Income maintenance for the unemployed in Britain and the response to high unemployment

Unemployment is a serious problem that troubles the majority of countries in the world. The big problem is particularly long-term unemployment. Slovak economy is trying to deal with this problem already for a long time. Despite of the pronounced decline of unemployment rate in recent years, the high long-term unemployment persists in Slovakia. The aim of the article is therefore to evaluate the causes of long-term unemployment in Slovakia and its impact on the economy and on the migration of the labor force in search of work abroad. On the basis of the results of our research, we have found that one of the causes of long-term unemployment is uneven distribution of industry and a poor quality and inadequate infrastructure. This is particularly the case for unemployment in the southern and eastern Slovakia. Unemployment in Slovakia, especially in the last period, negative influences a discrepancy in the structure of the qualification and profession of unemployed people and vacancies. Another reason for the relatively high unemployment is the large number of people with low levels of education, especially in the eastern part of Slovakia. The result of high unemployment in this region are low wages, which often don not encourage these people to work, even if they would have found the job vacancy. Another reason for unemployment is sometimes unwillingness of people to migrate between regions of Slovakia for the work or travel for the work to the more distant town. This is linked with the underdeveloped and inefficient functioning of the market for rental flats. Living outside of the region of residence (in Slovakia) in most cases is significantly more expensive and therefore is not worthwhile for the unemployed people to seek the work outside their region. Therefore, many people solve the problem of unemployment and low wages in the migration for work abroad. This includes people with a lower, but also with high qualifications, who are looking for better valuation of their labour.

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Employment Policy for Regional Labor Markets

Environment and Planning C Government and Policy ◽

10.1068/c010163 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 163-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M Pfaff ◽

P Hurler

Keyword(s):

Spatial Dynamics ◽

Social Consequences ◽

Structural Factors ◽

Employment Policy ◽

High Unemployment ◽

Sectoral Structure ◽

Regional Economic Structure ◽

Regional Labor ◽

The Unemployed ◽

Persistent Unemployment

In the past, considerable attention has been paid to the global economic and social consequences of high and persistent unemployment. Regional or spatial aspects did not receive nearly as much attention. However, high unemployment rates tend to generate their own spatial dynamics. Thus a process of differentiation in the labor market takes place at two levels: First, via the spatial polarization of opportunies to earn income; second, via the incidence of high and persistent unemployment affecting particular groups, especially in ‘problem regions’, that is, in regions with high unemployment. As a consequence, ‘problem groups' of the unemployed face persistent and much higher levels of unemployment in those regions. An employment policy which attempts to operate via the demand for labor should necessarily take note of the peculiarities of each region. Thus it must be selective and specific rather than global and general in nature. Therefrom results the need for a better consideration of structural factors, such as sectoral structure, industry mix, size of enterprise, and type of enterprise, all of which influence the regional employment situation. The paper attempts to explain persistent differences in regional unemployment in terms of the regional economic structure.

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Labour market transition and experiences of unemployed graduates: An exploratory study

African Journal of Employee Relations (Formerly South African Journal of Labour Relations) ◽

10.25159/2520-3223/6705 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

Author(s):

Tinashe Harry ◽

Willie Tafadzwa Chinyamurindi

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Labour Market ◽

Narrative Analysis ◽

Education Institution ◽

Market Transition ◽

Exploratory Research ◽

High Unemployment ◽

Individual Interviews ◽

Successful School ◽

The Unemployed

Young people in countries such as South Africa are finding it difficult to make a successful school-to-work transition. This is exacerbated by high unemployment and uncertainty in the labour market. The South African government appears to be trying to implement a range of strategies and approaches to try and assist unemployed graduates. However, the onus is also on the graduate to look for ways in dealing with the uncertain labour market. The purpose of this research was to investigate the labour market transition and experiences of unemployed graduates within the context of high unemployment in South Africa. The research utilised an interpretivist philosophy hinging on the qualitative approach, and it used an exploratory research design. Further, a longitudinal technique was employed, tracing over a period of two years the labour market experiences and transitions of a sample of 30 graduates who had been enrolled at a historically disadvantaged higher education institution in South Africa. Data was collected from focus group discussions and unstructured individual interviews over this two-year period. The findings obtained through structural narrative analysis revealed that the labour market transition and experiences of the unemployed graduates were not negative only; some of the graduates had used their own resourceful techniques to deal with challenges. Based on the findings of the research and in view of the uncertain labour market, suggestions were made that would have resonance for not only individuals but also policymakers, career counsellors and institutions of higher learning.

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Time Is on My Side

Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly ◽

10.1177/0899764016628295 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 45 (6) ◽

pp. 1169-1190 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Jaclyn S. Piatak

Keyword(s):

Opportunity Cost ◽

Social Ties ◽

Complex Relationship ◽

Unemployed People ◽

High Unemployment ◽

Key Factor ◽

Duration Of Unemployment ◽

The Unemployed ◽

To Receive ◽

Over Time

In light of high unemployment and declining volunteer rates, this study examines the complex relationship between time, employment, and volunteering. Are unemployed people more likely to volunteer due to newfound time or to obtain some benefit? Alternatively, are the unemployed less likely to volunteer due to their loss of social ties or feelings of insecurity? A framework tying together four competing theories—opportunity cost, exchange, social ties, and attachment—into positive and negative influences is put forth and tested using pooled U.S. data from 2003 to 2013. The duration of unemployment emerges as a key factor, where volunteering decreases over time. Findings suggest organizations should recruit volunteers from untapped and under-represented groups, especially because the supply of volunteers is not endless. For example, unemployed volunteers devote more time but are less likely to receive an invitation to volunteer. Dedicated individuals may not volunteer simply because no one asks them.

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How effective are mobility subsidies in targeting the unemployed? Lessons from the Swedish Model, 1965–1975

Economic and Industrial Democracy ◽

10.1177/0143831x211047887 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 0143831X2110478

Author(s):

Jakob Molinder

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Labor Market ◽

The United States ◽

High Unemployment ◽

Strong Selection ◽

Swedish Model ◽

Recent Graduates ◽

The 1960S ◽

The Unemployed

The Swedish Model on the labor market has been celebrated as a way to combine mobility with low unemployment and small wage gaps. As part of the model, relocation allowances were pioneered from the late 1950s. The program expanded thereafter and as much as 1% of the population in the high-unemployment north moved with assistance in the 1960s. Today, migration incentives are discussed to address pressing unemployment problems in Europe and the United States. What can Sweden’s experience tell us about the prospects of such programs? This article studies the usage of relocation allowances through a case study of Västernorrland County from 1965 to 1975. The analysis shows that there was a strong selection into the program by younger persons, recent graduates and from sectors with good employment prospects. The experience from Sweden highlights the difficulty of implementing programs to induce migration for those with the highest risk of unemployment.

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Unemployment as one of the leading problems of depopulation in border municipalities of Banat

Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke ◽

10.2298/zmsdn1031279p ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 279-292

Author(s):

Milana Pasic ◽

Andjelija Ivkov-Dzigurski ◽

Aleksandra Dragin

Keyword(s):

Unemployment Rate ◽

Research Study ◽

Unemployed People ◽

Demographic Situation ◽

Level Of Education ◽

High Unemployment ◽

High Unemployment Rate ◽

The Unemployed ◽

Different Levels

Bordering area of the Banat region consists of nine municipalities. These municipalities border with Romania and have the furthest, peripheral eastern position in Vojvodina. Demographic situation of this area is generally not favourable and one of the main problems is high unemployment rate. In order to improve the current demographic situation, it is necessary to offer certain proposals for revitalisation. The unemployment rate could be changed with a long-term plan and its realisation conducted in several stages. What needs to be taken into account is proper planning of all activities at different levels. A research study conducted in the period from January 2007 to October 2008 shows that all bordering municipalities of Banat decreased the number of unemployed people in relation to the beginning of the year 2007. Municipality Bela Crkva has the highest percent of the unemployed, whereas Coka and Novi Knezevac have the lowest percentage. The unemployed people are mainly older categories with a lower level of education. .

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Job Search Intentions of the Unemployed in Latvia: The Role of Emotions, Motives and Prospects

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e602622012-002 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Sanita Saitere

Keyword(s):

Job Search ◽

The Unemployed

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"Jedes starre Konzept ist schlecht und passt net' in diese Welt"

PROKLA Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft ◽

10.32387/prokla.v37i148.507 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 37 (148) ◽

pp. 369-381 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Wolfgang Ludwig-Mayerhofer ◽

Ariadne Sondermann ◽

Olaf Behrend

Keyword(s):

Public Management ◽

New Public Management ◽

Qualitative Interviews ◽

Unemployed People ◽

Staff Members ◽

Public Employment Service ◽

New Public ◽

Recent Reform ◽

The Unemployed ◽

New Procedures

The recent reform of the Bundesagentur fijr Arbeit, Germany's Public Employment Service (PES), has introduced elements of New Public Management, including internal controlling and attempts at standardizing assessments ('profiling' of unemployed people) and procedures. Based on qualitative interviews with PES staff, we show that standardization and controlling are perceived as contradicting the 'case-oriented approach' used by PES staff in dealing with unemployed people. It is therefore not surprising that staff members use considerable discretion when (re-)assigning unemployed people to one of the categories pre-defined by PES headquarters. All in all, the new procedures lead to numerous contradictions, which often result in bewilderment and puzzlement on the part of the unemployed.

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