The Ebola Threat: China’s Response to the West African Epidemic and National Development of Prevention and Control Policies and Infrastructure

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao-Jun Fan ◽  
Hong-Wei Gao ◽  
Hui Ding ◽  
Bi-Ke Zhang ◽  
Shi-Ke Hou
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
National Development ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
West African ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever Virus ◽  
International Response ◽  
And Control

AbstractThere is growing concern in West Africa about the spread of the Ebola hemorrhagic fever virus. With the increasing global public health risk, a coordinated international response is necessary. The Chinese government is prepared to work in collaboration with West African countries to assist in the containment and control of the epidemic through the contribution of medical expertise and mobile laboratory testing teams. Nationally, China is implementing prevention programs in major cities and provinces, the distribution of Ebola test kits, and the deployment of a new national Ebola research laboratory. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;0:1-2)

scholarly journals The niche of One Health approaches in Lassa fever surveillance and control

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liã Bárbara Arruda ◽  
Najmul Haider ◽  
Ayodeji Olayemi ◽  
David Simons ◽  
Deborah Ehichioya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
One Health ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Lassa Fever ◽  
West African ◽  
Lassa Virus ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Rodent Host ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
And Control

AbstractLassa fever (LF), a zoonotic illness, represents a public health burden in West African countries where the Lassa virus (LASV) circulates among rodents. Human exposure hinges significantly on LASV ecology, which is in turn shaped by various parameters such as weather seasonality and even virus and rodent-host genetics. Furthermore, human behaviour, despite playing a key role in the zoonotic nature of the disease, critically affects either the spread or control of human-to-human transmission. Previous estimations on LF burden date from the 80s and it is unclear how the population expansion and the improvement on diagnostics and surveillance methods have affected such predictions. Although recent data have contributed to the awareness of epidemics, the real impact of LF in West African communities will only be possible with the intensification of interdisciplinary efforts in research and public health approaches. This review discusses the causes and consequences of LF from a One Health perspective, and how the application of this concept can improve the surveillance and control of this disease in West Africa.

The impact of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus on public health

2013 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Mertens ◽  
Katja Schmidt ◽  
Aykut Ozkul ◽  
Martin H. Groschup
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever Virus ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Emerging Antimicrobial-Resistant High-Risk Klebsiella pneumoniae Clones ST307 and ST147

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisele Peirano ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
Barry N. Kreiswirth ◽  
Johann D. D. Pitout
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Worldwide Distribution

ABSTRACT There is an enormous global public health burden due to antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) Klebsiella pneumoniae high-risk clones. K. pneumoniae ST307 and ST147 are recent additions to the family of successful clones in the species. Both clones likely emerged in Europe during the early to mid-1990s and, in a relatively short time, became prominent global pathogens, spreading to all continents (with the exception of Antarctica). ST307 and ST147 consist of multiple clades/clusters and are associated with various carbapenemases (i.e., KPCs, NDMs, OXA-48-like, and VIMs). ST307 is endemic in Italy, Colombia, the United States (Texas), and South Africa, while ST147 is endemic in India, Italy, Greece, and certain North African countries. Both clones have been introduced into regions of nonendemicity, leading to worldwide nosocomial outbreaks. Genomic studies showed ST307 and ST147 contain identical gyrA and parC mutations and likely obtained plasmids with blaCTX-M-15 during the early to mid-2000s, which aided in their global distribution. ST307 and ST147 then acquired plasmids with various carbapenemases during the late 2000s, establishing themselves as important AMR pathogens in certain regions. Both clones are likely underreported due to restricted detection methodologies. ST307 and ST147 have the ability to become major threats to public health due to their worldwide distribution, ability to cause serious infections, and association with AMR, including panresistance. The medical community at large, especially those concerned with antimicrobial resistance, should be aware of the looming threat posed by emerging AMR high-risk clones such as K. pneumoniae ST307 and ST147.

scholarly journals Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Modern Health Care ◽  
Law And Ethics ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Control

The Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health is the ultimate resource on the subject of public health and epidemiology. It has been thoroughly revised and updated, offering a global and comprehensive perspective on wide-ranging public health needs and priorities in modern health care. It is divided into three areas: 'The Scope of Public Health' discusses the development of the discipline, determinants of health and disease, public health policies, and law and ethics; 'The Methods of Public Health' covers the main science behind the discipline – epidemiology; 'The Practice of Public Health' examines specific public health problems and the options for prevention and control. As well as identifying these issues by system or disease, there is also an awareness of the unique needs of particular population groups. This sixth edition also includes new topics, including climate change, genetic testing and epidemiology; new methods for measuring the burden of disease; life course approaches to epidemiology, behavioural economics; and physical activity, health and wellbeing.

scholarly journals Therapeutic potential of medicinal plants against Leishmaniasis: a public health concern

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
Kashif Hussain ◽  
◽  
Rao Zahid Abbas ◽  
Asghar Abbas ◽  
Muhammad Asif Raza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Peganum Harmala ◽  
And Control ◽  
Important Disease

Leishmaniasis is an important disease affecting global public health which is spread by sand fly having different species. Various chemical drugs are used to treat and control Leishmaniasis including pentavalent antimonials, antimicrobial and antibiotics. Due to emergence of drug resistance, these therapeutic options are losing effectiveness in attaining success. Furthermore, these drugs are expensive and have toxic effects on liver and kidneys. There has been an emerging interest and excellent response by using plant based drugs and extracts to control Leishmaniasis. Different medicinal plants including Glycyrrhiza glabra, Allium sativum, Peganum harmala and Nigella sativa have shown excellent anti-leishmanial activity. Therefore, medicinal plants can help in effective drug development against Leishmaniasis diseases in both animals and humans which will be safer and health protective.

scholarly journals Rockefeller Foundation’s Global Health and China’s Modern Health Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-79
Author(s):  
Liping Bu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Rockefeller Foundation ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
National Health System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Health Board ◽  
Global Public Health

The Rockefeller Foundation (RF) was the first private organization to have systematically envisioned and practiced public health as a world system. The RF exerted extensive influence in disseminating medical science, public health practice and policies in the world. It set up similar public health institutions in many countries by working with national and colonial governments, empires of Europe and the United States, and the League of Nations Health Organization. This article focuses on the RF’s role in the development of modern health in China. It situates the discussion in the larger context of RF’s involvement in Asia. The RF made significant achievements in China primarily through the mechanisms of the International Health Board, the China Medical Board, and the extraordinary capabilities of John B. Grant. Drawing on archival data and recent research, this article examines the interactive work between RF officials, Chinese health professionals, and the Chinese government in standardizing medical science education and the training of health professionals by means of establishing Peking Union Medical College and the health demonstration stations. It shows how these programs and institutions ultimately helped shape up the creation of a national health system in China. This study sheds light on the long-term legacy of the RF in China and the implications of state medicine and medical efficiency for current global public health.

scholarly journals Monoclonal antibody therapy for Junin virus infection

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (16) ◽  
pp. 4458-4463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry Zeitlin ◽  
Joan B. Geisbert ◽  
Daniel J. Deer ◽  
Karla A. Fenton ◽  
Ognian Bohorov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Homeland Security ◽  
Antibody Therapy ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Dual Use ◽  
Lethal Challenge ◽  
Junin Virus ◽  
Junín Virus

Countermeasures against potential biothreat agents remain important to US Homeland Security, and many of these pharmaceuticals could have dual use in the improvement of global public health. Junin virus, the causative agent of Argentine hemorrhagic fever (AHF), is an arenavirus identified as a category A high-priority agent. There are no Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drugs available for preventing or treating AHF, and the current treatment option is limited to administration of immune plasma. Whereas immune plasma demonstrates the feasibility of passive immunotherapy, it is limited in quantity, variable in quality, and poses safety risks such as transmission of transfusion-borne diseases. In an effort to develop a monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based alternative to plasma, three previously described neutralizing murine mAbs were expressed as mouse-human chimeric antibodies and evaluated in the guinea pig model of AHF. These mAbs provided 100% protection against lethal challenge when administered 2 d after infection (dpi), and one of them (J199) was capable of providing 100% protection when treatment was initiated 6 dpi and 92% protection when initiated 7 dpi. The efficacy of J199 is superior to that previously described for all other evaluated drugs, and its high potency suggests that mAbs like J199 offer an economical alternative to immune plasma and an effective dual use (bioterrorism/public health) therapeutic.

scholarly journals On the Mathematical Analysis of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever: Deathly Infection Disease in West African Countries

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdon Atangana ◽  
Emile Franc Doungmo Goufo
Keyword(s):  
African Country ◽  
Equilibrium Points ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
West African ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Eigen Values ◽  
Infection Disease ◽  
Good Prevention

For a given West African country, we constructed a model describing the spread of the deathly disease called Ebola hemorrhagic fever. The model was first constructed using the classical derivative and then converted to the generalized version using the beta-derivative. We studied in detail the endemic equilibrium points and provided the Eigen values associated using the Jacobian method. We furthered our investigation by solving the model numerically using an iteration method. The simulations were done in terms of time and beta. The study showed that, for small portion of infected individuals, the whole country could die out in a very short period of time in case there is not good prevention.

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