scholarly journals Correlation of adverse childhood experiences with psychiatric disorders and aggressiveness in adulthood

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 653-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Samardzic ◽  
Gordana Nikolic ◽  
Grozdanko Grbesa ◽  
Maja Simonovic ◽  
Tatjana Milenkovic
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Significant Difference

Background/Aim. Consequences of individual adverse childhood experiences for adult mental health have been precisely studied during past decades. The focus of past research was mainly on childhood maltreatment and neglect. The aim of this paper was to determine association between multiple adverse childhood experiences and psychiatric disorders, as well as their correlation to the degree and type of aggressiveness in adult psychiatric patients. Methods. One hundred and thirteen psychiatric outpatients were divided into three diagnostic groups: psychotics, non-psychotics and alcoholics and compared with fourty healthy individuals. Adverse childhood experiences data were gathered retrospectively, using the Adverse childhood experiences questionnaire and explanatory interview. Aggressiveness was assessed using Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire. The Student's t test, ANOVA and correlational analysis were used for evaluation of statistical significance of differences among the groups. A value p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. Our results showed that the mean number of adverse childhood experiences in each group of psychiatric patients, as well as in the whole group of patients, was statistically significantly higher than in the group of healthy individuals (p < 0.001); there was a statistically significant difference in score of physical aggressiveness between the patients exposed to adverse childhood experiences and those who were not exposed to them (p < 0.05); scores of physical aggressiveness were in positive correlation with the number of adverse childhood experiences (p < 0.05). The highest mean score of adverse childhood experiences was evidenced in the group of patients with psychotic disorders. Conclusion. Multiple adverse childhood experiences are significantly associated with psychotic disorders, nonpsychotic disorders and alcohol dependence in adulthood and their presence is important morbidity risk factor for psychiatric disorders. They are in positive correlation with physical aggressiveness of the patients from these diagnostic groups.

scholarly journals A systematic review to investigate whether the current family court process in Scotland, leads to emotionally functional adults in cases of adverse childhood experiences.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Family Court ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Household Dysfunction ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Family Contact

The purpose of this systematic review is to investigate whether the current family court procedure in Scotland, involving cases of adverse childhood experiences exacerbated by parental abuse or household dysfunction, is likely to contribute, even inadvertently, to a deficit in emotional functionality in adults. Firstly, I will explore the literature on adverse childhood experiences, focussing on aspects such as critical periods of development, responsivity to stress, neural plasticity and the importance of family, to establish the potential effects on children’s social development, educational attainment, behavioural system, physical system and neurological development. Secondly, by exploring emotion regulation and the biological mechanisms that regulate the body’s stress hormone response system, I aim to identify how the association between stress and empathy impact the behavioural and emotional systems, to establish whether reduced empathy development is a potential pathway to future psychotic disorders, particularly, within populations with a history of childhood maltreatment.Finally, I will investigate how the court conducts family contact disputes, maintaining a balance between participation and protection of the child, whilst retaining the equilibrium of these views and the welfare principle.

scholarly journals The varying impact of type, timing and frequency of exposure to childhood adversity on its association with adult psychotic disorder

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 1967-1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Fisher ◽  
P. B. Jones ◽  
P. Fearon ◽  
T. K. Craig ◽  
P. Dazzan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Risk Indicator ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood

BackgroundChildhood adversity has been associated with onset of psychosis in adulthood but these studies have used only general definitions of this environmental risk indicator. Therefore, we sought to explore the prevalence of more specific adverse childhood experiences amongst those with and without psychotic disorders using detailed assessments in a large epidemiological case-control sample (AESOP).MethodData were collected on 182 first-presentation psychosis cases and 246 geographically matched controls in two UK centres. Information relating to the timing and frequency of exposure to different types of childhood adversity (neglect, antipathy, physical and sexual abuse, local authority care, disrupted living arrangements and lack of supportive figure) was obtained using the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire.ResultsPsychosis cases were three times more likely to report severe physical abuse from the mother that commenced prior to 12 years of age, even after adjustment for other significant forms of adversity and demographic confounders. A non-significant trend was also evident for greater prevalence of reported severe maternal antipathy amongst those with psychosis. Associations with maternal neglect and childhood sexual abuse disappeared after adjusting for maternal physical abuse and antipathy. Paternal maltreatment and other forms of adversity were not associated with psychosis nor was there evidence of a dose–response effect.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that only specific adverse childhood experiences are associated with psychotic disorders and only in a minority of cases. If replicated, this greater precision will ensure that research into the mechanisms underlying the pathway from childhood adversity to psychosis is more fruitful.

scholarly journals Heart rate variability biofeedback intero-nociceptive emotion exposure therapy for adverse childhood experiences

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 326
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Hahusseau ◽  
Bruno Baracat ◽  
Thierry Lebey ◽  
Lionel Laudebat ◽  
Zarel Valdez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Biofeedback Device

Background: Psychiatric patients with adverse childhood experiences (ACE) tend to be dysfunctional in the interoceptive part of their emotional experience. The integration of interoceptive emotional activity in the insular and cingulate cortices is linked to the regulation of sympathovagal balance. This makes heart rate variability (HRV) an ideal measure for providing feedback on emotion regulation in real time. Methods: A sample of one hundred (n=100) outpatients was evaluated. Participants underwent eight 30-minutes ACE exposure sessions during which patients were guided to experience bodily sensations related to ACE while their HRV was monitored using a commercial biofeedback device. Results: Comparing the results of first to last therapeutic session, a significant decrease in heart rate and an increase in HRV at the onset of the session were observed. Conclusions: This study suggests physiological impact of therapeutic interventions on the autonomic balance and underlines the interest of HRV biofeedback as a clinical practice.

scholarly journals Adverse Childhood Experiences, Depression, Exposure to Suicide, Self-injury, Defeat, and Entrapment among Suicide Attempters and Non-suicidal People

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmadreza Kiani ◽  
Shokoufeh Ramezani ◽  
Ebrahim Ghorbani ◽  
Zahra Gorji ◽  
Pezhman Honarmand
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Future Self

Background: Suicide is an important concern with regard to mental health and needs more attention in Iran. Objectives: This study aimed to compare depression, exposure to suicide, self-injury, defeat, and entrapment, and adverse childhood experiences in suicide attempters and normal people. Materials and Methods: The current research method was descriptive in the form of ex post facto research. The research community included two groups of (1) suicide attempters, and (2) normal students. Research measures included the Patient Health Questionnaire-2, exposure to suicidal behavior, non-suicidal self-injury, short defeat and entrapment scale, adverse childhood experiences questionnaire, and future self-injury. The data were analyzed using t-test. Results: The results showed a significant difference between groups on the mean values of depression (2.27 for the non-suicidal group vs. 3.87 for the suicidal group), adverse childhood experiences (5.82 vs. 0.95), exposure to the attempted suicide (0.28 vs. 0.50), self-injury behavior (0.36 vs. 2.13), and future self-injury likelihood (0.56 vs. 2.13). The most significant differences belonged to the defeat and entrapment variable and adverse childhood experiences (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Thus, defeat and depression play an important role in predicting suicide, so we should intervene in these two states of mind.

scholarly journals Neurocognition and its association with adverse childhood experiences and familial risk of mental illness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sai Priya Lakkireddy ◽  
Srinivas Balachander ◽  
Pavithra Dayal ◽  
Mahashweta Bhattacharya ◽  
Mino Susan Joseph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood

Background: Neurocognitive deficits are considered an endophenotype for several psychiatric disorders, typically studied in unaffected first-degree relatives (FDRs). Environmental factors such as adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may also affect neurocognition. This study examines the effect of ACEs on neurocognitive performance in FDRs of patients with severe mental illness in order to determine whether familial risk has a moderating effect on the relationship between ACEs and neurocognition. Methods: The sample consists of a total of 512 individuals composed of unaffected FDRs from multiplex families with severe mental illnesses (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder or alcohol use disorder) and healthy controls (with no familial risk). Neurocognitive tests included processing speed (Color Trails), new learning (Auditory Verbal Learning Test), working memory (N-Back), and Theory of Mind (SOCRATIS). ACEs were measured using the WHO ACE-International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ). Regression models adjusted for age, gender and education were done to predict each neurocognitive domain by the effect of familial risk, ACE-IQ Total Score and the interaction (familial risk x ACE-IQ Total score). Results: When all FDRs were examined as a group, the main effect of familial risk predicted poor performance in all domains of neurocognition (p <0.01), and the ACEs x familial risk interaction had a significant negative association with global neurocognition, processing speed & working memory. This interaction effect was driven predominantly by the familial risk of AUD. In FDRs of schizophrenia & bipolar disorder, only the main effects of familial risk were significant (working memory, theory of mind & global neurocognition), with no impact of ACEs or its interaction in both these sub-groups. Conclusions: The impact of childhood adversity on neurocognition is moderated by familial risk of psychiatric disorders. Genetic or familial vulnerability may play a greater role in disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, while the interaction between ACEs and family history may be more relevant in the case of disorders with greater environmental risk, such as substance use.

The intergenerational transmission of maternal adverse childhood experiences on offspring’s psychiatric disorder and the mediating role of maternal depression: Results from a cross sectional study

2022 ◽  
pp. 135910452110569
Author(s):  
Na Ri Kang ◽  
Young Sook Kwack ◽  
Jung-Kook Song ◽  
Moon-Doo Kim ◽  
Joon Hyuk Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Maternal Depression ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Household Dysfunction ◽  
Adverse Childhood

Maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may negatively affect the mental health and development of their offspring. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of maternal ACE and offspring’s psychiatric disorder and the mediating effect of maternal depression. The subjects included 463 mothers (42.78 ± 5.68 years) and their offspring aged 6–18 years (13.26 ± 3.90 years). Mothers reported their ACE before age 18 and completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II and Diagnostic Predictive Scales (DPS), a screening tool for offspring’s psychiatric disorder. 35.42% of subjects had at least one ACE, and 11.0% reported three or more ACEs. Higher maternal ACE scores were associated with a significantly higher prevalence of offspring’s psychiatric disorders ( p < 0.001). Household dysfunction of maternal ACE (OR = 2.263, p < 0.001) is significantly associated with offspring’s psychiatric disorder. In the mediation model in which the household dysfunction affects the number of offspring’s psychiatric disorders, the partial mediation model through maternal depression was significant. The mother’s experience of household dysfunction before the age of 18 has a significant impact on her offspring’s psychiatric disorder and supported significant mediation through maternal depression. Further research is needed to determine the mechanisms of intergenerational transmission of ACE and offspring’s psychopathology.

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