Variations in the kinetic behaviour of the NADPH-production systems in different tissues of the trout when fed on an amino-acid-based diet at different frequencies1Publication No. 184 from the `Drugs, Environmental Toxics and Cellular Metabolism Research Group', Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Biological Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.1

1999 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan B. Barroso ◽  
Juan Peragón ◽  
Leticia Garcı́a-Salguero ◽  
Manuel de la Higuera ◽  
José A. Lupiáñez
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cellular Metabolism ◽  
Kinetic Behaviour ◽  
Different Tissues

scholarly journals Broadening the problem agenda of biological individuality: individual differences, uniqueness and temporality

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie I. Kaiser ◽  
Rose Trappes
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Biological Individuality ◽  
Problem Agenda

AbstractBiological individuality is a notoriously thorny topic for biologists and philosophers of biology. In this paper we argue that biological individuality presents multiple, interconnected questions for biologists and philosophers that together form a problem agenda. Using a case study of an interdisciplinary research group in ecology, behavioral and evolutionary biology, we claim that a debate on biological individuality that seeks to account for diverse practices in the biological sciences should be broadened to include and give prominence to questions about uniqueness and temporality. We show that broadening the problem agenda of biological individuality draws attention to underrecognized philosophical issues and discussions and thereby organizes and enriches the existing debate.

Electron Microscopy Methods and Protocols (Volume 17 of the Series on Methods in Molecular Biology), Edited by M.A. Nasser Hajibagheri 1999. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. xi + 281 pages. ($89.50)

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 373-373
Author(s):  
Moise Bendayan
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
To Come ◽  
Molecular Morphology

At first glance, this book seems to come up short with regard to the application of electron microscopy in biological sciences. However, one has to consider that it is part of a series on molecular biology. The purpose here was not to collect a large variety of techniques related to electron microscopy but rather to focus on methods in molecular morphology. In this context, the book offers 15 short (some very short) chapters dealing with morphological approaches related to and used in molecular biology.

The Evidence for Reduced Glyphosate Efficacy on Acetolactate Synthase–Inhibiting Herbicide-Resistant Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus)

Weed Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-398
Author(s):  
Parsa Tehranchian ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Matheus Palhano ◽  
Nicholas E. Korres ◽  
Scott McElroy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Epsps Gene ◽  
Treated Leaf ◽  
Als Inhibitors

A yellow nutsedge biotype (Res) from an Arkansas rice field has evolved resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides. TheResbiotype previously exhibited cross-resistance to ALS inhibitors from four chemical families (imidazolinone, pyrimidinyl benzoate, sulfonylurea, and triazolopyrimidine). Experiments were conducted to evaluate alternative herbicides (i.e., glyphosate, bentazon, propanil, quinclorac, and 2,4-D) currently labeled in Arkansas rice–soybean production systems. Based on the percentage of aboveground dry weight reduction, control of the yellow nutsedge biotypes with the labeled rate of bentazon, propanil, quinclorac, and 2,4-D was < 44%. Glyphosate (867 g ae ha−1) resulted in 68 and > 94% control of theResand susceptible yellow nutsedge biotypes, respectively, at 28 d after treatment. Dose-response studies were conducted to estimate the efficacy of glyphosate on theResbiotype, three susceptible yellow nutsedge biotypes, and purple nutsedge. Based on the dry weights, theResbiotype was ≥ 5- and ≥ 1.3-fold less responsive to glyphosate compared to the susceptible biotypes and purple nutsedge, respectively. Differences in absorption and translocation of radiolabeled glyphosate were observed among the yellow nutsedge biotypes and purple nutsedge. The susceptible biotype had less14C-glyphosate radioactivity in the tissues above the treated leaf and greater radioactivity in tissues below the treated leaf compared to theResbiotype and purple nutsedge. Reduced translocation of glyphosate in tissues below the treated leaf of theResbiotype could be a reason for the lower glyphosate efficacy in theResbiotype. No amino acid substitution that would correspond to glyphosate resistance was found in the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene of theResbiotype. However, an amino acid (serine) addition was detected in the EPSPS gene of theResbiotype; albeit, it is not believed that this addition contributes to lower efficacy of glyphosate in this biotype.

scholarly journals L-DOPA Trends in Different Tissues at Early Stages of Vicia faba Growth: Effect of Tyrosine Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Oviedo-Silva ◽  
Mhartyn Elso-Freudenberg ◽  
Mario Aranda-Bustos
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Growth Effect ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Nonprotein Amino Acid ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Gpx Activity ◽  
Different Tissues

The nonprotein amino acid Levo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) has insecticidal, allelochemical, and antiparkinsonian effects. The aim of this research was to assess L-DOPA content in different tissues of Vicia faba (cv. Super Agua Dulce), and to verify if treatment with the phenolic amino acid L-4-hydroxyphenylalanine (tyrosine) had an effect on such content. Under light germination, control and tyrosine-treated early seedling stages of V. faba were studied and L-DOPA was quantified spectrophotometrically (Arnow’s method) and by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), as well. Additionally, tyrosinase (TYROX) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activities (considered markers of a phenolic compounds metabolism) were quantified as germination proceeded. Different organs (roots, sprouts, and seeds) and different developmental stages were considered. Steady high L-DOPA concentrations were found in untreated sprouts and roots compared to seeds, as time progressed. While TYROX activity was not detected in these experiments, GPX had diverse trends. In control tissues, GPX increased in seed tissue as germination progressed, whereas in roots and sprouts, a decreasing GPX activity was observed. Tyrosine exposure decreased L-DOPA content, and decreased or did not change GPX activity (depending on the organ). Both Arnow’s and HPTLC methods were consistent in terms of tendencies, except for the scarce contents found in seeds, in which HPTLC was more sensitive. The richest source of L-DOPA was found in shoots (untreated), reaching as high as 125 mg g−1 DW (12% in DW) (the highest content reported in fava bean seedlings until now), whereas the smallest L-DOPA content was found in seeds. The importance of light germination conditions is discussed in terms of L-DOPA yield and from a physiological perspective. It is concluded that V. faba (cv. Super Agua Dulce) shoots are a good source of L-DOPA and that tyrosine addition (0.55 mM) decreases L-DOPA content in actively growing tissues (shoots and roots).

scholarly journals Example of Adverse Outcome Pathway Concept Enabling Genome-to-Phenome Discovery in Toxicology

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt A Gust ◽  
Qing Ji ◽  
Xiao Luo
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Adverse Outcome ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Adverse Outcome Pathway ◽  
Biological Organization

Synopsis The following article represents a mini-review of an intensive 10-year progression of genome-to-phenome (G2P) discovery guided by the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) concept. This example is presented as a means to stimulate crossover of this toxicological concept to enhance G2P discovery within the broader biological sciences community. The case study demonstrates the benefits of the AOP approach for establishing causal linkages across multiple levels of biological organization ultimately linking molecular initiation (often at the genomic scale) to organism-level phenotypes of interest. The case study summarizes a US military effort to identify the mechanism(s) underlying toxicological phenotypes of lethargy and weight loss in response to nitroaromatic munitions exposures, such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. Initial key discoveries are described including the toxicogenomic results that nitrotoluene exposures inhibited expression within the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPARα) pathway. We channeled the AOP concept to test the hypothesis that inhibition of PPARα signaling in nitrotoluene exposures impacted lipid metabolic processes, thus affecting systemic energy budgets, ultimately resulting in body weight loss. Results from a series of transcriptomic, proteomic, lipidomic, in vitro PPARα nuclear signaling, and PPARα knock-out investigations ultimately supported various facets of this hypothesis. Given these results, we next proceeded to develop a formalized AOP description of PPARα antagonism leading to body weight loss. This AOP was refined through intensive literature review and polished through multiple rounds of peer-review leading to final international acceptance as an Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development-approved AOP. Briefly, that AOP identifies PPARα antagonist binding as the molecular initiating event (MIE) leading to a series of key events including inhibition of nuclear transactivation for genes controlling lipid metabolism and ketogenesis, inhibition of fatty acid beta-oxidation and ketogenesis dynamics, negative energy budget, and ultimately the adverse outcome (AO) of body-weight loss. Given that the PPARα antagonism MIE represented a reliable indicator of AO progression within the pathway, a phylogenetic analysis was conducted which indicated that PPARα amino acid relatedness generally tracked species relatedness. Additionally, PPARα amino acid relatedness analysis using the Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility predicted susceptibility to the MIE across vertebrates providing context for AOP extrapolation across species. Overall, we hope this illustrative example of how the AOP concept has benefited toxicology sows a seed within the broader biological sciences community to repurpose the concept to facilitate enhanced G2P discovery in biology.

scholarly journals Temperature-sensitive recombinant subtilisin protease variants that efficiently degrade molecular biology enzymes

2020 ◽  
Vol 367 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa C Thompson ◽  
Bailey E McGuire ◽  
Mia S Frier ◽  
Max S G Legg ◽  
Tyler W Dyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Temperature Stability ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Nickel Affinity Chromatography ◽  
Fold Reduction ◽  
Single Amino Acid Change ◽  
Secreted Proteases ◽  
Encoding Gene

ABSTRACT We used error-prone PCR to generate mutations in a subtilisin protease-encoding gene, and screened for recombinants that expressed temperature-sensitive (TS) variants. From the dozens of mutations that we detected in the recombinant genes we found that those mutations that affected aspartate-75 had the most profound effect on temperature stability. We thus focused our analysis on two variants of subtilisin C, the more heat-sensitive variant 24 (V24), with amino acid changes D75G, L234M and Q274P; and variant 25 (V25), with a single amino acid change, D75A. For V24 a two log-fold reduction in activity occurs in under 10 min at 50°C. For V25, a two log-fold reduction occurs at 60°C, a temperature that reduces the activity of the wild type enzyme by about 30%. The V24 variant fully inactivates enzymes commonly used in molecular biology research and in molecular diagnostics, and is stabilized against autolysis with propylene glycol concentrations of 10% or greater. The subtilisin variants are produced by a strain of Bacillus subtilis that lacks expression of its native secreted proteases, and the variants can be isolated from the supernatants using nickel affinity chromatography.

Biochemical Features, Molecular Biology and Clinical Relevance of the Human 15-Domain Serine Proteinase Inhibitor LEKTI

2002 ◽  
Vol 383 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 1139-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Walden ◽  
P. Kreutzmann ◽  
K. Drögemüller ◽  
H. John ◽  
W.-G. Forssmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Proteinase Inhibitor ◽  
Serine Proteinase ◽  
Congenital Disease ◽  
Serine Proteinase Inhibitor ◽  
Netherton Syndrome ◽  
Amino Acid Peptide ◽  
Biochemical Features

Abstract Based on the isolation of a 55 amino acid peptide from human hemofiltrate, we cloned the cDNA for a novel human 15-domain serine proteinase inhibitor termed LEKTI. A trypsininhibiting activity was demonstrated for three different domains. High levels of expression of the corresponding gene were detected in oral mucosa, followed by the tonsils, parathyroid glands, thymus, and trachea. Hovnanian and coworkers recently found that certain mutations within the LEKTI gene are linked to the severe congenital disease Netherton syndrome and atopic manifestations (including asthma). Thus, a future therapeutic use of LEKTI is conceivable.

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