Determining an ANN pre-treatment algorithm to predict water content of moss using RGB intensities

Nausea and vomiting are common and distressing symptoms of cancer and its treatments. Treatment-related nausea and vomiting are covered in depth, including pre-treatment assessment, the emetogenic level of chemotherapy drugs, and pharmacological management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. An evidence-based treatment algorithm is described, covering the wide range of possible anti-emetics. Non-pharmacological options are also described. There is also a section on anticipatory nausea and vomiting. Nausea and vomiting in advanced cancer are covered separately. The multifactorial nature of this is discussed, with a focus on different anti-emetic regimes, as well as nursing management, including detailed assessment and ongoing nutritional and psychological support.

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Studies on the Status of Unburnt Eucalyptus Woodland at Ocean Grove, Victoria. V. The Interactive Effects of Droughting and Shading on Seedlings Under Competition.

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt9790285 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 285 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

JR Withers

Keyword(s):

Water Potential ◽

Water Content ◽

Drought Resistance ◽

Relative Water Content ◽

Height Growth ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Wide Range ◽

Relative Water ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Grass Sward

Casuarina littoralis seedlings are inherently more drought-resistant than Eucalyptus ovata seedlings over a wide range of environmental conditions. Moderate shade pre-treatment (30% of full daylight) decreased the drought resistance of seedlings of E. ovata, Acacia pycnantha and C. stricta but not that of C. littoralis seedlings. Deep shade pre-treatment (8 % of full daylight) decreased the drought resistance of all species and was associated with decreased rootlshoot ratios. Both shaded and non-shaded C. littoralis seedlings closed stomata at higher relative water contents (about 80% and 88 % respectively) than did E. ovata seedlings (about 36 % and 63 % respectively). Shading decreased the relative water content at which E. ovata closed stomata and reduced the relative decrease in water potential which occurred with unit decreases in relative water content. When E. ovata and C. littoralis seedlings were grown in competition, the larger E. ovata dominated the drought response of plants under both high and low light conditions. E. ovata rapidly depleted moisture supplies thereby subjecting C. littoralis to greater stress and earlier death than it experienced in monoculture. C. littoralis seedlings grown and droughted in competition with E. ovata exhibited smaIIer decreases in water potential per unit decrease in relative water content than seedlings grown in monoculture. The height growth of E. ovata grown in monoculture and in competition with C. littoralis was reduced for at least 10-15 weeks after the wilting treatment, but height growth of C. littoralis was not affected. Eucalypts wilted at higher water potentials (-4.3 MPa) than did C. littoralis seedlings (- 6.3 MPa). It is suggested that the replacement of E. ovata by C. littoralis at Ocean Grove, Vic. may be partly due to the differential effects of shading on the drought resistance of seedlings which become established in the grass sward of canopy gaps.

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Pemanfaatan Ampas Tahu Sebagai Bahan Baku Pembuatan Biodiesel

Jurnal Akademika Kimia ◽

10.22487/j24775185.2016.v5.i3.8048 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 140

Author(s):

Trisnawati Trisnawati ◽

Daud K. Walanda ◽

Irwan Said

Keyword(s):

Methyl Ester ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Water Content ◽

Vegetable Oil ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Raw Material ◽

National Standard ◽

Biodiesel Quality ◽

Pre Treatment

Biodiesel is an alternative raw material for fuel of diesel motor made from vegetable oil. This study attempted to utilize tofu dregs as raw material for biodiesel. This study aimed to determine the yield of biodiesel produced and the content of methyl esters in the biodiesel yield, and to analyze the quality of biodiesel produced based on Indonesian national standard (SNI). This study consisted of four stages: the provision of samples, pre-treatment, esterification and transesterification, and analysis of the quality of biodiesel produced which include the density at 15 °C, the viscosity at 40 °C, and the moisture content. The results showed that the yield of biodiesel was 4.01%, and the content of methyl ester shown by larger Rf (0.87) using eluent of hexane:diethylether:formic acid. Results of the analysis of biodiesel quality obtained the density at 15°C was 864 kg/m3, the viscosity at 40 °C was 2.57 mm2/s, and the water content was 4%. Based on the parameters ofthe density at 15 °C and the viscosity at 40 °C, the product of biodiesel met the requirements of SNI, while in term of the water content the product did not meet the requirements of SNI.

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Gadolinium Chloride Attenuates Sepsis-Induced Pulmonary Apoptosis and Acute Lung Injury

ISRN Inflammation ◽

10.5402/2012/393481 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Osama A. Kishta ◽

Peter Goldberg ◽

Sabah N. A. Husain

Keyword(s):

Acute Lung Injury ◽

Lung Injury ◽

Water Content ◽

Interleukin 1 ◽

Gadolinium Chloride ◽

Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Lung Water ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Lung Water Content

Gadolinium chloride (GdCl3), a Kupffer cells inhibitor, attenuates acute lung injury; however, the mechanisms behind this effect are not completely elucidated. We tested the hypothesis that GdCl3 acts through the inhibition of lung parenchymal cellular apoptosis. Two groups of rats were injected intraperitoneally with saline or E. coli lipopolysaccharide. In two additional groups, rats were injected with GdCl3 24 hrs prior to saline or LPS administration. At 12 hrs, lung injury, inflammation, and apoptosis were studied. Lung water content, myeloperoxidase activity, pulmonary apoptosis and mRNA levels of interleukin-1β, -2, -5, -6, -10 and TNF-α rose significantly in LPS-injected animals. Pretreatment with GdCl3 significantly reduced LPS-induced elevation of pulmonary water content, myeloperoxidase activity, cleaved caspase-3 intensity, and attenuated pulmonary TUNEL-positive cells. GdCl3 pre-treatment upregulated IL-1β, -2 and -10 pulmonary gene expression without significantly affecting the others. These results suggest that GdCl3 attenuates acute lung injury through its effects on pulmonary parenchymal apoptosis.

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Field test of methane fermentation system for treating swine wastes

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2002.0415 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 45 (12) ◽

pp. 103-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

N. Kataoka ◽

T. Suzuki ◽

K. Ishida ◽

N. Yamada ◽

N. Kurata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Field Test ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Screw Press ◽

Methane Content ◽

Test Plant ◽

Methane Fermentation ◽

Fermentation System ◽

Ignition Loss ◽

Pre Treatment

A methane fermentation system for treating swine wastes was developed and successfully demonstrated in a field test plant (0.5 m3/d). The system was composed of a screw-press dehydrator, a methanogenic digester, a sludge separator, an oxidation ditch (OD) and composting equipment. A performance evaluation was carried out regarding physical pre-treatment using the screw-press dehydrator, methane fermentation for pre-treated slurry, and post-treatment for digested effluent by OD. Total solids (TS) and chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) removal by the screw-press pre-treatment were 38% and 22%, respectively. Properties of the screenings were as follows: water content 57%, ignition loss 93%, specific gravity 0.33. The pretreated strong slurry was digested under mesophilic conditions. Digestion gas (biogas) production rate was 25 m3/m3-slurry (NTP) and methane content of the biogas was 67%. CODCr removal of 65% with methane fermentation treatment of the slurry operating at 35°C was observed. No inhibition of methane fermentation reaction occurred at the NH4+-N concentration of 3,000 mg/l or less during methane fermentation by the system. Mass balance from the present pilot-scale study showed that 1m3 of mixture of excrement and urine of swine waste (TS 90 kg/m3) was biologically converted to 25 m3/m3-slurry (NTP) of biogas (methane content 67%), 100 kg of compost (water content 40%, ignition loss 75%), and 0.80 m3 of treated water (SS 30-70 mg/l).

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Autoclave pre-treatment of foliage – Effects of temperature, residence time and water content on solid biofuel properties

Renewable Energy ◽

10.1016/j.renene.2021.02.090 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 171 ◽

pp. 275-286

Author(s):

Tim Kulbeik ◽

Marvin Scherzinger ◽

Isabel Höfer ◽

Martin Kaltschmitt

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Residence Time ◽

Solid Biofuel ◽

Effects Of Temperature ◽

Pre Treatment

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Analisis Parameter Fisika dan Kimia Karaginan Kappaphycus alvarezii Doty 1985 (Florideophyceae : Solieriaceae) Dengan Variasi Ekstraksi dari Perairan Bluto

Journal of Marine Research ◽

10.14710/jmr.v8i4.25275 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 409-415

Author(s):

Nursiana Suci Wulandari ◽

Rini Pramesti ◽

AB. Susanto

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Alkaline Solution ◽

Kappaphycus Alvarezii ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Gel Strength ◽

Ash Content ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Kappa Carrageenan

Kappaphycus alvarezii merupakan rumput laut merah penghasil karaginan yang dimanfaatkan dalam berbagai industri dan diperoleh melalui ekstraksi. Ekstraksi umumnya menggunakan larutan alkali sebagai pelarut dalam proses pemanasan maupun perendaman. Ekstraksi tanpa larutan alkali masih jarang dilakukan. Ekstraksi cara alkali, non-alkali maupun pre-treatment alkali mempengaruhi kualitas karaginan sehingga penelitian ini perlu dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian untuk memperoleh karaginan kualitas terbaik dari 3 metode ekstraksi. Parameter yang diambil meliputi rendemen, kadar air, kadar abu, kekuatan gel, viskositas dan analisis FTIR. Karaginan dihasilkan melalui ekstraksi secara alkali dengan pemanasan KOH, pre-treatment alkali dengan perendaman KOH sebelum pemanasan dan ekstraksi native pemanasan dengan air suling. Hasil penelitian didapatkan nilai rendemen terbaik dengan metode alkali (36,68±2,33%). Kadar air terbaik metode pre-treatment (3,91±0,84%). Kadar abu terbaik metode alkali (32,7±2,42%). Kekuatan gel terbaik dengan metode alkali (519±29,01g/cm2). Viskositas terbaik metode native (70,43±0,74 cPs). Hasil FTIR menunjukkan sampel yang dihasilkan jenis kappa karaginan. Kappaphycus alvarezii produces carrageenan which is widely used for industrial and obtained through extraction. Generally the extraction is using an alkaline solution as a solvent of heating or soaking process. Extraction without alkaline solution is infrequently performed. Different extraction methods affect the quality of the carrageenan, therefore the research has to be done. The purpose of this research is to obtain the best quality carrageenan from 3 different extraction methods. The parameters performed yield, water content, ash content, gel strength, viscosity and FTIR analysis. Carrageenan are produced through alkaline extraction treatment with KOH, pre-treatment alkaline with KOH and native extraction with distilled water. The results showed the best yield was alkaline method (36.68±2.33%), the best water content was pre-treatment method (3.91±0.84%), the best ash content was the alkaline method (32.7±2.42%), the best gel strength was the alkaline method (519 ± 29.01g/cm2), the best viscosity was the native method (70.43±0.74 cPs). Analysis FTIR showed the samples produced kappa carrageenan.

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A potential crack region method to detect crack using image processing of multiple thresholding

Signal Image and Video Processing ◽

10.1007/s11760-021-02123-w ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Cheng Chen ◽

Hyungjoon Seo ◽

ChangHyun Jun ◽

Yang Zhao

Keyword(s):

Treatment Algorithm ◽

Histogram Equalization ◽

Pavement Distress ◽

Region Method ◽

Road Pavement ◽

Traffic Lane ◽

Local Threshold ◽

Global Threshold ◽

Segmentation Methods ◽

Pre Treatment

AbstractIn this paper, a potential crack region method is proposed to detect road pavement cracks by using the adaptive threshold. To reduce the noises of the image, the pre-treatment algorithm was applied according to the following steps: grayscale processing, histogram equalization, filtering traffic lane. From the image segmentation methods, the algorithm combines the global threshold and the local threshold to segment the image. According to the grayscale distribution characteristics of the crack image, the sliding window is used to obtain the window deviation, and then, the deviation image is segmented based on the maximum inter-class deviation. Obtain a potential crack region and then perform a local threshold-based segmentation algorithm. Real images of pavement surface were used at the Su Tong Li road in Suzhou, China. It was found that the proposed approach could give a more explicit description of pavement cracks in images. The method was tested on 509 images of the German asphalt pavement distress (Gap) dataset: The test results were found to be promising (precision = 0.82, recall = 0.81, F1 score = 0.83).

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