Ultrasound for the Generalist

2021 ◽  

Point of care ultrasound is a critical tool required for assessing all patients, providing rapid answers to clinical questions and facilitating high quality care for patients. This essential guide caters for all generalist clinicians beginning their ultrasound journey and extends to more advanced assessments for those with established ultrasound experience wishing to advance their knowledge and skills. It covers a wide range of ultrasound topics from echocardiography, thoracic and COVID-19 to emerging areas such as palliative care, hospital at home and remote and austere medicine. An extensive collection of colour images, videos and examples of clinical applications will inspire readers to acquire the skills of point of care ultrasound quickly, safely and systematically. The printed code on the inside of the cover provides access to an online version on Cambridge Core. An essential aid for acute clinicians, paramedics, general practitioners as well as remote medical providers, medical educators and students.

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-57
Author(s):  
Ben Chadwick ◽  
◽  
Nick Murch ◽  
Anika Wijewardane ◽  
◽  
...  

Editor- Thank you for giving us the opportunity to respond to the letter received regarding the Joint Royal College of Physicians Training Board (JRCPTB) curriculum for Acute Internal Medicine (AIM) that has previously been circulated for comment and consideration of implementation in August 2022. Dr Williamson is correct in asserting that the proposed curriculum hopes to produce doctors with generic professional and specialty specific capabilities needed to manage patients presenting with a wide range of medical symptoms and conditions. It does aim to produce a workforce that reflects the current trends of increasing patient attendances to both primary care and emergency departments- one that has a high level of diagnostic reasoning, the ability to manage uncertainty, deal with co-morbidities and recognise when specialty input is required in a variety of settings, including ambulatory and critical care. Contrary to the situation described in the correspondence, the new curriculum does not move away from each trainee being required to develop a specialist skill, such as medical education, management, stroke medicine or focused echocardiography. Trainees will still need to acquire competency in a specialist skill for their final 36 months of their training programme, usually after they have completed their Point of Care Ultrasound (POCUS) certification. The thinking behind introducing mandatory POCUS in the curriculum is that: POCUS is in the proposed curricula for intensive care medicine, respiratory medicine and emergency medicine, therefore we feel that in order to recruit the best trainees it is imperative POCUS training is offered as standard As evidenced by the trainee surveys, they often do not get allocated time to develop their specialist skill, especially in the early years of Higher Specialty Training before they often have decided on a particular skill. The introduction of mandatory POCUS training should legtimise time off the ward to obtain this skill early in training. POCUS is becoming more and more standardised in 21st Century acute care alongside the reducing costs of Ultrasound probe e.g. Philips Lumify and Butterfly iQ which are compatible with smart phones POCUS has been heralded as the fifth pillar of examination (observation, palpation, percussion, auscultation, insonation)1 The proposed curriculum therefore facilitates trainees to have regular dedicated time to develop interests inside or outside acute medicine to supplement their professional experience and training. This will also enable trainees to have time away from the ‘front door’ high intensity acute care. Mandatory POCUS will continue to set AIM training apart from other physician training programmes and continue to attract high quality trainees to apply to the specialty. Formal feedback seen at the SAC meeting in October 2019 to the draft curriculum (personal correspondence from JRCPTB) showed a positive response from nine individuals, an ambivalent one from two people, and only two against the introduction of formal POCUS training in the curriculum. Point of Care Ultrasound will likely be a welcome addition to the curriculum and will benefit patients, trainees and front door services up and down the country. Concerns regarding supervision are being addressed by the POCUS working group, in anticipation of the lead in period of well over two years. It is anticipated that most trainees can achieve POCUS sign off (e.g. Focused Acute Medical Ultrasound) in 6 to 12 months (personal correspondence Nick Smallwood from POCUS working group). With ongoing concerns regarding recruitment and retention in Acute Internal Medicine we agree strongly that with POCUS inclusion, we have a further selling point for AIM training.


CJEM ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (S1) ◽  
pp. S92-S92
Author(s):  
L. Farnell ◽  
A.K. Hall ◽  
C. McKaigney

Introduction: Previous investigations of the diagnostic accuracy of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) in distal radius fractures (DRF) report a wide range of sensitivities (71%-98%) and specificities (73%-100%) when performed by medical professionals, which may reflect inconsistencies in POCUS training or sonographer experience. The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of POCUS performed by pre-clerkship medical students with minimal POCUS training compared to standard radiography in diagnosing DRF in adult patients with traumatic wrist injuries, in order to assess POCUS as an alternative to traditional radiographic imaging. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted from June to September 2015. The study population consisted of adults presenting to the emergency department (ED) with distal forearm pain secondary to traumatic injury within the past seven days and for whom radiographic imaging was ordered. Patients were evaluated using POCUS performed by medical students with no prior experience who had received one hour of POCUS training taught by an emergency ultrasound fellowship-trained ED physician. A pre-test probability of fracture was stratified as low or high and documented independently by the treating physician. Students were blinded to pre-test probability and radiography results. Results: Of the 52 patients enrolled, 18 had DRF diagnosed by radiographic imaging. Compared to radiography, student-performed POCUS had 72% overall sensitivity (95% CI, 47%-90%) and 85% specificity (95% CI, 69%-95%), with 81% overall accuracy. In the high pre-test probability group (N = 20), POCUS had 80% sensitivity (95% CI, 52%-96%) and 60% specificity (95% CI, 15%-95%). In the low pre-test probability group (N = 32), POCUS had 33% sensitivity (95% CI, 1%-91%) and 90% specificity (95% CI, 73%-98%). Conclusion: POCUS performed by medical students demonstrated reasonable success in diagnosing DRF, with overall sensitivity and specificity in keeping with published data. Within the low pre-test probability group, the diagnostic accuracy of POCUS suggests that ultrasound was an unreliable alternative to radiographic imaging for DRF in this cohort. Future analysis of the factors leading to DRF missed by POCUS as being related to adequacy of POCUS training, image capture, or sonographer experience will further explore the utility of POCUS as a diagnostic alternative.


POCUS Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
Peter Gutierrez ◽  
Tal Berkowitz ◽  
Lekha Shah ◽  
Stephanie G. Cohen

We aim to quantify and categorize point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) usage by pediatric practitioners and trainees at our tertiary care center, and assess the degree of interest from pediatric residents, fellows, and program leaders for integrating POCUS into their training. Data was collected via online survey, evaluating the current use of POCUS in clinical decision making, desire for further formal training, and opinions on the importance of POCUS to future clinical practice. In total, 14 program directors/assistant program directors (PD/APDs) representing 10 of 15 training programs, 30 of 95 fellows representing 9 of 15 fellowships, and 32 of 82 residents responded. From PD/APDs, only 2 of the programs reported active use POCUS for clinical decision making, but 13 of the fellows and 9 residents reported doing so. In regard to desire for a formal POCUS program, 30.8% of PD/APDs, 43.8% of fellows without current curricula, and 87.5% of residents were interested in participating in such a program. When considering specialty, some non-acute care-based PD/APDs and fellows at our institution felt that POCUS was important to future practice. Pediatric subspecialty PD/APDs and their fellows had divergent outlooks on the importance of POCUS in future practice. Finally, an overwhelming majority of residents at our institution expressed a desire to learn, and half believing it will be important to future practice. Based on the degree of interest, medicolegal considerations, and trajectory of patient care, pediatric residency and fellowship programs should strongly consider integrating POCUS education into their curricula.


2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-56
Author(s):  
Adam Williamson ◽  

Editor- I note with interest that the Joint Royal College of Physicians Training Board curriculum for Acute Internal Medicine (AIM) has been reviewed and circulated for comment and consideration of implementation in August 2022. The proposed curriculum hopes to produce doctors with generic professional and specialty specific capabilities needed to manage patients presenting with a wide range of medical symptoms and conditions. It aims to produce a workforce that reflects the current trends of increasing patient attendances to bothprimary care and emergency departments- one that has a high level of diagnostic reasoning, the ability to manage uncertainty, deal with comorbidities and recognise when specialty input is require in a variety of settings, including ambulatory and critical care. The new curriculum moves away from each trainee being required to develop a specialist skill, such as medical education, echocardiography or endoscopy throughout their training1, to trainees acquiring competencies in a specialist theme for their final 24 to 30 months of their training programme after they have completed their Point of Care Ultrasound certification. The current curriculum allows trainees to have regular dedicated time to develop interests inside or outside acute medicine to supplement their professional experience and training. This often allows trainees time away from the ‘front door’, can be welcomed break from high intensity acute care and uniquely offers trainee physicians flexibility in their training programmes and curriculum requirements. This sets acute medicine training apart from other physician training programmes and can attract trainees to apply to the specialty. It also addresses Shape of Training recommendations, which suggest more flexibility and choice in career structure for postgraduate doctors.2 Point of Care Ultrasound will undoubtedly be a welcome addition to the curriculum and will benefit patients, trainees and front door services up and down the country.3 However, concerns regarding supervision and maintenance of competency exist.4 More importantly, time spent gaining competency in this before pursuing an interest in an additional area or procedure will offer trainees less time to attain accreditation in some of the existing specialist skills currently available. With ongoing concerns regarding recruitment and retention in Acute Internal Medicine5 we should be careful that we do not lose a unique selling point that acute internal medicine training offers.


Author(s):  
Paul Atkinson ◽  
Bob Jarman ◽  
Tim Harris ◽  
Rip Gangahar ◽  
David Lewis ◽  
...  

Point-of-Care Ultrasound in Emergency Medicine and Resuscitation provides a curriculum-based guide to the integration of ultrasound into everyday practice for clinicians in emergency medicine and critical care medicine and for resuscitation. In addition to describing commonly used protocols, we focus on how ultrasound can be used to help to answer specific clinical questions and provide guidance for procedures at the point of care, augmenting traditional clinical skills. This chapter introduces the general concepts of using ultrasound at the bedside, describes how to use point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS), and provides clinical scenarios as examples of where PoCUS can improve clinical care.


Author(s):  
John Karp ◽  
Karina Burke ◽  
Sarah-Marie Daubaras ◽  
Cian McDermott

AbstractThe Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic has increased the burden of stress on the global healthcare system in 2020. Point of care ultrasound (PoCUS) is used effectively in the management of pulmonary, cardiac and vascular pathologies. POCUS is the use of traditional ultrasound imaging techniques in a focused binary manner to answer a specific set of clinical questions. This is an imaging technique that delivers no radiation, is inexpensive, ultraportable and provides results instantaneously to the physician operator at the bedside. In regard to the pandemic, PoCUS has played a significant adjunctive role in the diagnosis and management of co-morbidities associated with COVID-19. PoCUS also offers an alternative method to image obstetric patients and the pediatric population safely in accordance with the ALARA principle. Finally, there have been numerous PoCUS protocols describing the effective use of this technology during the COVID-19 pandemic.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Rola ◽  
Francisco Miralles-Aguiar ◽  
Eduardo Argaiz ◽  
William Beaubien-Souligny ◽  
Korbin Haycock ◽  
...  

AbstractThe importance of functional right ventricular failure and resultant splanchnic venous congestion has long been under-appreciated and is difficult to assess by traditional physical examination and standard diagnostic imaging. The recent development of the venous excess ultrasound score (VExUS) and growth of point-of-care ultrasound in the last decade has made for a potentially very useful clinical tool. We review the rationale for its use in several pathologies and illustrate with several clinical cases where VExUS was pivotal in clinical management.


Author(s):  
Nils Petter Oveland ◽  
Jim Connolly

Over the last two decades, ultrasound has evolved from a modality reserved to certain medical specialties into its current state, with a diversity in both the operator background and clinical applications. This has, in large part, been due to the increasing portability and image quality of ultrasound machines, combined with decreased cost of systems, as well as the fact that physicians from different specialties can become very adept at using ultrasound for diagnostic and procedural applications relevant to their medical field. These characteristics add the aspect for operators to make bedside diagnostic and therapeutic decisions in real time, without having to take the patients out of their environment. Point-of-care ultrasound is therefore a particularly attractive modality in pre-hospital settings as an extension of the comprehensive Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, and Exposure/Extremities (ABCDE) resuscitation.


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