Cotard’s Delusion: A Clinical and Conceptual Overview

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
T. Rodrigues ◽  
M. Passos ◽  
H. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Severe Depression ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Jules Cotard ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Conceptual Overview ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Current Systems

Background:In 1880, the French neurologist Jules Cotard described a specific kind of nihilistic delusion which the patient believed that she no longer existed. Since then, this rare condition known as Cotard's Syndrome or Cotard's Delusion (CD) has intrigued clinicians and investigators.Aims:To present CD's features, including historical, clinical, etiopathological, and treatment issues.Method:Case report of a 49-year-old woman with fully developed CD; review of the literature.Results:There is still a considerable debate concerning the nature of this phenomenon - whether it should be conceptualized as a psychiatric symptom or as a syndromatic entity.CD may appear in different severity levels, and most authors accept the idea of a spectrum of clinical presentations, ranging from the belief of loosing intellectual capacities to the extreme belief of non-existence of life and the universe.This manifestation has been identified in patients with distinct diagnosis, mostly in severe depression, but also in schizophrenia and psycho-organic syndromes.Treatment should be chosen according to the underlying pathology.Conclusion:Over the last few years, new contributions from neuropsychological and imaging studies have brought interesting approaches to understand CD's underlying mechanisms. At the moment, CD does not fit clearly into any category of the current systems of classification. Future investigations should address the pathophysiological nature of CD and its place in the new, etiopathologically-oriented, classification systems.

scholarly journals IMPORTANCE OF CLASSICAL MORPHOLOGY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e2015035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosangela Invernizzi ◽  
Federica Quaglia ◽  
Matteo Giovanni Della Porta
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
World Health ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Diagnosis And Classification ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Selection Of

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by dysplastic, ineffective, clonal and neoplastic hematopoiesis. MDS represent a complex hematological problem: differences in disease presentation, progression and outcome  have necessitated the use of classification systems to improve diagnosis, prognostication and treatment selection. However, since a single biological or genetic reliable diagnostic marker has not yet been discovered for MDS, quantitative and qualitative dysplastic morphological alterations of bone marrow precursors and of peripheral blood cells are still fundamental for diagnostic classification. In this paper World Health Organization (WHO) classification refinements and current minimal diagnostic criteria proposed by expert panels are highlighted and related problematic issues are discussed. The recommendations should facilitate diagnostic and prognostic evaluations in MDS and selection of patients for new effective targeted therapies. Although in the future morphology should be supplemented with new molecular techniques, the morphological approach, at least for the moment, is still the cornerstone for the diagnosis and classification of these disorders.

scholarly journals Cell-Based Regeneration and Treatment of Liver Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10276
Author(s):  
Julia Hofmann ◽  
Verena Hackl ◽  
Hannah Esser ◽  
Andras T. Meszaros ◽  
Margot Fodor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Organ Shortage ◽  
Clinical Implementation ◽  
Organ Function ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Moment ◽  
End Stage

The liver, in combination with a functional biliary system, is responsible for maintaining a great number of vital body functions. However, acute and chronic liver diseases may lead to irreversible liver damage and, ultimately, liver failure. At the moment, the best curative option for patients suffering from end-stage liver disease is liver transplantation. However, the number of donor livers required by far surpasses the supply, leading to a significant organ shortage. Cellular therapies play an increasing role in the restoration of organ function and can be integrated into organ transplantation protocols. Different types and sources of stem cells are considered for this purpose, but highly specific immune cells are also the focus of attention when developing individualized therapies. In-depth knowledge of the underlying mechanisms governing cell differentiation and engraftment is crucial for clinical implementation. Additionally, novel technologies such as ex vivo machine perfusion and recent developments in tissue engineering may hold promising potential for the implementation of cell-based therapies to restore proper organ function.

scholarly journals Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome: A Worldwide Descriptive Study with Literature Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
Ruhidayati Awaludin ◽  
Hazimah Ab Rahim ◽  
Dg. Syazana Arivai ◽  
Mostafa Refaie Elkeleny
Keyword(s):  
Superior Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Choice Of Treatment ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Microsoft Office

Background: Superior mesenteric artery syndrome is best described as compression of the third part of duodenum by the superior mesenteric artery, resulting in obstruction. This rare condition has been studied for decades yet remains obscure. This study aimed to analyze different clinical presentations, diagnostic modalities, treatment approaches and outcomes of this condition. Methods: Thirty-five superior mesenteric artery syndrome cases were collected retrospectively from a Facebook group called “Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome Awareness & Support”. A questionnaire was designed using Google Forms to obtain the demographics, presenting symptoms, risk factors and co-morbidities, investigations, means of treatment and the outcomes. Data was entered into Microsoft Office Excel for statistical analysis. Results: The median age at diagnosis was 22 years. The median body mass index was 20.8 kg/m2. The median time interval from symptom onset to initial diagnosis was 22 months. The major presenting symptoms were abdominal pain (82.9%), nausea (77.1%), and vomiting (65.7%). Abdominal computed tomography scan with contrast (82.9%) was commonly used for confirmation of diagnosis. Thirteen cases (37.1%) were congenital. Thirty patients (85.7%) had received treatment. The overall management success was only 13.3%. Surgical management (34.3%) was the most commonly used regimen. Conclusion: Diagnosis of superior mesenteric artery syndrome is established after a thorough assessment of the clinical presentations and confirmed with suitable imaging modalities. The choice of treatment should be dependent on the causes and severity as different patients respond differently to therapy. Recurrence is possible in all patients, and a long-term follow up is thus required.

scholarly journals DIAGNOSIS OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Diagnostic approach to TSH-producing pituitary adenoma

2017 ◽  
Vol 177 (4) ◽  
pp. R183-R197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Tjörnstrand ◽  
Helena Filipsson Nyström
Keyword(s):  
Rare Condition ◽  
Diagnostic Approach ◽  
Laboratory Assessment ◽  
Pituitary Mass ◽  
Endocrine Disease ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Practical Suggestion ◽  
Tsh Secretion ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches ◽  
Inappropriate Tsh Secretion

Thyrotropin (TSH)-secreting adenomas (TSHomas) are the rarest form of pituitary adenomas, and most endocrinologists will see few cases in a lifetime, if any. In most cases, the diagnostic approach is complicated and cases may be referred after being presented as a syndrome of inappropriate TSH secretion or as a pituitary mass. This review aims to cover the past, present and possible future diagnostic approaches to TSHomas, including different clinical presentations, laboratory assessment and imaging advances. The differential diagnoses will be discussed, as well as possible coexisting disorders. By evaluating the existing reports and reviews describing this rare condition, this review aims to present a clinically practical suggestion on the diagnosic workup for TSHomas, Major advances and scientific breakthroughs in the imaging area in recent years, facilitating diagnosis of TSHomas, support the belief that future progress within the imaging field will play an important role in providing methods for a more efficient diagnosis of this rare condition.

Intravenous lobular capillary haemangioma presenting as neck discomfort associated with neck anteflexion

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. e237529
Author(s):  
Kotaro Ikeda ◽  
Toshihisa Ichiba ◽  
Kazunori Seo ◽  
Yuji Okazaki
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Pyogenic Granuloma ◽  
Capillary Haemangioma ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ct ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Enhanced Ct ◽  
Left Neck ◽  
Left Subclavian Vein

Lobular capillary haemangioma, also known as pyogenic granuloma, is a benign vascular tumour that usually originates in the skin and mucosal membrane. It sometimes derives from the lumen of a vein and the clinical presentations are various and non-specific. A 72-year-old woman complained of a sensation of pressure in her left neck for 1 month when cooking. Her left cephalic vein was enlarged with no signs of oedema, and cervical ultrasound revealed a space-occupying lesion in the left subclavian vein. Contrast-enhanced CT and MRI revealed an intravascular tumour. This tumour was removed with operation, and histopathological examination revealed intravascular capillary haemangioma. Intravascular lobular capillary haemangioma is a rare condition that occurs in the veins of the neck and upper extremities. Intravascular tumours could cause a unique symptom, such as neck discomfort associated with neck anteflexion.

Bonnet, Charles (1720–93)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.C.T. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Mental States ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Theology ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Over Time

In his youth, Bonnet made a meticulous and creative study of insects, which won him international fame for his discoveries, as well as his methods. He turned to psychology and offered a detailed, but speculative, account of the physiology of mental states. His empirical work was overtaken by speculative ambition. In later life, he developed (from elements already present in his early studies) a comprehensive view of the universe, of its history and its natural history, of theology and of moral philosophy. Christianity was proved, the great chain of being was mapped over time towards an ultimate perfection, and human morality, based on self-love, formed part of the Creator’s scheme. The Creator, at the moment of creation, brought into being all the elements from which this vast unfolding would occur, without further intervention.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Zajączkowska ◽  
Magdalena Kocot-Kępska ◽  
Wojciech Leppert ◽  
Anna Wrzosek ◽  
Joanna Mika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Antineoplastic Agents ◽  
Proteasome Inhibitors ◽  
Sensory Neuropathy ◽  
Vinca Alkaloids ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Moment

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is one of the most frequent side effects caused by antineoplastic agents, with a prevalence from 19% to over 85%. Clinically, CIPN is a mostly sensory neuropathy that may be accompanied by motor and autonomic changes of varying intensity and duration. Due to its high prevalence among cancer patients, CIPN constitutes a major problem for both cancer patients and survivors as well as for their health care providers, especially because, at the moment, there is no single effective method of preventing CIPN; moreover, the possibilities of treating this syndrome are very limited. There are six main substance groups that cause damage to peripheral sensory, motor and autonomic neurons, which result in the development of CIPN: platinum-based antineoplastic agents, vinca alkaloids, epothilones (ixabepilone), taxanes, proteasome inhibitors (bortezomib) and immunomodulatory drugs (thalidomide). Among them, the most neurotoxic are platinum-based agents, taxanes, ixabepilone and thalidomide; other less neurotoxic but also commonlyused drugs are bortezomib and vinca alkaloids. This paper reviews the clinical picture of CIPN and the neurotoxicity mechanisms of the most common antineoplastic agents. A better understanding of the risk factors and underlying mechanisms of CIPN is needed to develop effective preventive and therapeutic strategies.

Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma of the parotid gland

2009 ◽  
Vol 124 (5) ◽  
pp. 569-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Zainal ◽  
M Y Razif ◽  
M Makhashen ◽  
M Swaminathan ◽  
A Mazita
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Warthin’S Tumour ◽  
Needle Aspiration Cytology

AbstractObjectives:To highlight the first reported case of necrobiotic xanthogranuloma of the parotid gland. We also review the clinical presentations and treatments for this rare condition.Method:Case report and review of necrobiotic xanthogranuloma.Results:A 48-year-old man presented with a right parotid mass. Fine needle aspiration cytology was suggestive of Warthin's tumour, for which the patient underwent a subtotal parotidectomy. The final histopathological diagnosis was necrobiotic xanthogranuloma.Conclusions:Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma may clinically mimic commoner tumours such as Warthin's tumour. Once diagnosed, the clinician should be wary of extracutaneous manifestations and paraproteinaemias. Because of the variability of presentation, there is no consensus on the best treatment for necrobiotic xanthogranuloma, which may include surgery, chemotherapy, interferon, plasmapheresis and radiation therapy.

The book of names: DSM-IV in context

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER S. JENSEN ◽  
KIMBERLY HOAGWOOD
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Diagnostic Strategies ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Current Systems

The authors review the constraints of current mental disorder classification systems that rely upon descriptive symptom-based approaches, and weigh the benefits and hazards of these classification and diagnostic strategies. By focusing principally on superficial descriptions of symptoms, current systems fail to address the complex nature of persons' transactions within and adaptations to difficult environments. While attempting to be atheoretical, current systems exclude types of information that may elucidate individuals' functioning across various contexts, often because it is difficult to obtain such data reliably. With current approaches, misdiagnosis is likely, particularly when diagnostic criteria are applied to persons in nonclinical settings. Alternative approaches that take fuller advantage of clinicians' expertise and other forms of clinical data are reviewed, and recommendations are made for the next generation of classification systems. Application of evolutionary theory to psychiatry and psychology, as well as development of a theory and nosology of context in terms of persons' adaptations, are needed to expand our knowledge of normal and abnormal human development and psychopathology.

scholarly journals THE FACT OF CREATION AND THE LIMITS OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-101
Author(s):  
Ion Marian CROITORU ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Physics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Christian Theology ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Science And Theology ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Universe

Although scientific research is in full bloom regarding, for instance, the environment, the fact of creation cannot be ignored either, even if some scientists deny it, while others ascertain it, albeit from perspectives, however, foreign to the patristic vision specific of the Orthodoxy. Consequently, the limits of cosmology are structured as well by Christian theology, which shows that the study of the world, guided by laws of physics in a limited framework, is carried out inside the creation affected by the consequences of the primordial sin, so that the reality of the world before sin is known only to those who reach spiritual perfection and holiness, therefore, from an eschatological perspective, since they, too, go through the moment of separation of the soul from the body, waiting for the general resurrection. Therefore, a new way of being is affirmed in the Orthodox Church, by the personal experience of each believer, which is a transformation on the personal and cosmic level, according to Jesus Christ’s resurrected body, which means the reality of a new physics, which concerns both the beginning of the universe, but also its new dimension, at the Lord’s Second Coming, when heaven and earth will be renewed by transfiguration. Regarding the existence of the universe, the differences are given by the perceptions of two cosmologies. Thus, the theonomous cosmology highlights man’s purpose on earth, the necessity of moral and spiritual life, and the transfiguration of creation, explaining God’s presence in His creation, but also His work in it, namely the transcendence and the immanence in relation to the creation. The autonomous cosmology engenders the evolutionist theory, which leads to secularism and, consequently, to the gap between the contemporary man’s technological progress, and his spiritual and moral regress. Today, more scientists are turning their attention also to the data of the divine Revelation, the way it makes itself known by its organs, the Holy Scripture and the Holy Tradition, in the one Church, which will mean a deepening of the dialogue between science and theology in favour of the man from everywhere and from the times to come.

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