Signs of nutrition in ADHD children

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 318-318
Author(s):  
H. Kuzelova ◽  
R. Ptacek ◽  
H. Papezova
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Adhd Children ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics

According to current studies and clinical practice ADHD children show probable changes in growth and development, mainly in signs of nutrition. ADHD can be associated with higher predisposition to obesity, higher values of signs of nutrition, as body mass index or higher value of fat. Growth and weight changes in ADHD children are usually described in connection to stimulants use, the most common medication of the disorder. However, present research confirmed that these changes could be more typical for the disorder than for the treatment. These characteristics are considered to be directly connected with the disorder.The presented study compared anthropometric characteristics - mainly signs of nutrition - skin folds, abdominal circumference, in medicated and non-medicated ADHD boys (n = 104, age 4–16 years) with the normal non-clinical population. The results of the presented study showed significant differences between children with ADHD and those without the diagnosis. The differences found to be statistically significant (p < 0.01) being signs of nutrition (percentage of fat, abdominal circumference) and also growth suppression (lower body height). Differences between the medicated and non-medicated groups corresponded only to a lower value of body fat in the medicated children.ADHD can higher values of nutrition signs (percentage of fat, abdominal circumference, BMI, weight) in comparison to normal population. It could be caused by specific feeding customs which should be monitored in further studies.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Somatic Variables of Elite Ice Hockey Players from the Czech ELH and Russian KHL

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Kutáč ◽  
Martin Sigmund
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Variables

Abstract The goals of this study were to evaluate the basic morphological variables of contemporary elite ice hockey players, compare the parameters of players in the top Russian ice hockey league (KHL) with those of the top Czech ice hockey league (ELH), and to evaluate the parameters of players according to their position in the game. The research participants included 30 KHL players (mean age: 27.1 ± 5.1 years) and 25 ELH players (mean age: 26.4 ± 5.8 years). We determined body height, body mass, and body composition (body fat, fat-free mass, segmental fat analysis). All measurements were performed at the end of preseason training. The KHL players had the following anthropometric characteristics: body height 182.97 ± 5.61 cm (forward) and 185.72 ± 3.57 cm (defenseman), body mass 89.70 ± 5.28 kg (forward) and 92.52 ± 4.01 kg (defenseman), body fat 10.76 ± 0.63 kg (forward) and 11.10 ± 0.48 kg (defenseman), fatfree mass 78.94 ± 4.65 kg (forward) and 81.42 ± 3.52 kg (defenseman). The values for ELH players were as follows: body height 182.06 ± 5.93 cm (forward) and 185.88 ± 7.13 cm (defenseman), body mass 88.47 ± 7.06 kg (forward) and 89.36 ± 10.91 kg (defenseman), body fat 12.57 ± 2.89 kg (forward) and 11.91 ± 3.10 kg (defenseman), fat-free mass 75.93 ± 6.54 kg (forward) and 77.46 ± 7.89 kg (defenseman). The results indicate that it is beneficial to ice hockey players to have increased body mass and lower body fat, which leads to higher muscle mass, thus enabling a player to perform at the highest level and meet the specific challenges of the game.

scholarly journals Anthropometric Profile in Different Event Categories of Acrobatic Gymnastics

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaiza Taboada-Iglesias ◽  
Mercedes Vernetta Santana ◽  
Águeda Gutiérrez-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Sitting Height ◽  
Event Category ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics ◽  
Female Pair ◽  
Anthropometric Profile

AbstractThere is a specific anthropometric profile for each sport, which may be differentiated even in relation to the position, role or event category within each sport discipline. However, there are few studies on acrobatic gymnastics, and the goal of this work was to determine the anthropometric profile depending on the event category, as well as factors that predisposed to performance in these categories. The sample consisted of 150 gymnasts from Spain, divided into 8 groups according to the event category and the role played. The kinanthropometric measurements were taken through the procedures established by the International Society for the Advancement of Kineantropometry. The anthropometric characteristics, including body mass index, somatotype, body composition and proportionality using the Phantom stratagem were analyzed, and the results obtained from the different groups were compared. A regression analysis was performed with particular groups of gymnasts. No significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed between groups of female tops or male bases, although differences were found between female group bases and female pair bases. It could be suggested that higher values of body height, sitting height, the minimum abdominal circumference, percentage of fat and low biliocristal breadth predispose female bases to work in pairs rather than in groups. The conclusion is that the anthropometric measurements are not decisive when guiding a gymnast toward choosing one event category or another, except for female bases.

scholarly journals Growth and development of children under 5 years of age with tetralogy of Fallot in a Chinese population

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Li ◽  
Jin Zhu ◽  
Jun An ◽  
Yuqing Wang ◽  
Yili Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Tetralogy Of Fallot ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Local Conditions

AbstractCongenital Heart Defects (CHDs) are associated with different patterns of malnutrition and growth retardation, which may vary worldwide and need to be evaluated according to local conditions. Although tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is one of the first described CHDs, the etiology outcomes in growth and development of TOF in early age child is still unclear in most cases. This study was designed to investigate the growth retardation status of Chinese pediatric TOF patients under 5 years old. The body height, body weight and body mass index (BMI) of 262 pediatric patients (138 boys and 124 girls) who underwent corrective surgery for TOF between 2014 and 2018 were measured using conventional methods. The average body height, body weight and BMI of the patients were significantly lower than WHO Child Growth Standards, while the most affected was body height. Meanwhile, higher stunting frequency and greater deterioration of both the body height and weight happened in elder age (aged 13–60 months) rather than in infant stage (aged 0–12 months) among these patients. Our results confirmed that intervention should be given at early age to prevent the growth retardation of TOF patients getting severer.

Sense of time in children with ADHD: Effects of duration, distraction, and stimulant medication

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
RUSSELL A. BARKLEY ◽  
SETH KOPLOWITZ ◽  
TAMARA ANDERSON ◽  
MARY B. McMURRAY
Keyword(s):  
Stimulant Medication ◽  
Recent Theory ◽  
Interval Duration ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Reproduction Task ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Time Reproduction ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Adhd Children ◽  
Sense Of Time

A recent theory of ADHD predicts a deficiency in sense of time in the disorder. Two studies were conducted to test this prediction, and to evaluate the effects of interval duration, distraction, and stimulant medication on the reproductions of temporal durations in children with ADHD. Study I: 12 ADHD children and 26 controls (ages 6–14 years) were tested using a time reproduction task in which subjects had to reproduce intervals of 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 s. Four trials at each duration were presented with a distraction occurring on half of these trials. Control subjects were significantly more accurate than ADHD children at most durations and were unaffected by the distraction. ADHD children, in contrast, were significantly less accurate when distracted. Both groups became less accurate with increasing durations to be reproduced. Study II: Tested three doses of methylphenidate (MPH) and placebo on the time reproductions of the 12 ADHD children. ADHD children became less accurate with increasing durations and distraction was found to reduce accuracy at 36 s or less. No effects of MPH were evident. The results of these preliminary studies seem to support the prediction that sense of time is impaired in children with ADHD. The capacity to accurately reproduce time intervals in ADHD children does not seem to improve with administration of stimulant medication. (JINS, 1997, 3, 359–369.)

The Relations Between Temperament, Character, and Executive Functions in Children With ADHD and Clinical Controls

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 764-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renate Drechsler ◽  
Marina Zulauf Logoz ◽  
Susanne Walitza ◽  
Hans-Christoph Steinhausen
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Emotional Control ◽  
Behavior Rating ◽  
Behavioral Regulation ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Adhd Children ◽  
Behavior Rating Inventory ◽  
Character Inventory

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the overlap between executive functions and temperament as measured by two questionnaires and to examine characteristic profiles in children with ADHD and clinical controls. Method: Parents of 111 clinically referred children, half of whom were diagnosed with ADHD and half with other or no diagnoses, completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) and the Cloninger Junior Temperament and Character Inventory (JTCI). Results: Factor analysis of both instruments resulted in three common factors representing aspects of (1) cognitive regulation, (2) behavioral regulation, and (3) anxious/rigid tendencies. Factor (4) represented strengths and positive resources and loaded on JTCI scales only. Both instruments discriminated significantly between ADHD and non-ADHD children. Conduct disorder/oppositional defiant disorder (CD/ODD) but not ADHD accounted for problems in BRIEF Emotional Control and Self-Monitor and JTCI low Cooperativeness. Conclusion: The two instruments only partially overlap and may complement each other.

scholarly journals Physical Performance and Anthropometric Characteristics of Male South African University Soccer Players

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alliance Kubayi ◽  
Yvonne Paul ◽  
Prescott Mahlangu ◽  
Abel Toriola
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Successful Performance ◽  
Physiological Profile ◽  
Percentage Of Body Fat ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Soccer is the most popular sport worldwide. Despite its global acclaim, scientific studies of soccer have tended to focus on tactics and techniques, thereby neglecting the physical and physiological profile of the players. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine physical and anthropometric characteristics of male South African university soccer players. Twenty-seven male soccer players aged 19 to 24 (mean age: 22.1 years; s = 1.5 years) volunteered to participate in the study. The results showed that goalkeepers (77.5 ± 9.7 kg) and defenders (68.2 ± 6.5 kg) were the heaviest compared to players in other playing positions. The goalkeepers also had the highest percentage of body fat (11.3 ± 2.3%), in contrast to midfielders who had the lowest body fat content (9.1 ± 0.9%). With regard to flexibility, defenders (45.1 ± 4.9 cm) and midfielders (45.9 ± 5.4 cm) performed better than goalkeepers (37.1 ± 4.3 cm) and strikers (40.1 ± 3.4 cm). Midfielders (57.2 ± 3.1 ml1·kg−1·min1) and defenders (56.1 ± 5.1 ml1·kg−1·min1) had significantly higher values of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) than goalkeepers (47.9 ± 0.2 ml−1·kg−1·min−1) and strikers (49.8 ± 6.2 ml−1·kg−1·min−1). No significant (p > 0.05) differences were observed for all other variables, with the exception of body height, body mass, and VO2max. It was therefore concluded that sports scientists and coaches should tailor conditioning programmes in soccer according to players’ positions in view of the implications for successful performance.

scholarly journals How to Predict the Impact of Methylphenidate on Cardiovascular Risk in Children with Attention Deficit Disorder: Methylphenidate Improves Autonomic Dysfunction in Children with ADHD

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reiner Buchhorn ◽  
Christian Müller ◽  
Christian Willaschek ◽  
Kambiz Norozi
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Attention Deficit Disorder ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Heart Defect ◽  
Adhd Children ◽  
The Impact

Background. Although stimulants have long been touted as treatments for attention deficit disorder with or without hyperactivity (ADHD), in recent years, increasing concerns have been raised about the cardiovascular safety of these medications. We aimed to prove if measurements of autonomic function with time domain analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) in 24-hour Holter ECG are useful to predict the risk of sudden cardiac death in ADHD children and adolescents. Methods. We analysed HRV obtained from children with the diagnosis of ADHD prior to (N=12) or during medical therapy (N=19) with methylphenidate (MPH), aged 10.8±2.0 years (mean ± SD), who were referred to our outpatient Paediatric Cardiology Clinic to rule out heart defect. As a control group, we compared the HRV data of 19 age-matched healthy children without heart defect. Results. Average HRV parameters from 24-hour ECG in the ADHD children prior to MPH showed significant lower values compared to healthy children with respect to rMSSD (26±4 ms versus 44±10 ms, P≤0.0001) and pNN50 (6.5±2.7% versus 21.5±9.0%, P≤0.0001). These values improved in MPH-treated children with ADHD (RMSSD: 36±8 ms; pNN50: 14.2±6.9%). Conclusion. Children who suffer from ADHD show significant changes in HRV that predominantly reflects diminished vagal tone, a well-known risk factor of sudden cardiac death in adults. In our pilot study, MPH treatment improved HRV.

scholarly journals Predictors of Burden of Care Among Caregivers of Drug-Naive Children and Adolescents With ADHD: A Cross-Sectional Correlative Study From Muscat, Oman

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 517-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naser Al-Balushi ◽  
Mohammed Al-Alawi ◽  
Muna Al Shekaili ◽  
Manal Al-Balushi ◽  
Hassan Mirza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Arabic Version ◽  
Burden Of Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Adhd Diagnosis ◽  
Adhd Children ◽  
The World ◽  
Drug Naïve ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Objective: the study assessed the prevalence of burden of care among caregivers of children with ADHD in Oman. A related aim is to explore the predictors of the burden of care, subtypes of ADHD, and socio-demographic factors. Method: Arabic version of the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) was administered to 117 caregivers of drug-naive children with ADHD. Sociodemographic background and clinical data were gathered from medical records and from the attending caregivers themselves. The ADHD symptoms were grouped under three categories : hyperactive, inattentive, or mixed. Results: the prevalence of the burden of care was estimated to be 34%. Income levels and the child’s ADHD diagnosis being of “mixed” type have significant impact on the burden of care. Conclusion: the results of this study indicate that the prevalence of the burden of care among the caregivers of ADHD children in Oman is comparable with that in the other regions of the world.

scholarly journals Method of Parents in the Development of Child Prayers Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (Case Study of ADHD Children in Kulam Kemukiman Syamtarail Village, North Aceh)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-290
Author(s):  
Muhajir ◽  
Zahrul Mubarrak ◽  
Amiruddin ◽  
Khaidir ◽  
Fazil Saputra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Family ◽  
Adhd Children ◽  
Model Technique

Concentration disorders accompanied by hyperactivity in children with ADHD are conditions that show symptoms of lack concentration, hyperactivity and impulsiveness that causes an imbalance of most of their life activities. This makes parents have difficulty in providing prayer guidance to children who have ADHD. Starting from this problem, the researcher tries to make a scientific about Parents' Method in the Development of Child Prayers Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (Case Study of ADHD Children in Kulam Kemukiman Syamtarail Village, North Aceh)." This study was conducted to describe the method parents in providing prayer services to children with ADHD in  Kulam Kemukiman Syamtarail Village, North Aceh. This thesis research method uses the case study method which is a study that tries to examine individuals or a unit in depth with a qualitative approach. In collecting data researchers conducted observations and direct interviews within formants who have been used as samples, as well as documentation. While the analysis of data through observations in this thesis uses a theme analysis model technique where all data after being collected will be processed one by one. The results showed that ADHD children's prayer guidance involved all family members, namely the father, mother, siblings and cousins ​​of ADHD children. As for the methods carried out by the family in the guidance of prayers in children with ADHD can be concluded as follows:1. Intelegently; 2. Be haviour; 3. By monitoring.

scholarly journals Body height and weight and nutritional status in adult population of Northwest Backa and Central Banat (Serbia, Vojvodina)

2008 ◽  
pp. 27-39
Author(s):  
Tatjana Pavlica ◽  
Verica Bozic-Krstic ◽  
Rada Rakic ◽  
Sinisa Simic
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Lower Height ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Different Parts

Body height and weight are influenced by interaction of genetic and environmental factors but also depend upon the ethnic and socio-cultural characteristics of populations. The aim of the study is to determine the height, weight and nutritional status of adult population of Vojvodina, as well as to establish similarities and differences among various ethnic groups, i.e. the natives of Vojvodina and newcomers from different parts of former Yugoslavia. The investigation was conducted in 10 rural settlements of northwest Backa and central Banat. The investigation included 608 males (mean age 41.34 11.49) and 768 females (mean age 41.85 10.64). Data processing included standard statistical methods, while t-test was employed for testing differences among groups. In relation to ethnic group belonging, the analysis included Serbs, Hungarians and Montenegrins, while natives and newcomers from Bosnia and Herzegovina were analyzed in relation to the native land origin. The subjects of both sexes from central Banat have greater height than the subjects from northwest Backa. Hungarians of both sexes exhibit lower body height in comparison with all other groups, while Herzegovina newcomers have the greatest height values. For body weight, similar values are obtained in both of the areas. The average BMI in males equals 27.23 kg/m2 in Backa and 26.59 kg/m2 in Banat. In females, the values are lower and equal 26.12 kg/m2 in Backa and 25.29 kg/m2 in Banat. The population of this region is characterized by great height. Natives of both sexes show markedly lower height and weight values in relation to all three newcomers groups. The greatest number of male population falls in the category of overweight (46%). Females are mostly of normal weight (47.81%), while the number of overweight and obese females equals 34.67% and 14.42%, respectively.

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