scholarly journals AI, Norms, Big Data, and the Law

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Håkan HYDÉN
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Advanced Practice ◽  
Technical Instruction ◽  
Crucial Difference ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Digital Development ◽  
Singularity Point ◽  
Technical Sense

Abstract This is an overview article regarding artificial intelligence (AI) and its potential normative implications. Technology has always had inherent normative consequences not least due to AI and the use of algorithms. There is a crucial difference between algorithms in a technical sense and from a social-science perspective. It is a question of different orders of normativity—the first related to the algorithm as a technical instruction and the second to the consequences springing from the first order. I call these last-mentioned norms algo norms. These are embedded in the technology and determined by the design of the AI. The outcome is an empirical question. AI and algo norms are moving targets, which call for a novel scientific approach that relates to advanced practice. Law actualizes primarily for preventive reasons in relation to negative aspects of the new technology. No major regulatory scheme for AI exists. In the article, I point out some areas that raise the need for legal regulation. Finally, I comment on three main challenges for the digital development in relation to AI: (1) the energy costs; (2) the singularity point; and (3) the governance problems.

scholarly journals The mechanism of regulatory sandboxes for introducing digital innovations: the practice of implementing experimental legal regimes at national and supranational levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 130-138
Author(s):  
E. B. Zavyalova ◽  
D. D. Krykanov ◽  
K. A. Patrunina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Digital Development ◽  
Effective Instrument ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Legal Mechanism

Introduction. The legal mechanism of regulatory sandboxes is implemented in a number of countries to foster the development of the digital economy. Regulatory sandboxes act as a legal mechanism that allows introducing a special legal regime for new products and services and conducting experiments (with certain restrictions) with their practical usage without violating the national law. The national program “The Digital Economy of the Russian Federation” sets the goal of the development of digital innovations and the corresponding legal regulation. The implementation of transnational strategies of digital development for the EAEU, the CIS, BRICS is considered as a new challenge to the common economic development.Materials and methods. The research is based on the national and international legal acts as well as on national and international strategies of economic development. Among the methods used are comparison, generalization, qualitative and descriptive analysis and case-study method.Results. The study has identified the main forms of regulatory experiments that are implemented in the modern practice of public regulation. The paper proves that the various forms of regulatory experiments (including regulatory sandboxes) are an effective instrument of regulation of the digital innovations. The authors have found the main pass through technologies that are the object of experimental regulation in international practice. The paper sets the criteria for a successful implementation of the concept of supranational regulatory sandboxes that are implemented in several jurisdictions simultaneously.Discussion and conclusion. The study described the main patterns of implementation of regulatory sandboxes for digital innovations; the main characteristics of the regulatory sandboxes’ design were revealed; the general economic activities that can be enhanced by the instrument of regulatory sandboxes for digital innovations were defined.

scholarly journals Technological Innovation in Biomass Energy for the Sustainable Growth of Textile Industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonel Nunes ◽  
Radu Godina ◽  
João Matias
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Steam Generation

The growing increase in world energy consumption favors the search for renewable energy sources. One of the existing options for the growth and sustainable development of such types of sources is through the use of biomass as an input. The employment of biomass as solid fuel is widely studied and is no longer a novelty nor presents any difficulty from the technical point of view. It presents, however, logistic obstacles, thus not allowing their direct dissemination in every organization that is willing to replace it as an energy source. Use of biomass can be rewarding due to the fact that it can bring significant economic gains attained due to the steadiness of the biomass price in Portugal. However, the price may rise as predicted in the coming years, although it will be a gradual rising. The main goal of this study was to analyze whether biomass in the case of the Portuguese textile industry can be a viable alternative that separates the possibility of sustainable growth from the lack of competitiveness due to high energy costs. The study showed that biomass can be a reliable, sustainable and permanent energy alternative to more traditional energy sources such as propane gas, naphtha and natural gas for the textile industry. At the same time, it can bring savings of 35% in energy costs related to steam generation. Also, with new technology systems related to the Internet of Things, a better on-time aware of needs, energy production and logistic chain information will be possible.

scholarly journals Evaluating the digitalization potential of agro-industrial sector of Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 935 (1) ◽  
pp. 012036
Author(s):  
O Afanaseva ◽  
V Elmov ◽  
E Ivanov ◽  
A Makushev
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Agricultural Cooperatives ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Digital Development ◽  
Reducing Costs

Abstract Best practices of farmers using modern digital technologies demonstrate high results achieved both in crop production and in animal husbandry. Efficiency is expressed in increasing the yield, labor productivity, reducing costs, and what is more, in preserving soil fertility and protecting the environment. However, the need to digitize managerial and analytical processes based on Big Data, Data Science implementation and the ability to interpret the obtained analytical material and make qualified decisions based on a scientific approach are often missed the memo. In light of this, the purpose of the study was to analyze the readiness of various company unit categories employed in the agro-industrial complex of Russia to use big data and process it. Based on the results obtained, a matrix for determining the potential for the transition of companies to the use and analytics of Big Data was built. According to the results of which, it can be argued that, on average, about 45% of the analyzed companies have a high potential for the transition to digital development, and an average level of potential is 24%. In the context of the categories of farms, the results for the surveyed agricultural cooperatives, traders and exporters are higher than the average indicators.

scholarly journals Impacto de LoRaWAN no Desempenho de Plataformas de IoT baseadas em Nuvem e Névoa Computacional

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Zyrianoff ◽  
Alexandre Heideker ◽  
Dener Ottolini Silva ◽  
João Henrique Kleinschmidt ◽  
Carlos Alberto Kamienski
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
System Performance ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Computational Aspects ◽  
Iot Platforms

LoRaWAN is a new technology that has been consolidating as a key data communication component to send data in IoT-based systems, due to its ability to send data over long distances with low energy costs. However, literature considers only wireless aspects, disregarding its computational aspects and its integration with IoT platforms, as well as ignoring the deployment possibilities that involve cloud and fog computing. In order to understand the computational impacts of the LoRa architecture we performed a careful performance evaluation study in a complex IoT scenario, exploring cloud and fog computing scenarios and integrating with the IoT FIWARE platform. The results show that the LoRaWAN architecture is scalable, but it has impacts on system performance.

scholarly journals Legal Regulation Of Social Networks: Necessity And Prospects (On The Example Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1090-1094
Author(s):  
Khujayev Shokhjakhon Akmaljon ugli
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Freedom Of Information ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Fundamental Study ◽  
Digital Development ◽  
The Republic

This article analyzes the scientific and practical issues of regulation of social networks, in particular, the issues of the need for legal regulation of social networks in the context of digital development of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Scientific novelty of research consists in the fact that the article was first explored the issues of forming legal basis of social networks, the regulation of relations in social networks, protection of rights and freedoms, interests of legal entities and the state of information security. The study is considered important from the point of view of the fundamental study of legal relations in social networks in Uzbekistan. The practical significance of this article is the possibility of using the results obtained in the course of the study in the implementation of the tasks provided for in the Laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan «On Informatization», «On the principles and guarantees of freedom of Information», «On Guarantees and freedom of access to information».

scholarly journals Trade name and trademark versus domain

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 1069-1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarmila Pokorná ◽  
Eva Večerková
Keyword(s):  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Business Activity ◽  
Domain Name ◽  
Ip Address ◽  
Domain Names ◽  
Trade Name ◽  
Versus Domain ◽  
Technical Sense ◽  
Legal Sense ◽  
Average User

Internet domains have become an integral part of our lives, so one can easily understand that during their use, conflicts can arise, whose participants will search for rules enabling resolution of conflicts. Since the domain name is a replacement of the computer IP address, in the technical sense of the word, this does not concern for domain names a commercial name or brand, because it primarily does not belong to a person in the legal sense of the word and does not serve for its individualization. The average user regularly affiliates domain names with a person offering goods or services on the relevant Website. Domain names used by entrepreneurs in their business activity are often chosen so that the second-level domain (SLD) would use words that form the trade name of corporations formed of trading companies. This fact brings domain names close to such designations that serve the individualization of persons or products, especially the trademarks and the commercial name. Domains can come into conflict with the rights to designations, especially trademarks and commercial names. Court practice is resolving these conflicts using rules for unfair competition, or rules for protection of commercial names and trademarks, but it is not ruled out that in the future, special legal regulation of domain names could be established.

scholarly journals LEGAL REGULATION OF SOCIAL NETWORKS: NECESSITY AND PROSPECTS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN)

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 3581-3586
Author(s):  
Khujayev Shokhjakhon Akmaljon ugli
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Freedom Of Information ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Fundamental Study ◽  
Digital Development ◽  
The Republic

This article analyzes the scientific and practical issues of regulation of social networks, in particular, the issues of the need for legal regulation of social networks in the context of digital development of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Scientific novelty of research consists in the fact that the article was first explored the issues of forming legal basis of social networks, the regulation of relations in social networks, protection of rights and freedoms, interests of legal entities and the state of information security. The study is considered important from the point of view of the fundamental study of legal relations in social networks in Uzbekistan. The practical significance of this article is the possibility of using the results obtained in the course of the study in the implementation of the tasks provided for in the Laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan «On Informatization», «On the principles and guarantees of freedom of Information», «On Guarantees and freedom of access to information».

Theoretical approaches to artificial intelligence regulation in the EU: experience for Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
Kateryna Yefremova
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Main Body ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Strategic Issues ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Eu

Problem setting. Legal regulation of the introduction and use of goods and services based on artificial intelligence technologies is covered by numerous areas of law, including rules on confidentiality, data security, responsibility for product quality, intellectual property and even antitrust law. These different areas of law are expected to gradually change in response to the special nature of artificial intelligence (AI). Because AI is a new technology, the legal regulation of which goes beyond the established institutions of law and approaches to the interpretation of legal norms. Analysis of resent researches and publications. The following scientists were engaged in research of the specified question: Matthew U. Schere, Allan Yeoman, Amy Ryburn, Philip Wood, Renee Stiles, Alex Chapman, Damien Steel- Baker and Keri Johansson, O. A. Baranov, O. M. Vinnyk, I. V. Yakovyuk, N.B. Patsuriia. Target of research. The aim of the article is to study European scientific approaches to identifying key strategic issues in the development of mechanisms for legal regulation of effective implementation and use of artificial intelligence. Article’s main body. The paper investigates scientific approaches to the limits of legal regulation of the introduction and use of artificial intelligence technologies. The history and practical steps on the way to the EU legal regulation on the introduction of artificial intelligence and related relations related to the use of these technologies are highlighted. The basic principles of development and use of artificial intelligence technologies are revealed, observance of which is obligatory. Conclusions and prospects for the development. The best approach to regulation should be based on risk assessment to ensure that responses to AI development are proportionate and not hamper the development of innovation as a whole. Instead of developing individual regulations at this stage, the European Commission has set out the legal requirements that any regulatory framework must meet to ensure that AI remains credible and respects the values and principles of the European Union.

scholarly journals The Impact of Bioprinting Technologies on the Development of Civil Liability

Lex Russica ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 88-99
Author(s):  
D. E. Bogdanov
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Strict Liability ◽  
Civil Liability ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Digital Design ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Human Organ ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
The Impact

Bioprinting is a new technology that allows us to overcome the shortage of human organs and tissues in transplantation. This technology, in addition to its positive effect, creates serious risks, since the negative consequences bound to arise from its active implementation remain unknown. For example, deficiencies in digital design of a digital model of a human organ or the skeleton of this organ may harm the life or health of a patient. Therefore, civil liability has become one of the main areas of legal regulation that bioprinting will have a serious impact on. Foreign law enforcement practice indicates that there are problems in determining the model of liability for harm caused in the field of additive technologies and bioprinting. The foreign science of civil law attempts to develop a scientific response to a new technological challenge, in particular, it is proposed to use a number of approaches to compensate for the damage caused by the use of bioprinting technologies. For example, it is proposed to use a special culpable tort or to compensate for damages under the strict liability model. Positions are also expressed in favor of using contractual remedies.It is necessary to take into account not only the risks that bioprinting technology creates, but also its benefits. In order to obtain a beneficial effect, the patient can voluntarily assume the risks arising from its use. Russian law has established a rule according to which compensation for harm can be refused if the harm was caused at the request or with the consent of the victim, and the actions of the harmer do not violate the moral principles of society. This rule may become very important in the future when dealing with questions on liability for harm caused to the patient due to the use of bioprinting technologies in treatment. This will require the use of other compensatory mechanisms aimed at protecting the rights of patients, such as life and health insurance when using bioprinting technologies.

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