Comparative effects of equivalent intakes of 18:3 (n-3) and of marine (n-3) fatty acids on rat cardiac phospholipid contents and fatty acid compositions

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Javouhey ◽  
Gérard Rocquelin ◽  
Luc Rochette ◽  
Pierre Juanéda
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Fatty Acid Data and Crop Surveys Indicate Sources of Red Sunflower Seed Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Populations and Suggest Strategies for Management

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarrad R Prasifka ◽  
Beth Ferguson ◽  
James V Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Fatty Acid Data ◽  
Smicronyx Fulvus ◽  
Combined Data ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Abstract The red sunflower seed weevil, Smicronyx fulvus L., is a univoltine seed-feeding pest of cultivated sunflower, Helianthus annuus L. Artificial infestations of S. fulvus onto sunflowers with traditional (<25% oleic acid), mid-oleic (55–75%), or high oleic (>80%) fatty acid profiles were used to test if fatty acids could be used as natural markers to estimate the proportion of weevils developing on oilseed sunflowers rather than wild Helianthus spp. and confection (non-oil) types. Oleic acid (%) in S. fulvus confirmed the fatty acid compositions of mature larvae and weevil adults reflected their diets, making primary (oleic or linoleic) fatty acids feasible as natural markers for this crop-insect combination. Oleic acid in wild S. fulvus populations in North Dakota suggests at least 84 and 90% of adults originated from mid-oleic or high oleic sunflower hybrids in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Surveys in 2017 (n = 156 fields) and 2019 (n = 120 fields) extended information provided by S. fulvus fatty acid data; no significant spatial patterns of S. fulvus damage were detected in samples, damage to oilseed sunflowers was greater than confection (non-oil) types, and the majority of damage occurred in ≈10% of surveyed fields. Combined, data suggest a few unmanaged or mismanaged oilseed sunflower fields are responsible for producing most S. fulvus in an area. Improved management seems possible with a combination of grower education and expanded use of non-insecticidal tactics, including cultural practices and S. fulvus-resistant hybrids.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Chemical Variability of Cured Vanilla Beans (Vanilla tahitensis and Vanilla planifolia)

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0900401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christel Brunschwig ◽  
François Xavier Collard ◽  
Jean-Pierre Bianchini ◽  
Phila Raharivelomanana
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Vanilla Planifolia ◽  
Chemical Variability ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Curing Method ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

In order to establish a chemical fingerprint of vanilla diversity, thirty samples of V. planifolia J. W. Moore and V. tahitensis G. Jackson cured beans from seven producing countries were examined for their aroma and fatty acid contents. Both fatty acid and aroma compositions were found to vary between vanilla species and origins. Vanillin was found in higher amounts in V. planifolia (1.7-3.6% of dry matter) than in V. tahitensis (1.0-2.0%), and anisyl compounds were found in lower amounts in V. planifolia (0.05%) than in V. tahitensis (1.4%-2.1%). Ten common and long chain monounsaturated fatty acids (LCFA) were identified and were found to be characteristic of the vanilla origin. LCFA derived from secondary metabolites have discriminating compositions as they reach 5.9% and 15.8% of total fatty acids, respectively in V. tahitensis and V. planifolia. This study highlights the role of the curing method as vanilla cured beans of two different species cultivated in the same country were found to have quite similar fatty acid compositions.

scholarly journals Valuable Fatty Acids in Bryophytes—Production, Biosynthesis, Analysis and Applications

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu ◽  
Eiriksson ◽  
Thorsteinsdóttir ◽  
Simonsen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Aqueous Environment ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Algae Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Bryophytes (mosses, liverworts and hornworts) often produce high amounts of very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (vl-PUFAs) including arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4 △5,8,11,14) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 △5,8,11,14,17). The presence of vl-PUFAs is common for marine organisms such as algae, but rarely found in higher plants. This could indicate that bryophytes did not lose their marine origin completely when they landed into the non-aqueous environment. Vl-PUFA, especially the omega-3 fatty acid EPA, is essential in human diet for its benefits on healthy brain development and inflammation modulation. Recent studies are committed to finding new sources of vl-PUFAs instead of fish and algae oil. In this review, we summarize the fatty acid compositions and contents in the previous studies, as well as the approaches for qualification and quantification. We also conclude different approaches to enhance AA and EPA productions including biotic and abiotic stresses.

scholarly journals Formation of trans Fatty Acids Is Not Involved in Growth-Linked Membrane Adaptation of Pseudomonas putida

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1915-1922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claus Härtig ◽  
Norbert Loffhagen ◽  
Hauke Harms
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Isomerization Reaction ◽  
Cyclopropane Fatty Acid ◽  
Substrate Uptake ◽  
Resting Cells ◽  
Saturation Degree ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

ABSTRACT Fatty acid compositions in growing and resting cells of several strains of Pseudomonas putida (P8, NCTC 10936, and KT 2440) were studied, with a focus on alterations of the saturation degree, cis-trans isomerization, and cyclopropane formation. The fatty acid compositions of the strains were very similar under comparable growth conditions, but surprisingly, and contrary to earlier reports, trans fatty acids were not found in either exponentially growing cells or stationary-phase cells. During the transition from growth to the starvation state, cyclopropane fatty acids were preferentially formed, an increase in the saturation degree of fatty acids was observed, and larger amounts of hydroxy fatty acids were detected. A lowered saturation degree and concomitant higher membrane fluidity seemed to be optimal for substrate uptake and growth. The incubation of cells under nongrowth conditions rapidly led to the formation of trans fatty acids. We show that harvesting and sample preparation for analysis could provoke the enzyme-catalyzed formation of trans fatty acids. Freeze-thawing of resting cells and increased temperatures accelerated the formation of trans fatty acids. We demonstrate that cis-trans isomerization only occurred in cells that were subjected to an abrupt disturbance without having the possibility of adapting to the changed conditions by the de novo synthesis of fatty acids. The cis-trans isomerization reaction was in competition with the cis-to-cyclopropane fatty acid conversion. The potential for the formation of trans fatty acids depended on the cyclopropane content that was already present.

Alpha-Linolenic Acid Content of Commonly Available Nuts in Hangzhou

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duo Li ◽  
Ting Yao ◽  
Sirithon Siriamornpun
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Pufa Intake ◽  
Pine Nut ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Pufa ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

The total lipid content of eight species of nuts available in Hangzhou ranged from 49.5 g/100 g weight in Cannabis sativa to 75.4 g/100 g in walnut. The predominant content of lipid is triacylglycerol, ranging from 91.1% in Cannabis sativa to 98.4% in macadamia. There were two polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in all nuts analyzed; 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3. The content of 18:3n-3 ranging from 0.2% in almond to 15.2% in Cannabis sativa, 18:2n-6 ranged from 2.5% in macadamia to 61.6% in pine nut. The proportion of total PUFA in analyzed eight nut species ranging from 2.8% in macadamia to 71.7% in walnut (p < 0.001). Monounsaturated fatty acid composition ranged from 18.0% in Cannabis sativa to 82.6% in macadamia (p < 0.001). The proportion of saturated fatty acid ranged from 7.4% in filbert to 14.7% of total fatty acids in macadamia (p < 0.001). No C20 fatty acids were detected in any of the samples in the present study. The lipids content and fatty acid compositions in analyzed samples were varied between nut species. Cannabis sativa and walnut contained relatively high 18:3n-3, consumption of several these nuts each day can contribute to n-3 PUFA intake, especially for the vegetarian population.

scholarly journals Effect of Rearing System on the Straight and Branched Fatty Acids of Goat Milk and Meat of Suckling Kids

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 471
Author(s):  
Guillermo Ripoll ◽  
María Jesús Alcalde ◽  
Anastasio Argüello ◽  
María de Guía Córdoba ◽  
Begoña Panea
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Milk Replacers ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Goat meat is considered healthy because it has fewer calories and fat than meat from other traditional meat species. It is also rich in branched chain fatty acids that have health advantages when consumed. We studied the effects of maternal milk and milk replacers fed to suckling kids of four breeds on the straight and branched fatty acid compositions of their muscle. In addition, the proximal and fatty acid compositions of colostrum and milk were studied. Goat colostrum had more protein and fat and less lactose than milk. Goat milk is an important source of healthy fatty acids such as C18:1 c9 and C18:2 n–6. Suckling kid meat was also an important source of C18:1c9. Dairy goat breeds had higher percentages of trans monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and most of the C18:1 isomers but lower amounts of total MUFAs than meat breeds. However, these dairy kids had meat with a lower percentage of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) than meat kids. The meat of kids fed natural milk had higher amounts of CLA and branched chain fatty acids (BCFAs) and lower amounts of n–6 fatty acids than kids fed milk replacers. Both milk and meat are a source of linoleic, α-linolenic, docosahexaenoic, eicosapentaenoic and arachidonic fatty acids, which are essential fatty acids and healthy long-chain fatty acids.

scholarly journals The effects of intravenous infusions of triglycerides on the secretion of milk fat in the cow

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Storry ◽  
B. Tuckley ◽  
A. J. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Plasma Triglycerides ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Successive Addition ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

1. Artificial emulsions of nine synthetic triglycerides ranging from tripropionin to triolein were given as continuous infusions into the jugular vein of lactating cows for periods of 2 days. The effects of these infusions on the composition of blood lipids and on the secretion of the component fatty acids in milk were examined.2. Tricaproin, tricaprylin, tripelargonin, tricaprin, trilaurin, trimyristin and triolein, in contrast to tripropionin and tributyrin, increased the yields in milk of the acid contained in the triglyceride. The increased yield of acid was positively correlated with chain length of the infused triglyceride, and with triglycerides above tricaprin the transfer of fatty acid to milk was sufficiently large to give consistently increased yields of total milk fat.3. The infusions increased the concentrations in blood plasma of cholesterol, phospholipid and in some experiments also of triglyceride. Concentrations of these lipids returned to normal by 2 days after the infusion. The fatty acid compositions of the plasma triglycerides were not affected by the infusion of triglycerides up to tripelargonin but with triglycerides longer than this the plasma triglycerides were altered in composition towards that of the infused triglyceride.4. Short- and intermediate-chain fatty acids of the infused triglycerides were elongated by the successive addition of two carbon units to give increased yields in milk of acids ranging up to C15 and C16 when they contained acids with an even and odd number of carbon atoms respectively. Possible interference with the conversion of stearic into oleic acid in the mammary gland owing to the infused emulsions is also discussed.

FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF NORMAL MINK TISSUES

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Walker ◽  
V. F. Lishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Healthy Female ◽  
Kidney Liver ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Lipids, extracted from the adrenals, brain, erythrocytes, heart, kidney, liver, plasma, and spleen of normal healthy female mink, were transesterified with 1% sulphuric acid in methanol, and the resulting methyl esters were analyzed by gas–liquid chromatography after purification by thin-layer chromatography. All of the tissues examined contained higher concentrations of unsaturated than of saturated acids, the highest levels of unsaturated acids occurring in the lipids of heart, adrenals, and plasma, and of the essential fatty acids (ω6 series, with six carbon atoms after last double bond) in plasma, erythrocyte, and kidney lipids. The fatty acid compositions of mink tissues resemble those reported in the literature for the rat; detailed comparisons are not possible because of the known influence of dietary factors on tissue fatty acids.

scholarly journals N-6 and n-3 fatty acids in different beef adipose tissues depending on the presence or absence of the gene responsible for double-muscling

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 515-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Aldai ◽  
M.E.R. Dugan ◽  
A.I. Nájera ◽  
K. Osoro
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Total N ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Carbon Chains ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Levels of n-6 and n-3 PUFAs, including those with 20 and 22 carbon-chains, in concentrate-fed Asturiana de los Valles (AV) yearling bulls with and without the double muscling gene <I>(mh/mh</I> = 24, <I>mh</I>/+ = 26, +/+ = 25) were measured to examine if this gene influences the pattern of PUFA deposition in different adipose tissues. Fatty acid compositions of muscle tissue (<I>longissimus thoracis</I>) and intermuscular and subcutaneous adipose tissues were determined by gas chromatography. The composition of intramuscular fat was unique compared to the other two adipose tissues which were similar in composition. In general, n-6 and n-3 fatty acid elongation and desaturation products were affected by AV genotype and this effect was most evident in n-3 PUFAs of the intramuscular fat of <I>mh/mh</I> (n-6/n-3 = 11.8 and 18:2n-6/18:3n-3 = 25.3) compared to <I>mh</I>/+ and +/+ animals (mean values of n-6/n-3 = 9.86 and 18:2n-6/18:3n-3 = 15.5). PUFA elongation and desaturation end products did not accumulate to any great extent in intermuscular and subcutaneous adipose tissues. Beef from <I>mh/mh</I> cattle showed greater deposition rates of n-3 elongation and desaturation products but their absolute content of total n-3 fatty acids was lower (21 mg/100 g meat) in comparison with <I>mh</I>/+ and +/+ cattle (mean value of 25 mg/100 g meat).

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