The uptake and synthesis of 19 amino acids by fresh or frozen–thawed
bovine blastocysts produced by parthenogenesis (PT) or
in vitro fertilization (IVF) were compared in the
present study. Fresh blastocysts, 180 h after IVF or PT activation, and
frozen–thawed blastocysts, 168 h old and cultured for 12 h post-thawing,
were cultured in synthetic oviduct fluid medium (SOFM) containing polyvinyl
alcohol (PVA) with both essential and non-essential amino acids (EAA and NEAA,
respectively) (Medium 1: M1) or SOFM containing PVA with only EAA (Medium 2:
M2). In Experiment 1, when fresh or frozen–thawed PT blastocysts were
cultured in M1, the uptake of glutamate (in fresh only), aspartate and
arginine, and the synthesis of glutamine and alanine were significantly
enhanced. In the culture with M2, serine, asparagine, glutamate, glutamine,
glycine, arginine and alanine were significantly taken up. It was found that
the glutamine concentrations was significantly higher (P
< 0.001) in the culture medium drops containing embryos than in the drops
without embryos. In Experiment 2, when PT blastocysts were cultured in M1, the
uptake of aspartate and synthesis of alanine were greater
(P < 0.01) than those by IVF blastocysts. When M2 was
used, a significant (P < 0.01) production of serine,
asparagine, glutamate, glutamine and alanine, and the uptake of arginine by PT
blastocysts were observed. In Experiment 3, when IVF blastocysts were cultured
in M1, fresh blastocysts depleted more aspartate and glutamate, and produced
more glutamine and alanine than frozen–thawed blastocysts. When cultured
in M2, frozen–thawed blastocysts depleted more threonine
(P < 0.01) than fresh blastocysts. These results
indicate that the uptake and synthesis of amino acids were different in fresh
or frozen–thawed bovine blastocysts derived from PT or IVF. These
differences in amino acid metabolism may be related to the viability of the
blastocysts.