Salivary cortisol levels after awakening as a new index for adrenocortical activity: Normal values and recent findings

2000 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. S39
Author(s):  
Stefan Wüst ◽  
Jutta M. Wolf ◽  
Dirk H. Hellhammer ◽  
Clemens Kirschbaum
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Adrenocortical Activity ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Adrenocortical activity in at-risk and normally developing adolescents: Individual differences in salivary cortisol basal levels, diurnal variation, and responses to social challenges

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 695-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
BONNIE KLIMES–DOUGAN ◽  
PAUL D. HASTINGS ◽  
DOUGLAS A. GRANGER ◽  
BARBARA A. USHER ◽  
CAROLYN ZAHN–WAXLER
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Social Performance ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Social Stressors ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
Adrenocortical Activity ◽  
Cortisol Levels

The purpose of this study was to examine adrenocortical activity (basal, diurnal variation, and responses to social stressors) in adolescents at risk for psychopathology. Salivary cortisol levels were examined in normally developing and at-risk youth with internalizing and externalizing symptoms ranging from subclinical to clinical levels. Adolescents showed expected patterns of diurnal variation, with high early morning cortisol levels and a pattern of decline throughout the day. Females showed higher midday and late afternoon levels than males, and these patterns interacted with risk status. Internalizing problems sometimes were associated with gradual rather than steep declines in basal cortisol production. Both immediate and delayed cortisol reactivity to a social performance stressor were associated with internalizing symptoms. There was no evidence of relations between externalizing problems and underarousal of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) system. These and other results suggest that gender is an important moderating factor linking psychopathology, development, and context with HPA axis functioning in adolescence.

scholarly journals Salivary cortisol as a non-invasive approach to assess stress in dystocic dairy calves

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Levente Kovács ◽  
Fruzsina Luca Kézér ◽  
Szilárd Bodó ◽  
Ferenc Ruff ◽  
Rupert Palme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Birth Process ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Saliva Cortisol ◽  
Cortisol Levels

AbstractThe intensity and the magnitude of saliva cortisol responses were investigated during the first 48 h following birth in newborn dairy calves which underwent normal (eutocic, EUT, n = 88) and difficult (dystocic, DYS, n = 70) calvings. The effects of parity and body condition of the dam, the duration of parturition, the time spent licking the calf, the sex and birth weight of the calf were also analyzed. Neonatal salivary cortisol concentrations were influenced neither by factors related to the dam (parity, body condition) nor the calf (sex, birth weight). The duration of parturition and the time spent licking the calf also had no effect on salivary cortisol levels. Salivary cortisol concentrations increased rapidly after delivery in both groups to reach their peak levels at 45 and 60 min after delivery in EUT and DYS calves, respectively supporting that the birth process means considerable stress for calves and the immediate postnatal period also appears to be stressful for newborn calves. DYS calves exhibited higher salivary cortisol concentrations compared to EUT ones for 0 (P = 0.022), 15 (P = 0.016), 30 (P = 0.007), 45 (P = 0.003), 60 (P = 0.001) and 120 min (P = 0.001), and for 24 h (P = 0.040), respectively. Peak levels of salivary cortisol and the cortisol release into saliva calculated as AUC were higher in DYS than in EUT calves for the 48-h of the sampling period (P = 0.009 and P = 0.003, respectively). The greater magnitude of saliva cortisol levels in DYS calves compared to EUT ones suggest that difficult parturition means severe stress for bovine neonates and salivary cortisol could be an opportunity for non-invasive assessment of stress during the early neonatal period in cattle.

scholarly journals Diurnal Salivary Cortisol in Sarcopenic Postmenopausal Women: The OsteoLaus Cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Gonzalez Rodriguez ◽  
Pedro Marques-Vidal ◽  
Bérengère Aubry-Rozier ◽  
Georgios Papadakis ◽  
Martin Preisig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Body Composition Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Free Cortisol ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractSarcopenia, similar to hypercortisolism, is characterized by loss of muscle mass and strength. Cortisol circadian rhythm changes with aging (blunted late-day nadir values) were suggested to contribute to this decline. We aimed to explore the relationship between diurnal salivary cortisol values and sarcopenia diagnosis and its components in postmenopausal women. This is a cross-sectional study within the OsteoLaus population-based cohort in Lausanne (Switzerland). Participants had a body composition assessment by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), a grip strength (GS) measure, and salivary cortisol measures (at awakening, 30 min thereafter, 11 AM (sc-11AM) and 8 PM (sc-8PM)). Associations between salivary cortisol and sarcopenia diagnosed by six different criteria (based on appendicular lean mass (ALM) assessed by DXA, and muscle strength by GS), and its components, were analyzed. 471 women aged > 50 years (63.0 ± 7.5) were included. Various definitions identified different participants as sarcopenic, who consistently presented higher salivary cortisol at 11 AM and/or 8 PM. There were no associations between salivary cortisol levels and ALM measures, either absolute or after correction to height squared (ALM index) or body mass index. GS was inversely correlated to sc-11AM (r = − 0.153, p < 0.001) and sc-8PM (r = − 0.118, p = 0.002). Each 10 nmol/l increase of sc-11AM, respectively sc-8PM, was associated with a GS decrease of 1.758 (SE 0.472) kg, respectively 2.929 (SE 1.115) kg. In postmenopausal women, sarcopenia is associated with higher salivary cortisol levels at 11 AM and 8 PM. An increase of daily free cortisol levels in the physiological range could participate to sarcopenia development by decreasing muscle function in postmenopausal women.

scholarly journals Adverse childhood experiences, daytime salivary cortisol, and depressive symptoms in early adulthood: a longitudinal genetically informed twin study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Iob ◽  
Jessie R. Baldwin ◽  
Robert Plomin ◽  
Andrew Steptoe
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Cortisol Levels

AbstractDysregulated hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA)-axis function might underlie the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and depression. However, limited research has examined the possible mediating role of the HPA-axis among young people using longitudinal data. Moreover, it remains unclear whether genetic influences could contribute to these associations. Participants were 290 children from the Twins Early Development Study. ACEs were assessed from age 3–11 years. We calculated a cumulative risk score and also derived different ACEs clusters using factor analysis and latent class analysis. HPA-axis activity was indexed by daytime salivary cortisol at age 11. Depressive symptoms were ascertained at age 21. Genetic liability to altered cortisol levels and elevated depressive symptoms was measured using a twin-based method. We performed causal mediation analysis with mixed-effects regression models. The results showed that ACEs cumulative exposure (b = −0.20, p = 0.03), bullying (b = −0.61, p = 0.01), and emotional abuse (b = −0.84, p = 0.02) were associated with lower cortisol levels at age 11. Among participants exposed to multiple ACEs, lower cortisol was related to higher depressive symptoms at age 21 (b = −0.56, p = 0.05). Lower cortisol levels mediated around 10–20% of the total associations of ACEs cumulative exposure, bullying, and dysfunctional parenting/emotional abuse with higher depressive symptoms. Genetic factors contributed to these associations, but the mediation effects of cortisol in the associations of ACEs cumulative exposure (b = 0.16 [0.02–0.34]) and bullying (b = 0.18 [0.01–0.43]) remained when genetic confounding was accounted for. In conclusion, ACEs were linked to elevated depressive symptoms in early adulthood partly through lower cortisol levels in early adolescence, and these relationships were independent of genetic confounding.

Effect of augmented reality books in salivary cortisol levels in hospitalized pediatric patients: A randomized cross-over trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 104404
Author(s):  
Dulce E. Alarcón-Yaquetto ◽  
Jean P. Tincopa ◽  
Daniel Guillén-Pinto ◽  
Nataly Bailon ◽  
César P. Cárcamo
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Increased Waking Salivary Cortisol Levels in Young People at Familial Risk of Depression

2007 ◽  
Vol 164 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zola N. Mannie ◽  
Catherine J. Harmer ◽  
Philip J. Cowen
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Cortisol Levels

scholarly journals Effects of Anosognosia on Perceived Stress and Cortisol Levels in Alzheimer’s Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genevieve Arsenault-Lapierre ◽  
Victor Whitehead ◽  
Sonia Lupien ◽  
Howard Chertkow
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Anosognosia, or unawareness of one’s own cognitive deficits, may cause issues when measuring perceived stress and cortisol levels in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). The goal of this study was to examine the effects of anosognosia on perceived stress and salivary cortisol levels in normal elderly (NE) adults, MCI individuals, newly diagnosed AD patients, and long-lasting AD patients, suspected to show more anosognosia. An anosognosia index for perceived stress was computed by subtracting the score on the Perceived Stress Scale measured in the participants and their relative. Cortisol levels were measured four times a day over two nonconsecutive days. Greater anosognosia for dementia correlated with greater anosognosia for perceived stress in the group as a whole. However, no correlation between cortisol levels and either anosognosia for dementia or perceived stress was observed. Our results suggest that measuring perceived stress in AD patients may be influenced by anosognosia.

Relationship between levels of salivary cortisol with depression and suicidal ideation

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1631-1631 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. De Usabel Guzmán ◽  
M.J. Mota Rodríguez ◽  
A. Pampin Alfonso ◽  
J.B. Brenlla Gonzalez ◽  
M.J. Núñez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Santiago De Compostela ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
The Relationship

IntroductionSuicide is a major public health problem in most of the countries because it has a high prevalence in young people. It has been studied that high levels of cortisol are associated with depression and increase of the suicidal risk.ObjectiveTo analyze the relationship between cortisol levels in a population of university students and the questionnaire results for the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).MethodThe sample was composed by 106 students of the Nursing School of Santiago de Compostela University. The 88.7% of the sample are women with a mean age of 21.50 + /−2.52, the 99% are unmarried. The protocol consisted in 3 sections: demographic variables, BDI questionnaire with spanish scale and determination of salivary cortisol levels. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS 15.ResultsThe are higher levels of salivary cortisol in students with a greater or equal score to 13 on the BDI with statistically significances differences (p = .000). Students with suicidal ideation (item 9 of the BDI) have highest rates of cortisol, with statistically significant differences (p = 0.001).ConclusionsThis study supports other researchs about the association between biological neuroendocrine markers and affective disorders. Explaining suicidal behavior could help us to prevent it by using early intervention strategies for vulnerable populations. They could also identify markers to establish the risk of suicide.

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