Clinical use of dexmedetomidine as premedicant in cats undergoing propofol–sevoflurane anaesthesia

The purpose of this report was to evaluate the cardiorespiratory effects and efficacy of dexmedetomidine as a premedicant agent in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy anaesthetized with propofol–sevoflurane. Cats were randomly divided into two groups of eight animals each. Dexmedetomidine (0.01 mg/kg) or 0.9% saline was administered intravenously (D and S, respectively). After 5 min, propofol was administered intravenously and anaesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane. Heart and respiratory rates, arterial blood pressure, oxygen saturation, rectal temperature and the amount of propofol needed for induction were measured. Premedication with dexmedetomidine reduced the requirement of propofol (6.7±3.8 mg/kg), but induced bradycardia, compared with the administration of saline (15.1±5.1 mg/kg). Recovery quality was significantly better in D but no significant difference in time to return of swallowing reflex was observed between groups (D=2.5±0.5 min;S=3.2±1.8 min). In conclusion, dexmedetomidine is a safe and effective agent for premedication in cats undergoing propofol–sevoflurane anaesthesia with minimal adverse effects.

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Comparison of Use of Isoflurane or Sevoflurane for Anaesthesia Induced by Mask in Calves

Acta Scientiae Veterinariae ◽

10.22456/1679-9216.108239 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 ◽

Author(s):

Selvinaz Yakan ◽

Ozgur Aksoy ◽

Celal Sahin Ermutlu

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

General Anaesthesia ◽

Arterial Blood Pressure ◽

Head Movements ◽

Anaesthesia Induction ◽

Sevoflurane Group ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Isoflurane Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Swallowing Reflex

Background: Inhalation anaesthesia is an effective and reliable general anaesthesia method for inactivity, analgesia, and unconsciousness in extensive surgical procedures. Although widely used, especially in small animals, there are very few studies investigated the reliability and superiority of inhalation anaesthesia in surgical procedures for ruminants. This study intended to evaluate the anaesthetic effects of isoflurane and sevoflurane in different surgical cases with endotracheal intubation following the induction of anaesthesia using a calve-specific facemask, which is not yet a routine option in cattle.Materials, Methods & Results: The study was conducted on 14 calves, from new-born up to 3 months-old, that undergoing various surgical operations. The animals were divided into isoflurane and sevoflurane groups, and each group contained 7 animals. In all cases, atropine (0.04 mg/kg was administered intramusculer as premedication before 15 min from anaesthesia induction. For induction, the anaesthetic agent was given at an inspiratory concentration of 3-5% in the isoflurane group and at an inspiratory concentration of 5 - 7% in the sevoflurane group during 5 min via mask at 15min after atropine administration. In both groups, endotracheal intubation was performed (about 1-3 min) after of general anaesthesia symptoms starting. At 5min after induction, anaesthesia was continued at 1.5 - 3% in the isoflurane group and at 2.5 - 4% in the sevoflurane group during operation. The animals were monitored during anaesthesia and, anaesthetic effect, reaction of the calve, pronounced side effects, Heart Rate (HR), Systolic Arterial Blood Pressure (SABP), Diastolic Arterial Blood Pressure (DABP), Mean Arterial Blood Pressure (MABP), Respiration Rate (RR), Pulse Rate (PR), Arterial Oxygen Saturation (SpO2) were recorded at before anaesthesia, the premedication period, 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90min of anaesthesia. During anaesthesia, from the clinical parameters, mucosal capillary refilling time was evaluated by applying finger pressure to the oral mucosa. Mucous membrane color was determined by observing the oral mucosa. The time for palpebral reflex and swallowing reflex disappearance was measured and processed into individual forms. Anaesthesia induction and reanimation times were determined and recorded in the forms. After the operation, the return of the swallowing reflex and the time to stand up were recorded. During the operation, urination, defecation, salivation, vomiting, animal reactions, the shape and duration of the reamination period were recorded. In the isoflurane group anaesthesia induction was 3.71 ± 0.28 min, head movements started and came to the sterno- abdominal position at 4.57 ± 0.36 min, got up at 8.71 ± 0.42 min without assistance, meanwhile. In sevoflurane group, anaesthesia induction was 2.57 ± 0.20 min, head movements started and came to the sterno- abdominal position at 3.86 ± 0.40 min, the time to stand up was determined as 6.43 ± 0.29 min. During anaesthesia, HR, SABP, DABP, MABP, RR, PR, SpO2 findings were within physiological acceptable limits in 2 groups. In terms of indicators, there were no obvious differences in either group. The results revealed no significant difference between groups during anaesthesia.Discussion: The isoflurane and sevoflurane anaesthesia used in this study provided an adequate anaesthetic effect in calves characterized by adequate analgesia and muscle relaxation without any complications. The results of our study revealed that there was no significant difference between isoflurane and sevoflurane in calves. Both anaesthetic agents can be used safely for general anaesthesia in calves.

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Abstract P489: Effect of Continuous Intake of Hesperidin on Blood Pressure in 2-kidney, 1-clip Renovasucular Hypertensive Rats

Hypertension ◽

10.1161/hyp.70.suppl_1.p489 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 70 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Ayuna Yamaoka ◽

Yukiko Segawa ◽

Saki Maruyama ◽

Natsumi Saito ◽

Hiroko Hashimoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Control Diet ◽

Left Renal Artery ◽

Sham Operation ◽

Hypertensive Rats ◽

Fruit Peel ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Enos Mrna

Objective: Hesperidin (HES) is a flavonoid which is contained in citrus fruit peel. It has physiological effects on blood vessels such as strengthening capillary vessels. Thus, it is known to be one of the effective ingredients of herbal medicine. Some studies have shown that the intake of HES decreases blood pressure (BP) in spontaneously hypertensive rats. The antihypertensive effect of HES is suggested to be due to vasodilation by nitric oxide (NO). However, its mechanism has not been clarified in detail. In this study, we observed whether HES intake decreases BP in 2-kidney, 1-clip renovasucular hypertensive rats (2K1C) and evaluated endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) mRNA to investigate its role in the mechanism. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (6 weeks old) were treated with sham operation (SHAM) or clipping the left renal artery (2K1C). After surgery, the rats started receiving continuously a control diet (C) or a diet containing 0.1% (w/w) HES for 6 weeks. The systolic BP (SBP) was measured by a tail-cuff method every week. At the end of the protocol, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was measured in each rat under anesthesia. Then, the aortas were removed for extracting mRNA. eNOS mRNA expression was evaluated using real-time RT-PCR. Results: At the end of the protocol, SBP in 2K1C-C was significantly higher than in SHAM-C (170±6 vs 117±6 mmHg, p <0.001). On the other hand, 2K1C-HES was lower in SBP (141±4 mmHg) than 2K1C-C ( p <0.01). There were no significant differences between SHAM-HES (122±7 mmHg) and SHAM-C. MAP at the end of the protocol were similar to in SBP. ANOVA revealed mRNA expression of eNOS was significantly higher in 2K1C than in SHAM ( p <0.05), and showed no significant difference between C and HES, nor a significant interaction. Conclusion: Continuous intake of HES may suppress BP increase in 2K1C. The role of eNOS mRNA expression may not be involved in the mechanism.

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Caudal bupivacaine - midazolam for post operative analgesia in children

Journal of the Bangladesh Society of Anaesthesiologists ◽

10.3329/jbsa.v23i1.18152 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 8-13

Author(s):

Idris Ali ◽

Amirul Islam ◽

Golam Morshed ◽

Nurul Islam ◽

Ashia Ali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Anaesthetic Agent ◽

Caudal Block ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Post Operative Period ◽

Caudal Analgesia ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group B

Background: Adjuvant used with local anaesthetic agent in caudal is more effective for post operative analgesia in children . Aim and objective: To find out the duration and quality of caudal analgesia in children undergoing genitourinary surgery by combination of bupivacaine and midazolam. Methods: A total number of sixty patients ASA grade I&II were selected randomly as per inclusion & exclusion criteria in two groups. Thirty in each group. In group A, caudal block was given by bupivacainemidazolam mixture and in group B, caudal block was given by bupivacaine in lateral decubitus position, just after completion of surgery before reversed from GA. In post operative period arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and duration of analgesia were recorded. Results: There was no significant difference between the groups of blood pressure, heart rate, and pain score up to 30 min but after one hour of post operative period pain scores were significant(p<0.05). Conclusion: Midazolam improves the duration and quality of analgesic effect of bupivacaine. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsa.v23i1.18152 Journal of BSA, 2010; 23(1): 8-13

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The Influence of Physical Activity on Arterial Pressure during Ambulatory Recordings in Man

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0580115 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 115-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

D. B. Rowlands ◽

T. J. Stallard ◽

R. D. S. Watson ◽

W. A. Littler

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Arterial Pressure ◽

Ambulatory Blood Pressure ◽

Physical Activities ◽

Hypertensive Patients ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Hypotensive Therapy

1. Ambulatory blood pressure recordings were made over a 48 h period on six hypertensive patients. The conditions of study were standardized, particularly with regard to physical activity, and during one period of each day the patients were randomly allocated to be active or inactive. 2. Results show that blood pressure was highest during physical activity and lowest during sleep. There was no significant difference between the arterial pressures measured during the same physical activities carried out at the same time each day. However, during the same time on consecutive days when activity was randomized, there was a significant difference between the pressure recordings during physical activity compared with those during inactivity. Heart rate changes showed a similar trend during the randomized period. 3. Physical activity and sleep have a profound effect on continuous arterial blood pressure recordings and these are independent of time alone. These observations should be taken into account when using this ambulatory system to assess hypotensive therapy.

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Evaluation of cardiopulmonary parameters and recovery from anesthesia in cougars (Puma concolor) anesthetized with detomidine/ketamine and isoflurane or sevoflurane

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-736x2016000100006 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 33-38

Author(s):

Verônica B. Albuquerque ◽

Marcelo A. Araújo ◽

Alice R. Oliveira ◽

Guilherme Cavalcanti ◽

Rodrigo C. Leal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Arterial Blood Pressure ◽

Puma Concolor ◽

Venous Pressure ◽

Onset Time ◽

Abdominal Ultrasound ◽

Anesthesia Induction ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Recovery From Anesthesia

Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the cardiopulmonary effects, the onset time after the administration of a detomidine/ketamine combination, and the recovery from anesthesia of cougars (Puma concolor) anesthetized with detomidine/ketamine and isoflurane or sevoflurane for abdominal ultrasound imaging. Fourteen animals were randomly allocated into two experimental groups: GISO (n=7) and GSEVO (n=7). Chemical restraint was performed using 0.15mg/kg detomidine combined with 5mg/kg ketamine intramuscularly; anesthesia induction was achieved using 2mg/kg propofol intravenously and maintenance with isoflurane (GISO) or sevoflurane (GSEVO). The following parameters were assessed: heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure, oxyhemoglobin saturation, rectal temperature, central venous pressure, and end-tidal carbon dioxide. The time to sternal recumbency (TSR) and time to standing position (TSP) were also determined. There was not statistically significant difference for the cardiopulmonary variables or TSP whereas TSR was significantly shorter in GSEVO. The time to onset of anesthesia was 11.1±1.2 minutes and 11.3±1.8 minutes for GISO and GSEVO, respectively. The anesthesia of cougars with detomidine/ketamine and isoflurane or sevoflurane was conducted with safety, cardiopulmonary stability, and increased time to sternal recumbency in the GISO group.

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Heart Rate and Arterial Pressure Changes during Whole-Body Deep Hypothermia

ISRN Pediatrics ◽

10.1155/2013/140213 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Giacomo Cavallaro ◽

Luca Filippi ◽

Genny Raffaeli ◽

Gloria Cristofori ◽

Federico Schena ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Mild Hypothermia ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Deep Hypothermia ◽

Whole Body ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Pressure Changes ◽

Ischemic Encephalopathy

Whole-body deep hypothermia (DH) could be a new therapeutic strategy for asphyxiated newborn. This retrospective study describes how DH modified the heart rate and arterial blood pressure if compared to mild hypothermia (MH). Fourteen in DH and 17 in MH were cooled within the first six hours of life and for the following 72 hours. Hypothermia criteria were gestational age ≥36 weeks; birth weight ≥1800 g; clinical signs of moderate/severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Rewarming was obtained in the following 6–12 hours (0.5°C/h) after cooling. Heart rates were the same between the two groups; there was statistically significant difference at the beginning of hypothermia and during rewarming. Three babies in the DH group and 2 in the MH group showed HR < 80 bpm and QTc > 520 ms. Infant submitted to deep hypothermia had not bradycardia or Qtc elongation before cooling and after rewarming. Blood pressure was significantly lower in DH compared to MH during the cooling, and peculiar was the hypotension during rewarming in DH group. Conclusion. The deeper hypothermia is a safe and feasible, only if it is performed by a well-trained team. DH should only be associated with a clinical trial and prospective randomized trials to validate its use.

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Effect of adding dexmedetomidine or remifentanil to thiopental in patients with mood disorder candidate for electroconvulsive therapy

European Journal of Translational Myology ◽

10.4081/ejtm.0.8877 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Faezeh Heidarbeigi ◽

Hamidreza Jamilian ◽

Anita Alaghemand ◽

Alireza Kamali

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Mood Disorders ◽

Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽

Recovery Time ◽

Arterial Oxygen ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Remifentanil Group

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is one of the appropriate treatments for many neuropsychiatric patients, especially those with mood disorders. Short-term complications of ECT include agitation and postictal. In this study, we compared the addition of dexmedetomidine or remifentanil to thiopental as the main anaesthetic used in ECT. In this double-blind randomised clinical trial, 90 patients with mood disorders (candidates for ECT) were divided into two groups based on their therapy: dexmedetomidine or remifentanil. In the first group (DG), patients were slowly injected intravenously with 0.5 μg/kg dexmedetomidine before induction of anesthesia. In the second group (GR), 100 μg of remifentanil was slowly injected intravenously.In addition, we collected demographic information such as respiratory rate, heart pulse rate, seizure time, mean of arterial blood pressure, recovery duration and the oxygen arterial saturation recorded after recovery. Data obtained were analysed by use of statistical software, SPSS-23. The mean age of both groups was approximately 37 years with the majority being men. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age and sex, blood pressure, heart rate, duration of seizures and arterial oxygen saturation before ECT. The mean blood pressure and heart rate in the recovery group were lower in the dexmedetomidine group than in the remifentanil group and the hemodynamics in the dexmedetomidine group were more stable. The recovery time in the dexmedetomidine group was longer than that of the remifentanil group (p = 0.001). Both groups had approximately the same satisfaction and the rate of agitation after ECT was the same. Both remifentanil and dexmedetomidine as adjuvants lead to a decrease in patients' post-ECT hyperdynamic responses. In our study, we demonstrated that the effect of dexmedetomidine is greater than remifentanil. On the other hand, neither dexmedetomidine nor remifentanil had a negative effect on seizure duration, but dexmedetomidine significantly prolonged recovery time, when compared to remifentanil.

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Comparative study of Ringer’s lactate solution and 6% hydroxyethyl starch solution as pre-loading fluid for prevention of hypotension following spinal anesthesia

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20170023 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 415

Author(s):

T. Mohan Singh ◽

Lesley Linus

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Spinal Anesthesia ◽

Elective Caesarean Section ◽

Active Management ◽

Ringer Lactate ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

Lactate Solution

Background: Arterial hypotension following spinal anesthesia still remains the leading cause for maternal mortality and morbidity. Active management of hypotension and more so its prevention of its ads more safety value to spinal anesthesia, which is widely practiced worldwide. Preloading of patients with either crystalloid or colloid prevents the severity of hypotension. Objectives of the study was to compare the preloading efficacy of Ringers lactate solution (20 ml/kg) and 6% hydroxyl ethyl starch at 10 ml/kg in prevention of hypotension following spinal anesthesia in elective caesarean section.Methods: 100 ASA grade I and grade II subjects for elective caesarean section were studied in two groups. Group A (Ringer lactate group) 50 subjects and Group B (hydroxyl ethyl starch group) 50 subjects. Each group was preloaded over a period of 20 minutes before spinal anesthesia with either ringer lactate solution (Group A) at 20 ml/kg or 6% hydroxyl ethyl starch group at 10 ml/kg body weight. Main outcome measures were mean systolic blood pressure, mean diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure and mean heart rate.Results: Demographic characteristics of both groups were comparable. Incidence of hypotension was significantly more in ringer lactate group. There was no significant difference of heart rate in both the groups. No allergic reaction was noted to hydroxyl ethyl starch. Vasopressor requirement was also low in hydroxyl ethyl starch group compared to ringer lactate group.Conclusions: Preloading subjects with 6% hydroxyl ethyl starch is beneficial than preloading with ringer lactate solution as it produces better hemodynamic stability to subjects.

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Changes in Body Weight and Blood Pressure among Women Using Depo-Provera injection in Northwest Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.2.10852/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Muluken Fekadie Zerihun ◽

Tabarak Malik ◽

Yohannes Mulu Ferede ◽

Tesfahun Bekele ◽

Yigizie Yeshaw

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Body Mass ◽

T Test ◽

P Value ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Depo Provera

Abstract Objectives: Depo-Provera is an injectable contraceptive method containing medroxyprogesterone acetate. It has some adverse effects like changes in menstrual pattern, loss in bone mineral density and risk of weight gain. Therefore, this study is aimed at to investigate the effects of Depo-Provera on body weight and blood pressure among Ethiopian women. Institution based cross-sectional study design was conducted from January 2017 to April 2017. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 software. Paired t-test, independent t-test and ANOVA were used to evaluate the presence of mean difference and relationship between changes in variables and duration of use of Depo-Provera. P-value ≤ 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results: The mean weight and body mass index (BMI) of Depo-Provera users were increased significantly (p=0.02 for mean body weight and p=0.019, for body mass index). There was no significant difference in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) of Depo-Provera users compared to controls or their respective pretreatment value (p-value=0.85 for Depo-Provera users and 0.67 for non-users). The finding of this study revealed that there is an increased weight gain and BMI among Depo-Provera users compared to non-users, which really requires attention of health professionals and other stake holders.

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Evaluation of the causal effects between dopamine infusion changeover and fluctuations in mean arterial pressure in neonates

Archives of Disease in Childhood ◽

10.1136/archdischild-2019-317123 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 105 (4) ◽

pp. 390-394

Author(s):

Katherine Kirupakaran ◽

Paula de Sousa ◽

Celine Le Roux ◽

Lauren Redwood ◽

Heike Rabe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Mean Arterial Pressure ◽

Arterial Pressure ◽

Neonatal Unit ◽

Improvement Project ◽

Dopamine Infusion ◽

Dopamine Concentration ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Change In Mean

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether changing dopamine infusions every 12 hours and preparing these infusions 30 min before administration reduces blood pressure fluctuations in preterm and term neonates.DesignThis was a retrospective study using data from live patients on the neonatal unit and prospective study exploring stability of infusions in a laboratory-based neonatal ward simulation.SettingSingle-centre study in a tertiary neonatal surgical unit in a university teaching hospital.PatientsNeonates who received more than one subsequent dopamine infusion and had invasive arterial blood pressure monitoring, during their admission in the neonatal unit, were included.InterventionsAs part of the Quality Improvement project, the standard operating procedure (SOP) was changed, and dopamine infusions were prepared by nursing staff and left to rest for 30 min before administering to the neonate. Additionally, infusions were replaced every 12 hours.Main outcome measuresThe percentage change in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and the percentage loss in the drug concentration during infusion during changeover.ResultsOur findings indicate that up to 15% of the initial dopamine concentration is lost after 24 hours. This results in a sharp variation in the dopamine concentration during infusion changeover that correlates with observed rapid fluctuations in MAP. In changing the SOP, no significant difference in the concentration of dopamine and MAP were observed over 12 hours.ConclusionsDelaying administration of dopamine infusions by 30 min after preparation combined with changing infusions 12 hourly has reduced MAP fluctuations. Therefore, the risks associated with MAP fluctuations, including intraventricular haemorrhages, are reduced.

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