got married by their own choice (51 percent). Respondents having five years of age difference with their husbands experienced more UP (58 percent) than those with ten years of age difference (46 percent). Respondents aged 14 years at first conception experienced 63 percent UP, while the respondents aged 18 years had 35 percent UP experience. Of the respondents, 66 percent who became pregnant within one year of marriage reported their pregnancy as unintended which was 29 percent among those who delayed their first pregnancy for three years. Originality/value Significant association was observed between pregnancy intention with respondents’ educational status (p=0.03), age difference with husbands (p=0.02), age at first conception (p<0.01) and delaying first pregnancy (p<0.001).

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Characteristics of TCM constitutions of adult Chinese women in Hong Kong and identification of related influencing factors: a cross-sectional survey

Journal of Translational Medicine ◽

10.1186/1479-5876-12-140 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 140 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Youzhi Sun ◽

Pei Liu ◽

Yi Zhao ◽

Lei Jia ◽

Yanhua He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

Influencing Factors ◽

Chinese Women ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional

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Depression among Indian Internet Addict Adolescents

Indian Journal of Youth and Adolescent Health ◽

10.24321/2349.2880.201917 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 06 (04) ◽

pp. 12-18

Author(s):

Ashish Verma ◽

Keyword(s):

Internet Addiction ◽

Severe Depression ◽

School Level ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adolescent Students ◽

Internet Users ◽

One Year ◽

Global Burden Of Diseases

Introduction: The revolution in technology has changed the entire environment. In this digital environment Internet is the basic action. Apart from the numerous advantages, Internet Addiction (IA) is emerging as a public health issue. The adolescents are at higher risk as their mental acumen is immature. At one point Internet addicts feel depressed. Adolescents with depression are at risk for increased recurrence of depression. Aims of the study is to find the prevalence of IA and to explore the relationship between IA and depression among Indian Adolescents. Research Methodology: A cross sectional survey was conducted on randomly selected 450 adolescent students aged between 10-18 yrs of urban schools of Lucknow in the period of one year. Internet Addiction Test (IAT) was applied to find the Internet addiction and PHQ9-A (PHQ9 modified for adolescents) was used to find the depresion. Result: In 351 Internet users 33.61% (118) were not addicted, while 66.38% (233) students fall in catogry of addiction. Among Internet addicts, mild, moderate, moderately severe and severe depression was found in 56.22% (131), 16.73% (39), 14.16% (33) and 4.29% (10), respectively. Depression is a major contributor to the global burden of diseases worldwide and is ranked as the second leading cause of disability. Our study clearly shows an indirect correlation between IA and depression. Thus, this is the high time to educate the students at school level regarding the optimal use of Internet through talks, handbills or booklet which shall also guard the incidence of depression among adolescents.

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Distribution and population dynamics of ticks (Acari : Ixodidae) infesting sheep in Sennar State, Sudan

Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research ◽

10.4102/ojvr.v74i4.116 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 74 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M.S. Mohammed ◽

S.M. Hassan

Keyword(s):

Seasonal Pattern ◽

Peak Activity ◽

Hyalomma Anatolicum ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hyalomma Anatolicum Anatolicum ◽

Boophilus Decoloratus ◽

Rhipicephalus Evertsi Evertsi ◽

Total Body ◽

One Year

A cross-sectional survey of ticks infesting sheep was conducted in Sennar State, Sudan. A total body collection of ticks was carried out at five localities Sennar town, Singa, Dinder, Abu Naama and Um Banein on two types of Desert sheep (Watish and Ashgar) on two farms at each locality at two monthly intervals for one year starting July 2002 to May 2003. Four tick genera and eight species were identified. They were Amblyomma lepidum, Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, Hyalomma truncatum, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus, Rhipicephalus camicasi, Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, Rhipicephalus guilhoni and Rhipicephalus muhsamae. A significant (P < 0.05) seasonal pattern of activity was observed for A. lepidum and R. guilhoni with peak activity occurring during rainy seasons. The highest mean number of ticks (7.26 + 0.58) was recorded at Abu Naama, while the lowest mean (3.61 + 0.31) was recorded in Sennar. Watish type sheep carried significantly (P < 0.05) more ticks than Ashgar type.

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