scholarly journals A31 Associations between body mass index, body composition, fat distribution and knee symptoms severity in african-american and caucasian women

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. S26
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
African American ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Caucasian Women

scholarly journals A Culturally Competent Phenotypic Evaluation/Obesity Assessment in African and African American Populations: Pilot Study

2019 ◽  
pp. 674-698
Author(s):  
Catrina Johnson ◽  
Robert Corruccini ◽  
Motier Daniel Becque ◽  
Wanki Moon ◽  
Kolapo Ajuwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
African American ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Individualized Medicine ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Culturally Competent ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Composition Variation ◽  
Effective Models

BMI, a ratio of weight over height, is a culturally-biased tool imposed upon the scientific, academic and medical communities as an errant measure of obesity across ethnicity. Body Mass Index (BMI) relates mass (g) to a relative fat distribution with regards to height. Its genesis is from the actuarially derived and ethnically exclusive height and weight tables that promote the fictional notion of inter-ethnic ideal weights that would be later adopted by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) as a competent measure of adiposity. Best practice, movement towards individualized medicine and deployment of effective models that impact the diabetes epidemic and its related precursors like insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome, requires terminal use of BMI, a biologically meaningless and crude indicator of obesity, in favor of  effective and culturally competent non-relative body composition evaluation of genetically determined adiposity that untenably compares values among groups. African Americans are among the increasingly affected groups for diabetes and posses unique composition variation requiring proper intra-cultural evaluation independent of inter-ethnic Eurocentric assumptions that over assesses obesity risk. Incorporating use of 4C models to evaluate adiposity and assess risk for diabetic predisposition and onset provides an effective unbiased assessment of the cultural components inherent within body composition variation among ethnicity, age, gender. Obesity and type II diabetes onset and pre-disposition is assessed phenotypically, in creation of a body mass profile among African and African American groups, using 4C model, photography, anthropometry, somatotype and genetic evaluation. Environmental obeseogenic cultural factors are also explored.

scholarly journals Associations of Body Mass and Body Fat Distribution with Parity Among African-American and Caucasian Women: The CARDIA Study

1994 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 517-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cora E. Lewis ◽  
Delia E. Smith ◽  
Jennifer L. Caveny ◽  
Laura L. Perkins ◽  
Gregory L. Burke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Body Fat Distribution ◽  
Caucasian Women

Subcutaneous obesity is not associated with sympathetic neural activation

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (1) ◽  
pp. H414-H418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy E. Alvarez ◽  
Tasha P. Ballard ◽  
Stacy D. Beske ◽  
Kevin P. Davy
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Abdominal Visceral Fat ◽  
Regional Fat Distribution ◽  
Plasma Leptin

We tested the hypothesis that muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) would not differ in subcutaneously obese (SUBOB) and nonobese (NO) men with similar levels of abdominal visceral fat despite higher plasma leptin concentrations in the former. We further hypothesized that abdominal visceral fat would be the strongest body composition- or regional fat distribution-related correlate of MSNA among these individuals. To accomplish this, we measured MSNA (via microneurography), body composition (via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), and abdominal fat distribution (via computed tomography) in 15 NO (body mass index ≤ 25 kg/m2; 22.4 ± 1.4 yr) and 9 SUBOB (25 ≤ body mass index ≤ 35 kg/m2; 23.4 ± 2.1 yr) sedentary men. As expected, body mass (94 ± 4 vs. 71 ± 2 kg), total fat mass (25 ± 2 vs. 12 ± 1 kg), and abdominal subcutaneous fat (307 ± 36 vs. 132 ± 12 cm2) were significantly higher in the SUBOB group compared with NO peers. However, the level of abdominal visceral fat did not differ significantly in the two groups (69 ± 7 vs. 55 ± 5 cm2). MSNA was not different between SUBOB and NO men (23 ± 3 vs. 24 ± 2 bursts/min; P > 0.05, respectively) despite ∼2.6-fold higher ( P < 0.05) plasma leptin concentration in the SUBOB men. Furthermore, abdominal visceral fat was the only body composition- or regional fat distribution-related correlate ( r = 0.45; P < 0.05) of MSNA in the pooled sample. In addition, abdominal visceral fat was related to MSNA in NO ( r = 0.58; P = 0.0239) but not SUBOB ( r = 0.39; P = 0.3027) men. Taken together with our previous observations, our findings suggest that the relation between obesity and MSNA is phenotype dependent. The relation between abdominal visceral fat and MSNA was evident in NO but not in SUBOB men and at levels of abdominal visceral fat below the level typically associated with elevated cardiovascular and metabolic disease risk. Our observations do not support an obvious role for leptin in contributing to sympathetic neural activation in human obesity and, in turn, are inconsistent with the concept of selective leptin resistance.

Body phenotypes and sexual maturation in Brazilian and US adolescents: evidence for a change in body mass index Category

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Jéssica Cumpian Silva ◽  
Ana Elisa Madalena Rinaldi ◽  
Francisco de Assis Guedes Vasconcelos ◽  
Maria Alice Altenburg Assis ◽  
Camila Medeiros Mazzeti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Phase Angle ◽  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pubic Hair ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio

ABSTRACT Objective: Our study aimed to describe body phenotypes (BP) estimated by multivariate analysis and their association with body mass. Design: Body phenotypes were defined based on demographic variables, anthropometric data (body mass, height, skinfolds and circumferences), body composition (phase angle measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis), biochemical parameters (triglycerides, glucose, total cholesterol ratio/Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL), haemoglobin and sexual maturation (pubic hair and breasts or gonads). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to verify the differences between skin colour and the stages of pubertal development, body phenotypes, body composition, anthropometric, and biochemical variables. Setting: Cities of São Paulo-SP, Piracicaba-SP and Florianópolis-SC from Brazil and the United States. Participants: 9269 adolescents aged between 10 to 15 years old. Results: The composition of BP was similar in all surveys, which are: BP1 was composed by skinfolds, body mass and circumferences variables; BP2 by pubic hair, breast in girls or gonad in boys, height and age; BP3 by cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose; and BP4 by phase angle, haemoglobin and glucose (negative loading). There was a strong correlation (r = 0.9, p <0.001) between BP1 and body mass index. Conclusion: We highlighted independence observed between biochemical parameters, anthropometry, body composition and sexual maturation. BP may support the calculation of scores for diagnosis of obesity based on anthropometric variables and overcome ambiguity in the isolated use of body mass index.

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