scholarly journals Observation versus experimentation in natural-history teaching in Portuguese secondary schools: educational laws from 1836 to 1933

BJHS Themes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 147-165
Author(s):  
INÊS GOMES
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
Educational Model ◽  
History Teaching ◽  
Secular Institution ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Political Economic

AbstractThe idea that a public and secular institution was needed to prepare citizens for higher education proliferated throughout Europe during the nineteenth century. However, because of local political, economic and social contexts the underlying model of what is now meant by secondary education has developed differently in each country. This essay provides a historical account of the development of secondary education in Portugal, in what concerns the study of nature (zoology, botany, geology and mineralogy) inliceus, during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In particular, the importance given to specimens and collections will be emphasized. The emergence of laboratory-based teaching never replaced traditional approaches centred on observation of specimens. By focusing on the Portuguese case, this article aims ultimately to contribute to a broader understanding of the secondary-educational model implemented throughout Europe in the nineteenth century.

VI. Intelligence

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 26-28
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
Ancient World ◽  
Formal Training ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Family Structures ◽  
The Social ◽  
Late Nineteenth

The ancient world never made the social change which would most have altered family structures: delaying marriage for women until they had finished secondary education, and replacing marriage, for some women, with a religious or professional commitment. Perhaps it seemed too dangerous, or too unkind, to deny girls an outlet for the sexual feeling which becomes intense at puberty, or to waste their brief ‘bloom’, which was thought to begin about twelve. But the main reason was that women were thought to be unsuited to higher education. Even if they had the intelligence (which was doubtful), academic study was unfeminine and a formal training in rhetoric (the main purpose of higher education) was irrelevant, and it was all too much for them. When higher education was at last opened to women, in the late nineteenth century, they were threatened with infertility and ‘brain fever’ - and some succumbed.

scholarly journals A Student Voice Approach in Work-Related Learning. From Lesson-Learned in Secondary School to Suggestions for Higher Education

2018 ◽  
pp. 175-192
Author(s):  
Glenda Galeotti ◽  
Gilda Esposito
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Student Voice ◽  
Educational Model ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
School Work ◽  
Work Related ◽  
University Of Florence

This paper presents a research on work-related learning through School-work Alternance in Secondary Education that involved researchers of University of Florence, ten secondary Schools, public and private entities in the Province of Arezzo and La Spezia. From the analysis of three case studies, it elicits criteria for an educational model that integrates work-related learning with student voice perspective

scholarly journals University of Guadalajara: Transforming and Innovating Through Stronger Collaboration Between Higher and Upper-Secondary Education During the Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 165-180
Author(s):  
Carlos Iván Moreno ◽  
Cesar Barba Delgadillo ◽  
Miguel Ángel Sigala ◽  
Ernesto Herrera Cárdenas
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
Online Education ◽  
Secondary System ◽  
Educational Model ◽  
Upper Secondary Education ◽  
Academic Innovation ◽  
Upper Secondary ◽  
Education In Mexico ◽  
The University

AbstractThis chapter examines the context of higher education and upper-secondary education in Mexico, focusing on the role of the University of Guadalajara – the second largest in the country – and its response to the pandemic by strengthening collaboration with the upper-secondary system.During the pandemic, the lack of articulation between higher education and upper-secondary education posed a challenge for the transition to online education in the University of Guadalajara. This chapter discusses how the different initiatives advanced by the University to face this unprecedented situation helped to reduce the barriers between these levels and led to academic innovation, resulting in valuable discussions on the educational model and teaching practices for the post-Covid-19 world.Finally, the authors reflect on the views of faculty regarding the need for an innovative educational model, concluding that a closer collaboration between systems is needed for the benefit of students and faculty.

Prerequisites for the reforms of the Russian Empire in the 1860s: a historical analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10-2) ◽  
pp. 176-184
Author(s):  
Dmitry Nechevin ◽  
Leonard Kolodkin
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Political Economic

The article is devoted to the prerequisites of the reforms of the Russian Empire of the sixties of the nineteenth century, their features, contradictions: the imperial status of foreign policy and the lagging behind the countries of Western Europe in special political, economic relations. The authors studied the activities of reformers and the nobility on the peasant question, as well as legitimate conservatism.

IMPACT OF EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ON WORKERS’ INCOMES

2021 ◽  
Vol 562 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Władysław Bogdan Sztyber
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
European Union ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Oecd Data

The article presents the impact of the level of education of employees on their income in various terms. One of them is a study based on the OECD data from 2004–2005, which shows the differentiation of incomes of employees with different levels of education on the basis of the relative differentiation between them, assuming the income level of employees with upper secondary education as 100 and referring to it respectively the income level of employees with higher education and the level of income of employees with lower secondary education. The article then presents a more elaborate study of the impact of the level of education of employees on their incomes in the European Union, included in the Report “The European Higher Education Area in 2015”. This survey shows the impact of the education level of employees on the median of their gross annual income in the European Union and in the individual Member States. The article also compares the income differentiation depending on the level of education, based on the OECD data for 2004–2005, with the results of surveys on European Union Member States in 2010 and 2013.

scholarly journals Pre-service Astronomy Education of Teachers

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 1044-1045
Author(s):  
Mary Kay Hemenway
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
Teacher Preparation ◽  
Elementary Level ◽  
Secondary Teacher ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
General Science ◽  
Main Interest ◽  
Astronomy Education ◽  
The World

There is little research on elementary/secondary teacher preparation. Few teachers are called upon to teach astronomy specifically, or their astronomy teaching is peripheral to their main interest (e.g., general science at lower levels or physics at higher levels). Statistics indicate that large increases in student populations are expected throughout the world. “In 1997, 1.2 billion students were enrolled in schools around the world. Of these students, 668 million were in elementary-level programs, 398 million were in secondary programs, and 88 million were in higher education programs.” (Digest, 2002) These figures included large increases from the 1990 figures, e.g. 38% increase in secondary education and 68% in higher education for Africa, as opportunities to obtain an education and population both grew. (Digest, tables 395 and 412).

School Attendance and Truancy: A Socio-Historical Account

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Gleeson
Keyword(s):  
Research Policy ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Compulsory Education ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
State Education ◽  
Media Hype ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Level Of Analysis ◽  
Compulsory State

This paper considers ways in which truancy, as a form of social exclusion, has its origins in the history and politics of compulsory education. Despite widespread concern expressed about declining standards, rising indiscipline, incompetent teachers, outmoded curriculum and mounting truancy in the U.K., it is argued here that such issues are not new. Thus, for the purposes of the paper contemporary research, policy and media hype, premised on ‘discovery’ of declining standards of behaviour and school attendance, is questioned precisely because the level of analysis from which they begin is inadequate. Hence, two interrelated aspects of this phenomenon are considered. The first concerns a socio-historical account of compulsory education as it is mediated by the relations between family, law and economy. Here, questions regarding whose interests state education serves, and the juxtaposing of education vs schooling are considered. The second concerns the relatively recent status of mass schooling and shifting definitions as changing policy, historical, political, economic and legal conditions alter its relationship with parents, pupils and the world of work. In this respect the paper adopts an interdisciplinary approach to an inter-agency phenomenon. What the paper seeks to demonstrate is the way truancy touches on a sensitive and deeply embedded social nerve, which has its root in the very history and ethos of compulsory state education and its worth.

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